Barreras percibidas entre los jóvenes para no participar en actividades de ocio

Este artículo se centra en conocer qué factores del ámbito escolar, familiar y personal son percibidos por los jóvenes, en función del género, como barreras para la no participación en actividades de ocio que les gustan. Las barreras han sido un tema ampliamente estudiado por la psicología social desde los años 80, abordando estudios que se han centrado en colectivos concretos e identificando en todos los casos barreras de diferente naturaleza: económicas, sociales, educativas y psicológicas. El colectivo joven ha sido también estudiado, desde diferentes ópticas, poniendo el acento, por un lado en la evolución de las prácticas de ocio y por otro, en los riesgos asociados a conductas de ocio juvenil; indudablemente cabe destacar el papel del ocio en ese ciclo vital como: ámbito de socialización, factor que contribuye al desarrollo de la identidad y elemento de bienestar personal. En este estudio, de ámbito estatal, participan 684 jóvenes estudiantes de institutos, cuyas edades se encuentran entre los 16 y 27 años. Uno de los principales resultados obtenidos es que los jóvenes practican más actividades de índole recreativa, tales como estar con los amigos o navegar por Internet, y que a pesar de que les gustaría practicar más deporte no lo hacen por falta de tiempo, esta barrera es mayor en las chicas que presentan menor disponibilidad. También aparecen diferencias significativas por género en la percepción de bienestar.This article focuses on knowing that factors of school, family and personal sphere are perceived by young people, by gender, as barriers for non-participation in leisure activities they like. Barriers has been a topic widely studied by social psychology from the 80s, addressing studies have focused on specific groups and identifying in all cases barriers of different nature: economic, social, educational and psychological. The youth has also been studied from different perspectives, with emphasis on the one hand in the evolution of leisure practices and on the other, the risks associated with behaviors of youth leisure; undoubtedly it has to include the role of leisure in that life step as an area of socialization, factor that contributes to the development of identity and personal welfare. In this study, at national level, 684 young high school students, whose ages are between 16 and 27 years. One of the main results is that young people practice more activities of a recreational nature, like being with friends or surfing the Internet, and that although they would like to practice more sport do not for lack of time, this barrier is higher in girls who have less availability. Significant gender differences also appear in the perception of well-being

Valoración psicométrica de la versión española del SLIM (Serious Leisure Inventory and Measure) en contextos deportivos

El ocio serio explica el compromiso e implicación en prácticas de ocio con el fin de adquirir y expresar las destrezas necesarias para llevarlas a cabo. El SLIM (Serious Leisure Inventory and Measure) es un instrumento dedicado a la evaluación de este concepto. El presente estudio tiene por objeto analizar las características psicométricas y la validez estructural del SLIM. Participan en el estudio 232 deportistas federados amateurs a quienes se les aplicó la versión de 54 ítems del SLIM. Para la validez del constructo se probaron los modelos teóricos propuestos por Gould, Moore, Karlin, Gaede, Walker y Dotterweich (2011) a través de Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (AFC). El modelo de medida ofreció unos muy adecuados índices de ajuste (χ²(9) = 15,23, p = ,087, χ²/gl = 3,29, GFI = ,97, CFI = ,98, SRMR = ,04, RMSEA = ,05 [,02 a ,09]) con índices de Fiabilidad Compuesta entre ,71 y ,86. Un segundo modelo, llamado inventario no tuvo inicialmente una buena adecuación y fue redefinido obteniendo un nuevo modelo de tres factores que explican adecuadamente los beneficios del ocio serio (χ²(49) = 126,36, p < ,001, χ²/gl = 2,86, GFI = ,92, CFI = ,93, SRMR = ,06, RMSEA = ,078 [,05 a ,10]). Los resultados del estudio muestran unas adecuadas características psicométricas del SLIM y la posibilidad de ser utilizado como un indicador de ocio serio en las prácticas deportivas.The serious leisure explains the commitment and involvement in leisure practices in order to acquire and express the skills needed to carry them out. The SLIM (Serious Leisure Inventory and Measure) is an instrument used to the measure and evaluate of this concept. The main objective of this study is to analyze the psychometric characteristics and structural validity of the SLIM. Involved in the study 232 amateur sportspeople who were administered the 54-item version of SLIM. For the construct validity, theoretical models proposed by Gould, Moore, Karlin, Gaede, Walker and Dotterweich (2011) through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were tested. The measure model offered very appropriate fit index (χ²(9) = 15,23, p = ,087, χ²/df = 3,29, GFI = ,97, CFI = ,98, SRMR = ,04, RMSEA = ,05 [,02-,09]) with Composite Reliability index between ,71 and ,86. A second model, called inventory, initially did not have a good fit and was redefined getting a new three-factor model that adequately explain the serious leisure benefits (χ²(49) = 126,36, p <0,001, χ²/df = 2,86, GFI = ,92, CFI = ,93, SRMR = ,06, RMSEA = ,078 [,05-,10]). The study results show adequate psychometric characteristics of SLIM and the possibility of being used as an indicator of serious leisure in sports.O lazer sério explica o compromisso e envolvimento em práticas de lazer a fim de adquirir e expressar as habilidades necessárias para realizá-las. O SLIM (Serious Leisure Inventory and Measure) é um instrumento dedicado à avaliação deste conceito. O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar as propriedades psicométricas e a validade estrutural do SLIM. Participaram no estudo 232 desportistas amadores aos quais foi aplicada a versão de 54 itens do SLIM. Para a validade de constructo foram testados os modelos teóricos propostos por Gould, Moore, Karlin, Gaede, Walker e Dotterweich (2011) através de análise fatorial confirmatória (AFC). O modelo de medida ofereceu índices de ajuste muito apropriados (χ²(9) = 15,23, p = ,087, χ²/gl = 3,29, GFI = ,97, CFI = ,98, SRMR = ,04, RMSEA = ,05 [,02 a ,09]) com índices de confiabilidade composta entre ,71 e ,86. Um segundo modelo, chamado inventário, inicialmente, não teve um bom ajuste e foi redefinido obtendo-se um novo modelo de três fatores que explicam adequadamente os benefícios de lazer sério (χ²(49) = 126,36, p < ,001, χ²/gl = 2,86, GFI = ,92, CFI = ,93, SRMR = ,06, RMSEA = ,078 [,05 a ,10]). Os resultados do estudo mostram características psicométricas adequadas do SLIM e a possibilidade de ser utilizado como um indicador de lazer sério nos esportos

Analysis of the Barriers and Motives for Practicing Physical Activity and Sport for People with a Disability: Differences According to Gender and Type of Disability

The aim of the study was to analyse the perception of the barriers and motives for the practice of physical activity (PA) in people with a disability, according to gender and type of disability. The participants in this investigation were 103 people with a disability (33.25 ± 11.86 years) who were habitual users of PA or sports programmes. They completed the questionnaire Motives and Barriers for Physical Activity and Sport (MBAFD). The results showed that personal barriers were more important than environmental ones and that the most outstanding motives were those related to leisure, enjoyment or social aspects. Regarding gender, women perceived more barriers than men. For the people with physical (PD) and intellectual (ID) disabilities, the most common barriers were of an intrinsic nature, and for those with a visual disability (VD), barriers of an environmental nature. With respect to the motives, people with PD gave higher scores to the items related to aspects of physical improvement and rehabilitation. In contrast, people with ID and VD placed more importance on reasons of leisure, enjoyment and social relations. Knowledge of these findings can be a tool to help increase the provision of PA for people with a disability.This research has been funded through the University-Company-Society 2020 Project convened by the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) entitled “¡MUÉVETE, TU TAMBIÉN PUEDES! ANÁLISIS DE LA INCLUSIÓN DE PERSONAS CON DIVERSIDAD FUNCIONAL EN CONTEXTOS DE ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA (code US20/14)” and requested in collaboration with the Fundación GaituzSport Fundazioa

Development and validation of HERWIG 7 tunes from CMS underlying-event measurements

This paper presents new sets of parameters (“tunes”) for the underlying-event model of the HERWIG7 event generator. These parameters control the description of multiple-parton interactions (MPI) and colour reconnection in HERWIG7, and are obtained from a fit to minimum-bias data collected by the CMS experiment at s=0.9, 7, and 13Te. The tunes are based on the NNPDF 3.1 next-to-next-to-leading-order parton distribution function (PDF) set for the parton shower, and either a leading-order or next-to-next-to-leading-order PDF set for the simulation of MPI and the beam remnants. Predictions utilizing the tunes are produced for event shape observables in electron-positron collisions, and for minimum-bias, inclusive jet, top quark pair, and Z and W boson events in proton-proton collisions, and are compared with data. Each of the new tunes describes the data at a reasonable level, and the tunes using a leading-order PDF for the simulation of MPI provide the best description of the dat

MUSiC : a model-unspecific search for new physics in proton-proton collisions at root s=13TeV

Results of the Model Unspecific Search in CMS (MUSiC), using proton-proton collision data recorded at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1), are presented. The MUSiC analysis searches for anomalies that could be signatures of physics beyond the standard model. The analysis is based on the comparison of observed data with the standard model prediction, as determined from simulation, in several hundred final states and multiple kinematic distributions. Events containing at least one electron or muon are classified based on their final state topology, and an automated search algorithm surveys the observed data for deviations from the prediction. The sensitivity of the search is validated using multiple methods. No significant deviations from the predictions have been observed. For a wide range of final state topologies, agreement is found between the data and the standard model simulation. This analysis complements dedicated search analyses by significantly expanding the range of final states covered using a model independent approach with the largest data set to date to probe phase space regions beyond the reach of previous general searches.Peer reviewe

Search for new particles in events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A search is presented for new particles produced at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV, using events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 101 fb(-1), collected in 2017-2018 with the CMS detector. Machine learning techniques are used to define separate categories for events with narrow jets from initial-state radiation and events with large-radius jets consistent with a hadronic decay of a W or Z boson. A statistical combination is made with an earlier search based on a data sample of 36 fb(-1), collected in 2016. No significant excess of events is observed with respect to the standard model background expectation determined from control samples in data. The results are interpreted in terms of limits on the branching fraction of an invisible decay of the Higgs boson, as well as constraints on simplified models of dark matter, on first-generation scalar leptoquarks decaying to quarks and neutrinos, and on models with large extra dimensions. Several of the new limits, specifically for spin-1 dark matter mediators, pseudoscalar mediators, colored mediators, and leptoquarks, are the most restrictive to date.Peer reviewe

Measurement of prompt open-charm production cross sections in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

The production cross sections for prompt open-charm mesons in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13TeV are reported. The measurement is performed using a data sample collected by the CMS experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 29 nb(-1). The differential production cross sections of the D*(+/-), D-+/-, and D-0 ((D) over bar (0)) mesons are presented in ranges of transverse momentum and pseudorapidity 4 < p(T) < 100 GeV and vertical bar eta vertical bar < 2.1, respectively. The results are compared to several theoretical calculations and to previous measurements.Peer reviewe

Combined searches for the production of supersymmetric top quark partners in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A combination of searches for top squark pair production using proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1) collected by the CMS experiment, is presented. Signatures with at least 2 jets and large missing transverse momentum are categorized into events with 0, 1, or 2 leptons. New results for regions of parameter space where the kinematical properties of top squark pair production and top quark pair production are very similar are presented. Depending on themodel, the combined result excludes a top squarkmass up to 1325 GeV for amassless neutralino, and a neutralinomass up to 700 GeV for a top squarkmass of 1150 GeV. Top squarks with masses from 145 to 295 GeV, for neutralino masses from 0 to 100 GeV, with a mass difference between the top squark and the neutralino in a window of 30 GeV around the mass of the top quark, are excluded for the first time with CMS data. The results of theses searches are also interpreted in an alternative signal model of dark matter production via a spin-0 mediator in association with a top quark pair. Upper limits are set on the cross section for mediator particle masses of up to 420 GeV

Probing effective field theory operators in the associated production of top quarks with a Z boson in multilepton final states at root s=13 TeV

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Measurement of B-c(2S)(+) and B-c*(2S)(+) cross section ratios in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

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