Necesidades de formación continua del profesorado de educación básica para el diseño de programas de posgrado

This paper shows the results of an exploratory study with a quantitative approach in which the continuous training needs of basic education teachers are identified: preschool, primary and secondary, in order to design a relevant and contextualized postgraduate proposal. The main objective is based on the diagnosis of training needs felt by teachers for the design and implementation of continuous training educational programs, based on the areas of opportunity expressed by teachers in service in the northern region of the state of Zacatecas, Mexico, in contrast to the professional competences for the exercise of teaching. For the collection of information, a questionnaire instrument with a Likert-type scale was used, made up of 48 items in six categories of analysis: continuous training needs, teaching and continuous improvement, educational research, professional ethics, didactic use of ICTs and English. This study shows a diagnosis of the training needs most felt by in-service teachers, from which Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) could base their proposals for continuous training programs.Estudio exploratorio con enfoque cuantitativo en el que se identifican las necesidades de formación continua de docentes de educación básica: preescolar, primaria y secundaria, a fin de diseñar una propuesta de posgrado pertinente y contextualizada. El objetivo principal se basa en el diagnóstico de necesidades de formación sentidas por el profesorado para el diseño e implementación de programas educativos de formación continua, a partir de las áreas de oportunidad expresadas por los profesores en servicio de la región norte del estado de Zacatecas, México, en contraste con las competencias profesionales para el ejercicio de la docencia. Para la recogida de información se utilizó un instrumento de cuestionario con escala tipo Likert, conformado por 48 ítems en seis categorías de análisis: necesidades de formación continua, docencia y mejora continua, investigación educativa, ética profesional, uso didáctico de TIC´s e inglés. Este estudio muestra un diagnóstico de las necesidades de formación más sentidas por los docentes en servicio, a partir de las cuales las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) podrían fundamentar sus propuestas de programas de formación continua

Planteamiento del problema de investigación en el programa de maestría de la ENERRC, aprendizajes y dificultades.

The objective of this paper is to describe the main learning and difficulties faced by students in the drafting of the research problem statement of the Master's program in Education and Improvement of Teaching Practice (MEMPD), of the Rafael Ramírez Castañeda Normal Experimental School. (ENERRC), from the experience of the participants and the perspective of the teachers/tutors. The research was developed from a mixed approach, of an exploratory type and an action-research methodological design. The results of the research showed how the follow-up and timely accompaniment of the course teacher/tutor favored the construction of theoretical-methodological learning for the elaboration of the problem statement in qualitative research, as a starting point for the generation of reflective processes of the practice itself and the development of professional skills in the participants. At the end of the formative path of the first quarter, temporal delimitation of the research, it became clear that the most relevant learning consisted of the diagnosis of a problem in their professional practice, pertinent and justified, as well as some methodological aspects such as: background, delimitation, justification, question and research objectives. Among the most felt areas of opportunity, those related to the use of theory to substantiate, justify or argue ideas derived from empirical reflection were commented, together with the use of the correct way of referencing them in APA format.El presente escrito tiene como objetivo describir los principales aprendizajes y dificultades que enfrentaron los estudiantes en la redacción del planteamiento del problema de investigación del programa de la Maestría en Educación y Mejora de la Práctica Docente (MEMPD), de la Escuela Normal Experimental Rafael Ramírez Castañeda (ENERRC), desde la experiencia de los participantes y la perspectiva de los docentes/tutores. La investigación se desarrolló desde un enfoque mixto, de tipo exploratorio y diseño metodológico de investigación-acción. Los resultados de la investigación mostraron cómo el seguimiento y acompañamiento oportuno del docente/tutor del curso, favorecieron la construcción de aprendizajes teóricos-metodológicos para la elaboración del planteamiento del problema en una investigación cualitativa, como punto de partida para la generación de procesos reflexivos de la propia práctica y el desarrollo de competencias profesionales en los participantes. Al término del trayecto formativo del primer cuatrimestre, delimitación temporal de la investigación, quedó de manifiesto que, los aprendizajes con mayor relevancia consistieron en el diagnóstico de una problemática en su práctica profesional, pertinente y justificada, así como algunos aspectos de orden metodológico como: antecedentes, delimitación, justificación, pregunta y objetivos de investigación. Entre las áreas de oportunidad más sentidas se comentaron las relacionadas con el uso de la teoría para fundamentar, justificar o argumentar ideas derivadas de la reflexión empírica, aunado al uso de la forma correcta de referenciarlas en formato APA

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

Why Are Outcomes Different for Registry Patients Enrolled Prospectively and Retrospectively? Insights from the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF).

Background: Retrospective and prospective observational studies are designed to reflect real-world evidence on clinical practice, but can yield conflicting results. The GARFIELD-AF Registry includes both methods of enrolment and allows analysis of differences in patient characteristics and outcomes that may result. Methods and Results: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ≥1 risk factor for stroke at diagnosis of AF were recruited either retrospectively (n = 5069) or prospectively (n = 5501) from 19 countries and then followed prospectively. The retrospectively enrolled cohort comprised patients with established AF (for a least 6, and up to 24 months before enrolment), who were identified retrospectively (and baseline and partial follow-up data were collected from the emedical records) and then followed prospectively between 0-18 months (such that the total time of follow-up was 24 months; data collection Dec-2009 and Oct-2010). In the prospectively enrolled cohort, patients with newly diagnosed AF (≤6 weeks after diagnosis) were recruited between Mar-2010 and Oct-2011 and were followed for 24 months after enrolment. Differences between the cohorts were observed in clinical characteristics, including type of AF, stroke prevention strategies, and event rates. More patients in the retrospectively identified cohort received vitamin K antagonists (62.1% vs. 53.2%) and fewer received non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (1.8% vs . 4.2%). All-cause mortality rates per 100 person-years during the prospective follow-up (starting the first study visit up to 1 year) were significantly lower in the retrospective than prospectively identified cohort (3.04 [95% CI 2.51 to 3.67] vs . 4.05 [95% CI 3.53 to 4.63]; p = 0.016). Conclusions: Interpretations of data from registries that aim to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of patients with AF must take account of differences in registry design and the impact of recall bias and survivorship bias that is incurred with retrospective enrolment. Clinical Trial Registration: - URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier for GARFIELD-AF (NCT01090362)

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Digital Competencies in the management of Google Classroom with undergraduate students during the COVID-19 pandemic

This document shows the nature of a didactic intervention implemented with the intention of providing normalist students of a specific group with the necessary tools and knowledge to appropriate the digital skills that allow them to use the Google Classroom educational platform effectively, this in the face of a new work modality caused by the pandemic caused by COVID-19. Chapter I contextualizes the intervention project through a introduction to the conditions in which Higher Public Education has been worked, emphasizing the characteristics in which the educational processes have been developed in the Rafael Ramírez Castañeda de Nieves Experimental Normal School, Zacatecas. Chapter II theoretically conceptualizes the concepts of the education and its related such as the teaching of English in Normal Schools, Information and Communication Technologies, Educational Technology, and some contextual platform definitions used in this intervention. Chapter III describes the methodology used for the intervention, a chemical methodology in which a need was identified to be addressed through the course "English III: Sharing information and ideas", thus determining that Google Classroom was the platform to be used with the intention of providing students with the necessary knowledge to appropriate and put into practice the digital skills for the management of this digital technological tool. In addition, the structure of the intervention project is addressed, in which the following steps can be distinguished: creation of a Google account by the teacher and the students, registering students for the class, orientation on how to start the work on the platform, receiving and sending activities, production of digital content and generation of compliance reports. Chapter IV shares the results obtained through an instrument applied to the population with which it was intervened, this document bears the name “Instrument to measure digital skills in the use of Google Classroom as a teaching-learning strategy" and through it the level of appropriation of the digital competences proposed as an objective. Chapter V shows the conclusions and recommendations generated from of the process of design and application of a didactic strategy that allows to promote the acquisition and implementation of digital skills in the use of Google Classroom mentioning if it improves or does not reach what was intended in terms of objectives.En este documento se muestra la naturaleza de una intervención didáctica implementada con la intención de brindar a los estudiantes normalistas de un grupo en especifico las herramientas necesarias y el conocimiento para que se apropien de las competencias digitales que les permitan utilizar la plataforma educativa Google Classroom de manera eficaz, esto ante una nueva modalidad de trabajo originada por la pandemia provocada por la COVID-19. En el capítulo I se contextualiza el proyecto de intervención mediante una introducción a las condiciones en las que se ha trabajado la Educación Pública Superior, enfatizando las características en las que se han venido desarrollando los procesos educativos en la Escuela Normal Experimental Rafael Ramírez Castañeda de Nieves, Zacatecas. En el capítulo II se conceptualizan teóricamente los conceptos propios de la educación y sus relacionados como lo son la enseñanza del inglés en las Escuelas Normales, las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación, la Tecnología Educativa, y algunas definiciones contextuales de plataforma empleadas en esta intervención. El capítulo III describe la metodología empleada para la intervención, una metodología cuantitativa en la que se identificó una necesidad a atender a través del curso “English III: Sharing information and ideas”, determinando así que Google Classroom era la plataforma a utilizar con la intención de proporcionar a los estudiantes los conocimientos necesarios para que se apropiaran y pusieran en práctica las competencias digitales para el manejo de esta herramienta tecnológica digital. Se aborda, además, la estructura del proyecto de intervención, en éste se pueden distinguir los siguientes pasos: creación de una cuenta Google por parte del docente y de los estudiantes, inscripción de los alumnos a la clase, orientación acerca de cómo iniciar el trabajo en la plataforma, recepción y envío de actividades, producción de contenido digital y generación de reportes de cumplimiento. En el capítulo IV se comparten los resultados obtenidos a través de un instrumento aplicado a la población con la que se intervino, este documento lleva por nombre “Instrumento para medir las competencias digitales en el uso de Google Classroom como estrategia de enseñanza – aprendizaje” y a través de él se valora el nivel de apropiación de las competencias digitales propuestas como objetivo. En el capítulo V se muestran las conclusiones y recomendaciones generadas a partir del proceso de diseño y aplicación de una estrategia didáctica que permitiera promover la adquisición y puesta en práctica de competencias digitales en el uso de Google Classroom mencionando si se logró o no alcanzar lo que se pretendía en términos de objetivos

Allende vive 30 años

El Seminario Internacional 30 Años Allende Vive, convocado por la Revista América Libre, el Centro de Educación Popular, CEPIS, de Brasil, el Centro Martín Luther King de Cuba y el ICAL, en un momento en que las luchas populares retoman la iniciativa, se planteó rescatar la memoria del proceso de la Unidad Popular y del ejemplo de Salvador Allende y proyectarla a las búsquedas que los movimientos populares realizan para construir alternativas al neoliberalismo, la emergencia de nuevos gobiernos populares, los caminos de creación de poder popular, la perspectiva socialista como proyecto y como opción. La publicación del seminario 30 Años Allende Vive constituye un aporte para la reflexión de la izquierda latinoamericana, y una importante fuente de consulta tanto para referencias históricas como para los muy actuales debates sobre la construcción de alternativas de cambio con perspectiva socialista.Presentación; Discurso de Inauguración del Seminario Internacional 30 Años, Allende Vive; Inauguración del Seminario 30 Años, Allende Vive; Saludos; Transformaciones de Estructura y Redistribución del Ingreso; La educación y la cultura en el Gobierno Popular; Reforma Agraria y Soberanía Alimentaria; Los logros de la Unidad Popular y las perspectivas en diferentes sectores sociales; Soberanía sobre los Recursos Naturales. El Cobre; El programa de gobierno de Salvador Allende; La Verdad sobre la Unidad Popular y el Golpe de Estado; Unidad Popular, Impacto y Solidaridad Internacional; Presentación del libro Salvador Allende, Textos Escogidos; La política imperialista. El ALCA y la militarización del mundo. El Plan Colombia; La unidad de los pueblos contra la estrategia imperialista, guerrerista, desestabilizadora y golpista de Estados Unidos; Ponencia de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia Ejército del Pueblo (FARC-EP); Los cristianos en la lucha por el socialismo; Fuerzas Armadas, Democracia y Soberanía Nacional; Situación del movimiento sindical antes y después del golpe; Derechos Humanos antes y después del golpe de estado; Movimientos GLBTT y Procesos Revolucionarios en América Latina. Construyendo el nuevo sujeto histórico; Políticas de Género de la Izquierda Latinoamericana; Panel sobre Medios de comunicación; Gobernar la revolución. Por una gobernabilidad revolucionaria para la revolución bolivariana; La integración latinoamericana y el sueño bolivariano; Las alternativas populares en América Latina ayer y hoy. Izquierda e Institucionalidad, Reforma y Revolución; Los movimientos sociales y los partidos políticos en la construcción de las alternativas populares. Sujeto histórico, alianzas, programas, estrategias; La perspectiva socialista en la construcción de las alternativas populare

XV International Congress of Control Electronics and Telecommunications: "The role of technology in times of pandemic and post-pandemic: innovation and development for strategic social and productive sectors"

La anterior selección, motivados por la aseveración de Manuel Castells -hace casi 20 años ya- que la innovación y la difusión de la tecnología parecía ser la herramienta apropiada para el desarrollo en la era de la información. Este 2020, sin embargo, ante la situación disruptiva que aquejó y aqueja a la sociedad red como una estructura social emergente de la Era de la Información basada en redes de producción, energizadas por el poder y la experiencia; falló y debe reencontrar su rumbo. Es así que los problemas acuciantes, ahora, fueron: la atención sanitaria y la superación de la epidemia de Sars Cov 2; tomó forma la, hasta entonces, visión irrealista de Castells que … no podemos avanzar con nuestros modelos de desarrollo actual, destruyendo nuestro entorno y excluyendo a la mayor parte de la humanidad de los beneficios de la revolución tecnológica más extraordinaria de la historia, sin sufrir una devastadora reacción por parte de la sociedad y la naturaleza. Fue así que el Cuarto Mundo, específicamente, donde la suficiencia de recurso humano, de capital, trabajo, información y mercado -vinculados todos a través de la tecnología- supuso que atendería eficazmente a través de la población que podía por su capacidad hacer uso racional y profesional del conocimiento, las necesidades de la mayoritaria población vulnerable y vulnerada. Por lo anterior, poner en el centro a las personas, en entornos de tarea y trabajo globales hiperconectados combinando espacios físicos, corrientes de información con canales de conexión expeditos, y formando profesionales del conocimiento que asuman y afronten los retos derivados de la transformación digital de empresas, universidades, y organizaciones, pero en condiciones de equidad y sujetos de prosperidad, será el desafío en los escenarios presentes y futuros inmediatos.The previous selection, motivated by the assertion of Manuel Castells -almost 20 years ago- that innovation and diffusion of technology seemed to be the appropriate tool for development in the information age. This 2020, however, in the face of the disruptive situation that afflicted and continues to afflict the network society as an emerging social structure of the Information Age based on production networks, energized by power and experience; He failed and must find his way again. Thus, the pressing problems now were: health care and overcoming the Sars Cov 2 epidemic; Castells' until then unrealistic vision took shape that... we cannot advance with our current development models, destroying our environment and excluding the majority of humanity from the benefits of the most extraordinary technological revolution in history, without suffering a devastating reaction from society and nature. It was thus that the Fourth World, specifically, where the sufficiency of human resources, capital, work, information and market - all linked through technology - meant that it would serve effectively through the population that could, due to its capacity, make rational use. and knowledge professional, the needs of the majority vulnerable and vulnerable population. Therefore, putting people at the center, in hyperconnected global task and work environments, combining physical spaces, information flows with expedited connection channels, and training knowledge professionals who assume and face the challenges derived from the digital transformation of companies, universities, and organizations, but in conditions of equality and subject to prosperity, will be the challenge in the present and immediate future scenarios.Bogot

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis.

The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327  There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in th

Prosthetic Valve Candida spp. Endocarditis: New Insights Into Long-term Prognosis—The ESCAPE Study

International audienceBackground: Prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Candida spp. (PVE-C) is rare and devastating, with international guidelines based on expert recommendations supporting the combination of surgery and subsequent azole treatment.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed PVE-C cases collected in Spain and France between 2001 and 2015, with a focus on management and outcome.Results: Forty-six cases were followed up for a median of 9 months. Twenty-two patients (48%) had a history of endocarditis, 30 cases (65%) were nosocomial or healthcare related, and 9 (20%) patients were intravenous drug users. "Induction" therapy consisted mainly of liposomal amphotericin B (L-amB)-based (n = 21) or echinocandin-based therapy (n = 13). Overall, 19 patients (41%) were operated on. Patients <66 years old and without cardiac failure were more likely to undergo cardiac surgery (adjusted odds ratios [aORs], 6.80 [95% confidence interval [CI], 1.59-29.13] and 10.92 [1.15-104.06], respectively). Surgery was not associated with better survival rates at 6 months. Patients who received L-amB alone had a better 6-month survival rate than those who received an echinocandin alone (aOR, 13.52; 95% CI, 1.03-838.10). "Maintenance" fluconazole therapy, prescribed in 21 patients for a median duration of 13 months (range, 2-84 months), led to minor adverse effects.Conclusion: L-amB induction treatment improves survival in patients with PVE-C. Medical treatment followed by long-term maintenance fluconazole may be the best treatment option for frail patients