METODOLOGÍA PARA EL DESARROLLO DEL PENSAMIENTO LÓGICO EN LOS ESTUDIANTES DESDE LA FILOSOFÍA

This material argues the need for a methodology for the development of logical thinking in students from Philosophy by offering actions to proceed to teachers and students, to teach thinking and learn to think logically. It can be adapted to the needs and potentialities of the protagonists, due to its flexible and contextualized character. Its logical character expresses the need to incorporate in the process of teaching and learning, from the dialectic relationship of the deductive and deductive-inductive, generalizations of different levels of reflection of reality, those derived from previous knowledge, experiences, experiences and philosophical theories. Its transformative character allows changes in the students' cognitive activity, which are reflected in the apprehension of the content of a philosophical nature with a logical sense and its meaning in the search for solutions to the problems that originate in the different contexts.En el presente material se argumenta la necesidad de una metodología para el desarrollo del pensamiento lógico en los estudiantes desde la Filosofía al ofrecer acciones de proceder a docentes y estudiantes, para enseñar a pensar y aprender a pensar con sentido lógico. Puede adecuarse a las necesidades y potencialidades de los protagonistas, por su carácter flexible y contextualizado. Su carácter lógico desarrollador expresa, la necesidad de incorporar en el proceso de enseñar y aprender, desde la relación dialéctica de lo inductivo deductivo y lo deductivo inductivo, generalizaciones de diferentes niveles de reflejo de la realidad, las derivadas de los conocimientos previos, las experiencias, vivencias y las teóricas filosóficas. Su carácter transformador permite cambios en la actividad cognoscitiva de los estudiantes, que se reflejan en la aprehensión del contenido de naturaleza filosófica con sentido lógico y su significado en la búsqueda de soluciones a las problemáticas que se originan en los diferentes contextos

Electrochemical Instrumentation of an Embedded Potentiostat System (EPS) for a Programmable-System-On-a-Chip

Under the main features required on portable devices in electrochemical instrumentation is to have a small size, low power consumption, economically affordable and precision in the measurements. This paper describes the development of a programmable Embedded Potentiostat System (EPS) capable of performing electrochemical sensing over system-on-a-chip platforms. Furthermore, the study explains a circuit design and develops some validation of the entire system. The hardware validation is performed by electrochemical experiments such as Double Step Chronoamperometry (DSC), Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV) and Cyclic Voltammetry (CV); moreover, a comparison of the experimental signals between a commercial potentiostat and the EPS was done by analysis of errors on the response signal. Results illustrate that the EPS is capable of handling currents in the range of absolute values of 86.44 to 3000 nA and having control voltages in the range of ± 2 V. The device can support from 50 to 2000 samples per second. The EPS capabilities were compared with other compact potentiostats. The programmable EPS is an original approach which hugely reduces the hardware complexity and leads the way to create new applications for Point-of-Care or industrial developments with a reusable full electronics module

Randomized controlled trial evaluating the benefit of a novel clinical decision support system for the management of COVID-19 patients in home quarantine: A study protocol

Producción Científica(1) Background: We present the protocol of a randomized controlled trial designed to evaluate the benefit of a novel clinical decision support system for the management of patients with COVID-19. (2) Methods: The study will recruit up to 500 participants (250 cases and 250 controls). Both groups will receive the conventional telephone follow-up protocol by primary care and will also be provided with access to a mobile application, in which they will be able to report their symptoms three times a day. In addition, patients in the active group will receive a wearable smartwatch and a pulse oximeter at home for real-time monitoring. The measured data will be visualized by primary care and emergency health service professionals, allowing them to detect in real time the progression and complications of the disease in order to promote early therapeutic interventions based on their clinical judgement. (3) Results: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Drug Research Ethics Committee of the Valladolid East Health Area (CASVE-NM-21-516). The results obtained from this study will form part of the thesis of two PhD students and will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal. (4) Conclusions: The implementation of this telemonitoring system can be extrapolated to patients with other similar diseases, such as chronic diseases, with a high prevalence and need for close monitoring.Junta de Castilla y León e Instituto de Salud Carlos III - (grant COV20/00539

La politización del discurso publicitario

Traditionally, advertising discourse has been considered distinct from politics, in particular by Verón and Charaudeau. The discursive tradition that follows these authors defined advertising as the short-term intentionality of encouraging the immediate consumption of goods from a discursive strategy based on a target logic that is, by definition, opposite to the possibility of referring to –if no longer managing– large identity groups. However, during this research, we found examples that refute this hypothesis at several levels. It has been suggested the possibility of thinking of brands as entities that give the illusion of the existence of a long-term personality and intentionality (denying the hypothesis of short-term ephemerality of advertising discourse). Ruptures of the structural order may be accounted for, especially related to the adversary –which is proposed as a differential feature of the political area. They are also identified in a discourse where the brands take over a superior value that exceeds them as a consumable product –for example, the idea of authenticity–, and they are even proposed as critical political enunciators and adversaries of the entire advertising system. Finally, and as a special case of this strategy, some examples have been found in which brands specifically appropriate the value us. These examples account for a process of politicization of advertising that goes beyond the political mediatization denounced by Verón: it is not only that the political recedes by appealing more and more frequently to a media-advertising logic, but advertising advances on the political domain appropriating the ability to manage certain systems of circulation of ideas that are necessary for the long-term management of identity groups. This phenomenon is not new, nor is its denouncement. However, it has been tried to contribute to its understanding by making reference to its discursive aspects. The research aimed to make a challenging and renewed reading of the discursive tradition, one that seeks to build bridges between the approaches on the political and the advertising areas, providing the elements necessary for a better understanding of the evolution, not only of the communicational-discursive framework, but also of the structural intentions that give it shape.Tradicionalmente, el discurso publicitario ha sido planteado como distinto de lo político, en particular por Verón y Charaudeau. La tradición discursivista, que sigue a estos autores, definió lo publicitario como propio de la intencionalidad cortoplacista de incentivar el consumo inmediato de bienes desde una estrategia discursiva apalancada en una lógica del target que es, por definición, contraria a la posibilidad de referir –si ya no a gestionar– los grandes colectivos identitarios. Sin embargo, durante esta investigación, se encontraron ejemplos que refutan esta hipótesis en varios niveles. Se ha sugerido la posibilidad de pensar en las marcas como entidades que dan la ilusión de la existencia de una personalidad e intencionalidad largoplacistas (negando la hipótesis de la efimeridad cortoplacista del discurso publicitario). Se dio cuenta de rupturas del orden de lo estructural, sobre todo alrededor de lo adversatario –que es propuesto como característica diferencial de lo político–. Se identificaron, también, puestas en discurso donde las marcas se apropian de un valor superior que las excede como producto consumible –por ejemplo, la idea de autenticidad –y hasta las propone como enunciantes políticos críticos y adversarios de todo el sistema publicitario. Por último, y como caso particular de esta estrategia, se encontraron ejemplos donde las marcas se apropian específicamente del valor nosotros. Estos ejemplos dan cuenta de un proceso de politización de lo publicitario que va más allá de la mediatización de lo político denunciado por Verón: no es solo que lo político retroceda al apelar cada vez más frecuentemente a una lógica mediático-publicitaria, sino que lo publicitario avanza sobre lo político apropiándose de la capacidad de gestión de ciertos sistemas de circulación de ideas que son necesarios para la gestión largoplacista de los colectivos identitarios. Este fenómeno no es nuevo, como tampoco lo es su denuncia. Sin embargo, se ha intentado contribuir a su entendimiento mediante la referencia a los aspectos discursivos de dicho fenómeno. La investigación se propuso realizar una lectura desafiante y renovada de la tradición discursivista que busque construir puentes entre los abordajes sobre lo político y lo publicitario, aportando elementos para una mejor comprensión de la evolución, no solo del entramado comunicacional-discursivo, sino también de las intencionalidades estructurales que le dan forma

Metodología de internacionalización de material docente basada en el uso de Markdown y Pandoc

La internacionalización de la docencia ofrece grandes oportunidades para la Universidad, pero también plantea retos significativos para estudiantes y profesores. En particular, la creación y mantenimiento efectivo del material docente de una asignatura impartida simultáneamente en varios idiomas y con alto grado de coordinación entre los distintos grupos de la misma (p.ej., examen final/prácticas comunes para todos los estudiantes) puede suponer un importante desafío para los profesores. Para hacer frente a este problema, hemos diseñado una estrategia específica para la creación y gestión de material docente en dual (p.ej., inglés-español), y desarrollado un conjunto de herramientas multiplataforma para ponerla en práctica. La idea general es mantener en un mismo fichero de texto el contenido del documento que se desee construir en ambos idiomas, proporcionando justo detrás de cada párrafo y título en uno de los idiomas su traducción al otro idioma, empleando delimitadores especiales. Para crear estos documentos duales se emplea Markdown, un lenguaje de marcado ligero, que dada su sencillez y versatilidad está teniendo una rápida adopción por un amplio espectro de profesionales: desde escritores de novelas o periodistas, hasta administradores de sitios web. A partir de los documentos duales creados con Markdown, es posible generar automáticamente el documento final para cada idioma en el formato deseado que se pondrá a disposición de los estudiantes. Para esta tarea, nos basamos en el uso de la herramienta Pandoc, que permite realizar la conversión de documentos Markdown a una gran cantidad de formatos, como PDF, docx (Microsoft Word), EPUB (libro electrónico) o HTML. Como parte de nuestro proyecto, hemos creado extensiones de Pandoc para permitir la creación de documentos duales en Markdown y para aumentar la expresividad de este lenguaje con construcciones comunmente utilizadas en documentos de carácter docente

A comprehensive database for integrated analysis of omics data in autoimmune diseases

This work is partially funded by FEDER/Junta de Andalucia-Consejeria de Economia y Conocimiento (Grant CV20-36723), Consejeria de Salud (Grant PI-0173-2017) and by EU/EFPIA Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking PRECISESADS (115565). JMM is partially funded by Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad. None of the funding bodies played any role in the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data nor in writing the manuscript.Background: Autoimmune diseases are heterogeneous pathologies with difficult diagnosis and few therapeutic options. In the last decade, several omics studies have provided significant insights into the molecular mechanisms of these diseases. Nevertheless, data from different cohorts and pathologies are stored independently in public repositories and a unified resource is imperative to assist researchers in this field. Results: Here, we present Autoimmune Diseases Explorer (https:// adex. genyo. es), a database that integrates 82 curated transcriptomics and methylation studies covering 5609 samples for some of the most common autoimmune diseases. The database provides, in an easy-to-use environment, advanced data analysis and statistical methods for exploring omics datasets, including meta-analysis, differential expression or pathway analysis. Conclusions: This is the first omics database focused on autoimmune diseases. This resource incorporates homogeneously processed data to facilitate integrative analyses among studies.FEDER/Junta de Andalucia-Consejeria de Economia y Conocimiento CV20-36723Consejeria de Salud PI-0173-2017EU/EFPIA Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking PRECISESADS 115565Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitivida

A chromosome-level genome assembly enables the identification of the follicule stimulating hormone receptor as the master sex-determining gene in the flatfish Solea senegalensis

Sex determination (SD) shows huge variation among fish and a high evolutionary rate, as illustrated by the Pleuronectiformes (flatfishes). This order is characterized by its adaptation to demersal life, compact genomes and diversity of SD mechanisms. Here, we assembled the Solea senegalensis genome, a flatfish of great commercial value, into 82 contigs (614 Mb) combining long- and short-read sequencing, which were next scaffolded using a highly dense genetic map (28,838 markers, 21 linkage groups), representing 98.9% of the assembly. Further, we established the correspondence between the assembly and the 21 chromosomes by using BAC-FISH. Whole genome resequencing of six males and six females enabled the identification of 41 single nucleotide polymorphism variants in the follicle stimulating hormone receptor (fshr) consistent with an XX/XY SD system. The observed sex association was validated in a broader independent sample, providing a novel molecular sexing tool. The fshr gene displayed differential expression between male and female gonads from 86 days post-fertilization, when the gonad is still an undifferentiated primordium, concomitant with the activation of amh and cyp19a1a, testis and ovary marker genes, respectively, in males and females. The Y-linked fshr allele, which included 24 nonsynonymous variants and showed a highly divergent 3D protein structure, was overexpressed in males compared to the X-linked allele at all stages of gonadal differentiation. We hypothesize a mechanism hampering the action of the follicle stimulating hormone driving the undifferentiated gonad toward testisEuropean Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement (AQUA-FAANG). Grant Number: 81792. Junta de Andalucía-FEDER Grant. Grant Number: P20-00938. Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, FEDER Grants. Grant Numbers: RTI2018-096847-B-C21, RTI2018-096847-B-C22S

A genome-wide association study follow-up suggests a possible role for PPARG in systemic sclerosis susceptibility

Introduction: A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) comprising a French cohort of systemic sclerosis (SSc) reported several non-HLA single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) showing a nominal association in the discovery phase. We aimed to identify previously overlooked susceptibility variants by using a follow-up strategy.<p></p> Methods: Sixty-six non-HLA SNPs showing a P value <10-4 in the discovery phase of the French SSc GWAS were analyzed in the first step of this study, performing a meta-analysis that combined data from the two published SSc GWASs. A total of 2,921 SSc patients and 6,963 healthy controls were included in this first phase. Two SNPs, PPARG rs310746 and CHRNA9 rs6832151, were selected for genotyping in the replication cohort (1,068 SSc patients and 6,762 healthy controls) based on the results of the first step. Genotyping was performed by using TaqMan SNP genotyping assays. Results: We observed nominal associations for both PPARG rs310746 (PMH = 1.90 × 10-6, OR, 1.28) and CHRNA9 rs6832151 (PMH = 4.30 × 10-6, OR, 1.17) genetic variants with SSc in the first step of our study. In the replication phase, we observed a trend of association for PPARG rs310746 (P value = 0.066; OR, 1.17). The combined overall Mantel-Haenszel meta-analysis of all the cohorts included in the present study revealed that PPARG rs310746 remained associated with SSc with a nominal non-genome-wide significant P value (PMH = 5.00 × 10-7; OR, 1.25). No evidence of association was observed for CHRNA9 rs6832151 either in the replication phase or in the overall pooled analysis.<p></p> Conclusion: Our results suggest a role of PPARG gene in the development of SSc

Seminario de Economía Mexicana

Serie de ponencias referentes al Seminario de Economía Mexicana. Memorias del Seminario de Economía Mexicana de 199

Multicentric study of cervical cancer screening with human papillomavirus testing and assessment of triage methods in Latin America : the ESTAMPA screening study protocol

Q1Q1Introduction Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing is replacing cytology in primary screening. Its limited specificity demands using a second (triage) test to better identify women at high-risk of cervical disease. Cytology represents the immediate triage but its low sensitivity might hamper HPV testing sensitivity, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), where cytology performance has been suboptimal. The ESTAMPA (EStudio multicéntrico de TAMizaje y triaje de cáncer de cuello uterino con pruebas del virus del PApiloma humano; Spanish acronym) study will: (1) evaluate the performance of different triage techniques to detect cervical precancer and (2) inform on how to implement HPV-based screening programmes in LMIC. Methods and analysis Women aged 30–64 years are screened with HPV testing and Pap across 12 study centres in Latin America. Screened positives have colposcopy with biopsy and treatment of lesions. Women with no evident disease are recalled 18 months later for another HPV test; those HPV-positive undergo colposcopy with biopsy and treatment as needed. Biological specimens are collected in different visits for triage testing, which is not used for clinical management. The study outcome is histological high-grade squamous intraepithelial or worse lesions (HSIL+) under the lower anogenital squamous terminology. About 50 000 women will be screened and 500 HSIL+ cases detected (at initial and 18 months screening). Performance measures (sensitivity, specificity and predictive values) of triage techniques to detect HSIL+ will be estimated and compared with adjustment by age and study centre. Ethics and dissemination The study protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), of the Pan American Health Organisation (PAHO) and by those in each participating centre. A Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) has been established to monitor progress of the study, assure participant safety, advice on scientific conduct and analysis and suggest protocol improvements. Study findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific meetings. Trial registration number NCT01881659Revista Internacional - Indexad