Chiroptera, mid-Calima River basin, Pacific slope of the Western Andes, Valle del Cauca, Colombia

The Calima River Basin is part of the Chocó Biogeográfico Ecoregion in the Pacific Coast of Colombia. Here, we compile a bat species checklist recorded for the Basin and describe the bat diversity patterns found in the mid-Calima Basin (the gradient from 300 – 1,400 m a.s.l.). The checklist comprises 55 bat species for the Basin. In the mid-Calima, 31 bat species occur (permanently or seasonally). Our results show complementary diversity patterns of bat assemblages living below and above 1,000 m. We also identified an overlap zone between 800 – 1,200 m a.s.l. where at least three pairs of sister species coexists. The sampled area is located where the Chocó and the Andes biogeographical regions are connected. The Calima River Basin has high bat richness, high variation in species composition along the elevational gradient, and harbours threatened and endemic species, highlighting its importance for conservation.

Nuevo registro del murciélago rufo cara de perro Molossops Neglectus (chiroptera: molossidae) en Colombia

El murciélago Molossops neglectus ha sido registrado en pocas localidades a lo largo de su distribución. Se documenta el hallazgo de un individuo de la especie en un área urbana al sur del municipio Santiago de Cali, Colombia. M. neglectus había sido registrado previamente en Puerto Leguízamo (departamento Putumayo) y no había sido colectado hace más de 40 años en el país. Este registro extiende la distribución conocida de la especie al menos 450 km al noroccidente en Colombia, siendo el primero para un valle interandino en el país y el más occidental para la especie

Mamíferos (Synapsida, Theria) del Valle del Cauca, Colombia

A mammal's (Synapsida: Theria) checklist, of the department of Valle del Cauca (Colombia) is presented. A historical background is given about the expeditions and collections carried out in the department. The list includes species represented as museumsâ voucher specimens with the exception of some marine mammals. A total of 212 species belonging to 13 orders, 42 families, and 135 genera is presented. Similar to what happens at the national level the bats are the most diverse (98 species) order, followed by the rodents (47 species). Forty three species fall into some category of threat of IUCN or of CVC. Of these, 14 are included in any of the maximum categories (S1, CR, EN, VU), reason for which urgent efforts should be carried out to promote their conservation. As to the geographical distribution, 64 species have a distribution that includes the entire Department (CC, COVOC, COVOR, VG and PAC); 56 species are restricted to a single unit, which also has implications for the conservation efforts needed

Mamíferos (Synapsida, Theria) del Valle del Cauca, Colombia

A mammal's (Synapsida: Theria) checklist, of the department of Valle del Cauca (Colombia) is presented. A historical background is given about the expeditions and collections carried out in the department. The list includes species represented as museumsâ voucher specimens with the exception of some marine mammals. A total of 212 species belonging to 13 orders, 42 families, and 135 genera is presented. Similar to what happens at the national level the bats are the most diverse (98 species) order, followed by the rodents (47 species). Forty three species fall into some category of threat of IUCN or of CVC. Of these, 14 are included in any of the maximum categories (S1, CR, EN, VU), reason for which urgent efforts should be carried out to promote their conservation. As to the geographical distribution, 64 species have a distribution that includes the entire Department (CC, COVOC, COVOR, VG and PAC); 56 species are restricted to a single unit, which also has implications for the conservation efforts needed.Se presenta una lista de los mamíferos (Synapsida: Theria), del departamento del Valle del Cauca y un recuento histórico de las expediciones y colecciones realizadas en el departamento. Este trabajo sólo incluye especies que están representadas en museos por especímenes de referencia, con excepción de algunos mamíferos marinos. Se registran para el Valle del Cauca un total de 212 especies agrupadas en 13 órdenes, 42 familias y 135 géneros. Igual que ocurre a nivel nacional los murciélagos son el orden más diverso (98 especies), seguido de los roedores (47 especies). Cuarenta y tres especies se encuentran en alguna categoría de amenaza tanto de la UICN como de la CVC, de las cuales 14 están incluidas dentro de las máximas categorías (S1, CR, EN, VU) y recomendamos realizar esfuerzos urgentes para promover su conservación. Por último, con base en la distribución de las localidades de colecta, se analiza la distribución geográfica en las vertientes cordilleranas y las planicies del departamento. Un total de 64 especies tienen una distribución que incluye la totalidad del departamento (CC, COVOC, COVOR, VG, PAC), al tiempo que 56 especies están restringidas a una sola unidad

Noteworthy records of the birds Neomorphus radiolosus Sclater and Salvin, 1878 (Cuculiformes: Cuculidae), Geotrygon frenata (Tschudi, 1843) (Columbiformes: Columbidae) and Odontophorus hyperythrus Gould, 1858 (Galliformes: Odontophoridae) in the Western Cordillera of the Colombian Andes

We recorded the Banded Ground-cuckoo (Neomorphus radiolosus), White-throated Quail-Dove (Geotrygon frenata) and Chestnut Wood-Quail (Odontophorus hyperythrus) in the Pacific Slope of the Western Andes of Colombia. Records of N. radiolosus extend its geographic distribution 130 km north of its known range. The species had probably not been recorded yet because of its rarity and the absence of studies. Records of G. frenata and O. hyperythrus extend their lower altitudinal limit into 430 m and 1140 m, respectively. Camera trapping appears as promising tool for recording data of the distribution of bird species

Mamíferos del departamento de Risaralda, Colombia

Many researchers have documented mammalian diversity in the state of Risaralda; however, the information has not been consolidated nor updated due to changes in nomenclature. To construct the list presented here, a compilation of information from biological collections, scientific literature, and new records was made. The list contains 134 species of mammals from Risaralda, a number which is equivalent to 25 % of the mammal species of Colombia. Of these species, 12 species are endemic for Colombia and eight are in the categories of Critical, Endangered and Vulnerable. Bats are the richest group (59 spp.), and are followed by rodents (33 spp.), which are the group with the highest number of endemic species (8 spp.). Pereira, Santa Rosa de Cabal and Pueblo Rico are the richest municipalities, and are also those where most of the exploration and records are concentrated. In the municipalities Quinchía and Guática no records with support in scientific collections were found. Possibly, species richness will increase if the sampling effort in other locations are increased. This list will hopefully be useful in guiding future studies as well as management and conservation plans for species and areas.Decenas de investigadores han documentado los mamíferos del departamento de Risaralda. Sin embargo, estainformación no ha sido compilada ni actualizada, en razón de los cambios en la nomenclatura. Para la construcciónde esta lista, se recopiló información existente en colecciones biológicas, literatura científica y se adicionaronnuevos registros. La lista de mamíferos consolidada confirma 134 especies para Risaralda, que constituyen el25 % de las especies de mamíferos del país. De estas, 12 son endémicas para Colombia y ocho están en lascategorías Peligro Crítico, En Peligro y Vulnerable. Los murciélagos son el grupo con mayor riqueza (59 spp.)seguido de los roedores (33 spp.); estos últimos tienen el mayor número de especies endémicas (8 spp.). Lamayor riqueza se localiza en los municipios de Pereira, Santa Rosa de Cabal y Pueblo Rico, donde se concentrala mayor parte de la exploración y registros. En los municipios de Quinchía y Guática no se pudieron localizarregistros con respaldo en colecciones científicas. Es posible que la riqueza aumente cuando se incremente elesfuerzo de muestreo hacia otras localidades del departamento. Se espera que esta lista contribuya a direccionarfuturos estudios, así como planes de manejo y conservación tanto de especies como de áreas

Mamíferos del departamento de Risaralda, Colombia

Decenas de investigadores han documentado los mamíferos del departamento de Risaralda. Sin embargo, esta información no ha sido compilada ni actualizada, en razón de los cambios en la nomenclatura. Para la construcción de esta lista, se recopiló información existente en colecciones biológicas, literatura científica y se adicionaron nuevos registros. La lista de mamíferos consolidada confirma 134 especies para Risaralda, que constituyen el 25 % de las especies de mamíferos del país. De estas, 12 son endémicas para Colombia y ocho están en las categorías Peligro Crítico, En Peligro y Vulnerable. Los murciélagos son el grupo con mayor riqueza (59 spp.) seguido de los roedores (33 spp.); estos últimos tienen el mayor número de especies endémicas (8 spp.). La mayor riqueza se localiza en los municipios de Pereira, Santa Rosa de Cabal y Pueblo Rico, donde se concentra la mayor parte de la exploración y registros. En los municipios de Quinchía y Guática no se pudieron localizar registros con respaldo en colecciones científicas. Es posible que la riqueza aumente cuando se incremente el esfuerzo de muestreo hacia otras localidades del departamento. Se espera que esta lista contribuya a direccionar futuros estudios, así como planes de manejo y conservación tanto de especies como de áreas

The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since July 2014. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the fourteenth from SDSS overall (making this, Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes public data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (July 2014-2016). Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS); the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data driven machine learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS website (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release, and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be followed by SDSS-V.Comment: SDSS-IV collaboration alphabetical author data release paper. DR14 happened on 31st July 2017. 19 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by ApJS on 28th Nov 2017 (this is the "post-print" and "post-proofs" version; minor corrections only from v1, and most of errors found in proofs corrected

Calbindin-D32k Is Localized to a Subpopulation of Neurons in the Nervous System of the Sea Cucumber Holothuria glaberrima (Echinodermata)

Members of the calbindin subfamily serve as markers of subpopulations of neurons within the vertebrate nervous system. Although markers of these proteins are widely available and used, their application to invertebrate nervous systems has been very limited. In this study we investigated the presence and distribution of members of the calbindin subfamily in the sea cucumber Holothuria glaberrima (Selenka, 1867). Immunohistological experiments with antibodies made against rat calbindin 1, parvalbumin, and calbindin 2, showed that these antibodies labeled cells and fibers within the nervous system of H. glaberrima. Most of the cells and fibers were co-labeled with the neural-specific marker RN1, showing their neural specificity. These were distributed throughout all of the nervous structures, including the connective tissue plexi of the body wall and podia. Bioinformatics analyses of the possible antigen recognized by these markers showed that a calbindin 2-like protein present in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, corresponded to the calbindin-D32k previously identified in other invertebrates. Western blots with anti-calbindin 1 and anti-parvalbumin showed that these markers recognized an antigen of approximately 32 kDa in homogenates of radial nerve cords of H. glaberrima and Lytechinus variegatus. Furthermore, immunoreactivity with anti-calbindin 1 and anti-parvalbumin was obtained to a fragment of calbindin-D32k of H. glaberrima. Our findings suggest that calbindin-D32k is present in invertebrates and its sequence is more similar to the vertebrate calbindin 2 than to calbindin 1. Thus, characterization of calbindin-D32k in echinoderms provides an important view of the evolution of this protein family and represents a valuable marker to study the nervous system of invertebrates

Constraints on the structure and seasonal variations of Triton's atmosphere from the 5 October 2017 stellar occultation and previous observations

Context. A stellar occultation by Neptune's main satellite, Triton, was observed on 5 October 2017 from Europe, North Africa, and the USA. We derived 90 light curves from this event, 42 of which yielded a central flash detection. Aims. We aimed at constraining Triton's atmospheric structure and the seasonal variations of its atmospheric pressure since the Voyager 2 epoch (1989). We also derived the shape of the lower atmosphere from central flash analysis. Methods. We used Abel inversions and direct ray-tracing code to provide the density, pressure, and temperature profiles in the altitude range similar to 8 km to similar to 190 km, corresponding to pressure levels from 9 mu bar down to a few nanobars. Results. (i) A pressure of 1.18 +/- 0.03 mu bar is found at a reference radius of 1400 km (47 km altitude). (ii) A new analysis of the Voyager 2 radio science occultation shows that this is consistent with an extrapolation of pressure down to the surface pressure obtained in 1989. (iii) A survey of occultations obtained between 1989 and 2017 suggests that an enhancement in surface pressure as reported during the 1990s might be real, but debatable, due to very few high S/N light curves and data accessible for reanalysis. The volatile transport model analysed supports a moderate increase in surface pressure, with a maximum value around 2005-2015 no higher than 23 mu bar. The pressures observed in 1995-1997 and 2017 appear mutually inconsistent with the volatile transport model presented here. (iv) The central flash structure does not show evidence of an atmospheric distortion. We find an upper limit of 0.0011 for the apparent oblateness of the atmosphere near the 8 km altitude.J.M.O. acknowledges financial support from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) and the European Social Fund (ESF) through the PhD grant SFRH/BD/131700/2017. The work leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Community's H2020 2014-2021 ERC grant Agreement nffi 669416 "Lucky Star". We thank S. Para who supported some travels to observe the 5 October 2017 occultation. T.B. was supported for this research by an appointment to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Post-Doctoral Program at the Ames Research Center administered by Universities Space Research Association (USRA) through a contract with NASA. We acknowledge useful exchanges with Mark Gurwell on the ALMA CO observations. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium).Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. J.L.O., P.S.-S., N.M. and R.D. acknowledge financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the "Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa" award to the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (SEV-2017-0709), they also acknowledge the financial support by the Spanish grant AYA-2017-84637-R and the Proyecto de Excelencia de la Junta de Andalucia J.A. 2012-FQM1776. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, under Grant Agreement no. 687378, as part of the project "Small Bodies Near and Far" (SBNAF). P.S.-S. acknowledges financial support by the Spanish grant AYA-RTI2018-098657-J-I00 "LEO-SBNAF". The work was partially based on observations made at the Laboratorio Nacional de Astrofisica (LNA), Itajuba-MG, Brazil. The following authors acknowledge the respective CNPq grants: F.B.-R. 309578/2017-5; R.V.-M. 304544/2017-5, 401903/2016-8; J.I.B.C. 308150/2016-3 and 305917/2019-6; M.A. 427700/20183, 310683/2017-3, 473002/2013-2. This study was financed in part by the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior -Brasil (CAPES) -Finance Code 001 and the National Institute of Science and Technology of the e-Universe project (INCT do e-Universo, CNPq grant 465376/2014-2). G.B.R. acknowledges CAPES-FAPERJ/PAPDRJ grant E26/203.173/2016 and CAPES-PRINT/UNESP grant 88887.571156/2020-00, M.A. FAPERJ grant E26/111.488/2013 and A.R.G.Jr. FAPESP grant 2018/11239-8. B.E.M. thanks CNPq 150612/2020-6 and CAPES/Cofecub-394/2016-05 grants. Part of the photometric data used in this study were collected in the frame of the photometric observations with the robotic and remotely controlled telescope at the University of Athens Observatory (UOAO; Gazeas 2016). The 2.3 m Aristarchos telescope is operated on Helmos Observatory by the Institute for Astronomy, Astrophysics, Space Applications and Remote Sensing of the National Observatory of Athens. Observations with the 2.3 m Aristarchos telescope were carried out under OPTICON programme. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 730890. This material reflects only the authors views and the Commission is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. The 1. 2m Kryoneri telescope is operated by the Institute for Astronomy, Astrophysics, Space Applications and Remote Sensing of the National Observatory of Athens. The Astronomical Observatory of the Autonomous Region of the Aosta Valley (OAVdA) is managed by the Fondazione Clement Fillietroz-ONLUS, which is supported by the Regional Government of the Aosta Valley, the Town Municipality of Nus and the "Unite des Communes valdotaines Mont-Emilius". The 0.81 m Main Telescope at the OAVdA was upgraded thanks to a Shoemaker NEO Grant 2013 from The Planetary Society. D.C. and J.M.C. acknowledge funds from a 2017 'Research and Education' grant from Fondazione CRT-Cassa di Risparmio di Torino. P.M. acknowledges support from the Portuguese Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia ref. PTDC/FISAST/29942/2017 through national funds and by FEDER through COMPETE 2020 (ref. POCI010145 FEDER007672). F.J. acknowledges Jean Luc Plouvier for his help. S.J.F. and C.A. would like to thank the UCL student support observers: Helen Dai, Elise Darragh-Ford, Ross Dobson, Max Hipperson, Edward Kerr-Dineen, Isaac Langley, Emese Meder, Roman Gerasimov, Javier Sanjuan, and Manasvee Saraf. We are grateful to the CAHA, OSN and La Hita Observatory staffs. This research is partially based on observations collected at Centro Astronomico HispanoAleman (CAHA) at Calar Alto, operated jointly by Junta de Andalucia and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IAA-CSIC). This research was also partially based on observation carried out at the Observatorio de Sierra Nevada (OSN) operated by Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (CSIC). This article is also based on observations made with the Liverpool Telescope operated on the island of La Palma by Liverpool John Moores University in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias with financial support from the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council. Partially based on observations made with the Tx40 and Excalibur telescopes at the Observatorio Astrofisico de Javalambre in Teruel, a Spanish Infraestructura Cientifico-Tecnica Singular (ICTS) owned, managed and operated by the Centro de Estudios de Fisica del Cosmos de Aragon (CEFCA). Tx40 and Excalibur are funded with the Fondos de Inversiones de Teruel (FITE). A.R.R. would like to thank Gustavo Roman for the mechanical adaptation of the camera to the telescope to allow for the observation to be recorded. R.H., J.F.R., S.P.H. and A.S.L. have been supported by the Spanish projects AYA2015-65041P and PID2019-109467GB-100 (MINECO/FEDER, UE) and Grupos Gobierno Vasco IT1366-19. Our great thanks to Omar Hila and their collaborators in Atlas Golf Marrakech Observatory for providing access to the T60cm telescope. TRAPPIST is a project funded by the Belgian Fonds (National) de la Recherche Scientifique (F.R.S.-FNRS) under grant PDR T.0120.21. TRAPPIST-North is a project funded by the University of Liege, and performed in collaboration with Cadi Ayyad University of Marrakesh. E.J. is a FNRS Senior Research Associate