Factores Socioeconómicos y Motivacionales que Afectan el Rendimiento Escolar de los Estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas Administrativas de la Unacar

At present, it is not well seen that the education of a country has high rates of failure, or a low level of school performance, as this has implications for the economy and growth of the country. For this reason, governments have increasingly invested in quality education, establishing educational policies and allocating resources to reduce the factors that prevent countries from reaching the expected educational quality. One of these factors is the low academic performance and to increase it, it is necessary to identify the factors that affect its occurrence. The present investigation seeks to identify the factors that affect the academic performance of the students of the Faculty of Economic Administrative Sciences of the Autonomous University of the Carmen, through a descriptive study, based on a qualitative analysis about the detection of the indicators that have greater impact on the student’s academic performance index. The results show that students who fail most, not only study, but also work, which prevents them from devoting more time to study. Another important factor is the lack of interest in the subject.En la actualidad, no es bien visto que la educación presente altos índices de reprobación, o un bajo nivel de desempeño escolar, ya que ello tiene implicaciones en la economía y crecimiento del país. Por esa razón los gobiernos deciden, cada vez más, invertir en educación de calidad, estableciendo las políticas educativas y destinando los recursos que permitan disminuir los factores que impiden alcanzar la calidad educativa esperada. Uno de esos factores es el bajo desempeño académico, y para combatirlo es necesario identificar los factores que inciden para que se produzca. La presente investigación está dirigida a identificar los factores que afectan el desempeño académico de los estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas Administrativas de la Universidad Autónoma del Carmen, por medio de un estudio descriptivo, basado en un análisis cualitativo sobre la detección de los indicadores que reflejan mayor impacto en el índice de rendimiento académico de los estudiantes. Los resultados muestran que la mayoría de los estudiantes que reprueban, no solo estudian, sino que además trabajan, lo que les impide dedicar mayor tiempo al estudio. Otro factor importante es la falta de interés por la materia

Glosario del mobiliario urbano del Área Metropolitana de Guadalajara

Con los antecedentes de esta investigación que realizamos en el PAP de primavera 2018 se pretendió continuar indagando en los orígenes del mobiliario urbano público y su evolución histórica, su funcionalidad y la manera en que su diseño enriquece y hace más habitable la ciudad, a través de un glosario razonado, comentado e ilustrado, en el que se verterán nuestras experiencias en la recopilación de información por medio de entrevistas, trabajo de campo y bibliografía. Con base en bibliografía especializada y entrevistas a expertos en arquitectura, urbanismo, política y otras áreas afines, se buscó entender las soluciones que se han propuesto a lo largo del tiempo en el Área Metropolitana de Guadalajara, así como su variedad, distribución y diseño. Se identificó también la variedad y diversidad del mobiliario de acuerdo con su función en las distintas zonas del AMG.ITESO, A.C

Studies on human papillomavirus (HPV) in Ecuador, part I

Aprovechando la realización de las XL Jornadas Nacionales de Biología Espol en la ciudad de Guayaquil, se realizó una sesión dedicada a la epidemiología del virus de papiloma humano (VPH) y del cáncer cervical. Esta sesión tuvo la participación de varios investigadores provenientes de diferentes zonas del Ecuador. El presente artículo tiene como objeto presentar un resumen de estas charlas, junto a un análisis de la información mostrada además de una reflexión sobre las preguntas que quedan aún por responder en cuanto al perfil epidemiológico de esta patología en el país.Taking advantage of the realization of the XL National Conference on Espol Biology in the city of Guayaquil, a session was held dedicated to the epidemiology of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and cervical cancer. This session was attended by several researchers from different areas of Ecuador. The object of this article is to present a summary of these talks, together with an analysis of the information shown in addition to a reflection on the questions still to be answered regarding the epidemiological profile of this pathology in the country.Fil: Rivera, Angélica. Ministerio de Salud Publica. Instituto Nacional de Investigacion En Salud Publica Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Perez; EcuadorFil: De la Plata, Janice. Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida; EcuadorFil: Montiel, Marynes. Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida; EcuadorFil: Romero, Christian. Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida; EcuadorFil: Piedrahíta, Paolo. Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida; EcuadorFil: Sanchez, Eduardo. Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida; EcuadorFil: Moreno, Arturo. Ministerio de Salud Publica. Instituto Nacional de Investigacion En Salud Publica Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Perez; EcuadorFil: Espinosa, Maylen. Ministerio de Salud Publica. Instituto Nacional de Investigacion En Salud Publica Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Perez; EcuadorFil: Bedoya, César. Ministerio de Salud Publica. Instituto Nacional de Investigacion En Salud Publica Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Perez; EcuadorFil: Arreaga, Carlos. Universidad Técnica de Machala; EcuadorFil: España, Karool. Ministerio de Salud Publica. Instituto Nacional de Investigacion En Salud Publica Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Perez; EcuadorFil: Parrales, Eduardo. Universidad de Guayaquil; EcuadorFil: Zhingre, Alicia. Universidad de Guayaquil; EcuadorFil: Sanchez, Sunny. Universidad de Especialidades Espíritu Santo; EcuadorFil: Campoverde, Alfredo. Universidad de Cuenca; EcuadorFil: Dalgo, Paola. Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja; EcuadorFil: Arévalo, Paulina. Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja; EcuadorFil: García, Gustavo. Sociedad de Lucha Contra el Cáncer. Instituto Oncológico Nacional; EcuadorFil: Mendoza, Marcia. Sociedad de Lucha Contra el Cáncer. Instituto Oncológico Nacional; EcuadorFil: Ruiz, Juan. Sociedad de Lucha Contra el Cáncer. Instituto Oncológico Nacional; EcuadorFil: Sanchez, Martha. Ministerio de Salud Publica. Instituto Nacional de Investigacion En Salud Publica Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Perez; EcuadorFil: Medina, Lex. Ministerio de Salud Publica. Instituto Nacional de Investigacion En Salud Publica Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Perez; EcuadorFil: Párraga, Karla. United European Gastroenterology; AustriaFil: Ibarra, Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Quimís, María. No especifíca;Fil: Parrales, Johana. Ministerio de Salud Publica. Instituto Nacional de Investigacion En Salud Publica Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Perez; EcuadorFil: Molina, Denisse. Ministerio de Salud Publica. Instituto Nacional de Investigacion En Salud Publica Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Perez; EcuadorFil: Badano, Ines. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Orlando, Alberto. Ministerio de Salud Publica. Instituto Nacional de Investigacion En Salud Publica Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Perez; EcuadorFil: Vega Luzuriaga, Patricio. Ministerio de Salud Publica. Instituto Nacional de Investigacion En Salud Publica Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Perez; Ecuado

The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4.45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4.01-4.94) deaths and 105 million (95.0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44.4% (41.3-48.4) of all cancer deaths and 42.0% (39.1-45.6) of all DALYs. There were 2.88 million (2.60-3.18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50.6% [47.8-54.1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1.58 million (1.36-1.84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36.3% [32.5-41.3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20.4% (12.6-28.4) and DALYs by 16.8% (8.8-25.0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34.7% [27.9-42.8] and 33.3% [25.8-42.0]). Interpretation The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.Peer reviewe

Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BACKGROUND Regular, detailed reporting on population health by underlying cause of death is fundamental for public health decision making. Cause-specific estimates of mortality and the subsequent effects on life expectancy worldwide are valuable metrics to gauge progress in reducing mortality rates. These estimates are particularly important following large-scale mortality spikes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. When systematically analysed, mortality rates and life expectancy allow comparisons of the consequences of causes of death globally and over time, providing a nuanced understanding of the effect of these causes on global populations. METHODS The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 cause-of-death analysis estimated mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) from 288 causes of death by age-sex-location-year in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations for each year from 1990 until 2021. The analysis used 56 604 data sources, including data from vital registration and verbal autopsy as well as surveys, censuses, surveillance systems, and cancer registries, among others. As with previous GBD rounds, cause-specific death rates for most causes were estimated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model-a modelling tool developed for GBD to assess the out-of-sample predictive validity of different statistical models and covariate permutations and combine those results to produce cause-specific mortality estimates-with alternative strategies adapted to model causes with insufficient data, substantial changes in reporting over the study period, or unusual epidemiology. YLLs were computed as the product of the number of deaths for each cause-age-sex-location-year and the standard life expectancy at each age. As part of the modelling process, uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated using the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles from a 1000-draw distribution for each metric. We decomposed life expectancy by cause of death, location, and year to show cause-specific effects on life expectancy from 1990 to 2021. We also used the coefficient of variation and the fraction of population affected by 90% of deaths to highlight concentrations of mortality. Findings are reported in counts and age-standardised rates. Methodological improvements for cause-of-death estimates in GBD 2021 include the expansion of under-5-years age group to include four new age groups, enhanced methods to account for stochastic variation of sparse data, and the inclusion of COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality-which includes excess mortality associated with the pandemic, excluding COVID-19, lower respiratory infections, measles, malaria, and pertussis. For this analysis, 199 new country-years of vital registration cause-of-death data, 5 country-years of surveillance data, 21 country-years of verbal autopsy data, and 94 country-years of other data types were added to those used in previous GBD rounds. FINDINGS The leading causes of age-standardised deaths globally were the same in 2019 as they were in 1990; in descending order, these were, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lower respiratory infections. In 2021, however, COVID-19 replaced stroke as the second-leading age-standardised cause of death, with 94·0 deaths (95% UI 89·2-100·0) per 100 000 population. The COVID-19 pandemic shifted the rankings of the leading five causes, lowering stroke to the third-leading and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to the fourth-leading position. In 2021, the highest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 occurred in sub-Saharan Africa (271·0 deaths [250·1-290·7] per 100 000 population) and Latin America and the Caribbean (195·4 deaths [182·1-211·4] per 100 000 population). The lowest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 were in the high-income super-region (48·1 deaths [47·4-48·8] per 100 000 population) and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania (23·2 deaths [16·3-37·2] per 100 000 population). Globally, life expectancy steadily improved between 1990 and 2019 for 18 of the 22 investigated causes. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the positive effect that reductions in deaths from enteric infections, lower respiratory infections, stroke, and neonatal deaths, among others have contributed to improved survival over the study period. However, a net reduction of 1·6 years occurred in global life expectancy between 2019 and 2021, primarily due to increased death rates from COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality. Life expectancy was highly variable between super-regions over the study period, with southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania gaining 8·3 years (6·7-9·9) overall, while having the smallest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 (0·4 years). The largest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 occurred in Latin America and the Caribbean (3·6 years). Additionally, 53 of the 288 causes of death were highly concentrated in locations with less than 50% of the global population as of 2021, and these causes of death became progressively more concentrated since 1990, when only 44 causes showed this pattern. The concentration phenomenon is discussed heuristically with respect to enteric and lower respiratory infections, malaria, HIV/AIDS, neonatal disorders, tuberculosis, and measles. INTERPRETATION Long-standing gains in life expectancy and reductions in many of the leading causes of death have been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, the adverse effects of which were spread unevenly among populations. Despite the pandemic, there has been continued progress in combatting several notable causes of death, leading to improved global life expectancy over the study period. Each of the seven GBD super-regions showed an overall improvement from 1990 and 2021, obscuring the negative effect in the years of the pandemic. Additionally, our findings regarding regional variation in causes of death driving increases in life expectancy hold clear policy utility. Analyses of shifting mortality trends reveal that several causes, once widespread globally, are now increasingly concentrated geographically. These changes in mortality concentration, alongside further investigation of changing risks, interventions, and relevant policy, present an important opportunity to deepen our understanding of mortality-reduction strategies. Examining patterns in mortality concentration might reveal areas where successful public health interventions have been implemented. Translating these successes to locations where certain causes of death remain entrenched can inform policies that work to improve life expectancy for people everywhere. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

In Memorium, Rt. Rev. Joseph S. Glass, C. M., D. D.

In Memorium, Rt. Rev. Joseph S. Glass, C. M., D. D., born March 13, 1874, appointed Catholic Bishop of Salt Lake diocese in 1915, member of the Alta Club, died January 26, 192

3er. Coloquio: Fortalecimiento de los Colectivos de Docencia

Las memorias del 3er. Coloquio de Fortalecimiento de Colectivos de Docencia deben ser entendidas como un esfuerzo colectivo de la comunidad de académicos de la División de Ciencias y Artes para el Diseño, en medio de la pandemia COVID-19, con el fin de: • Analizar y proponer acciones concretas que promuevan el mejoramiento de la calidad docente en la División. • Proponer acciones que permitan continuar fortaleciendo los cursos con modalidad a distancia (remotos). • Ante un escenario que probablemente demandará en el mediano plazo, transitar del modelo remoto a un modelo híbrido, proponer acciones a considerar para la transición de los cursos. • Planear y preparar cursos de nivelación de conocimientos, para cuando se transite a la impartición de la docencia de manera mixta o presencial, dirigidos a los alumnos que no hayan tenido oportunidad de desarrollar actividades relevantes para su formación, como prácticas de talleres y laboratorios, visitas, o alguna otra actividad relevante

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data