Procedimientos para la cortesía en la converasción coloquial en español

A significant bulk of pragmatic research with regard to politeness deals with the speakers’ performance of polite and impolite speech acts, and the strategies employed in order to reinforce me former (face-flattering acts) and mitigate the latter (face-threatening acts). Each of these strategies are related to positive and negative politeness respectively. At any rate, it should be emphasized that any classification of speech acts according to the degree of politeness must take into account cultural and contextual variation. My analysis of such strategies in colloquial conversation is, consequently, framed within Spanish culture parameters.Una gran parte de los estudios pragmáticos en tomo a la cortesía versa sobre cómo los hablantes producimos actos corteses o descorteses y qué estrategias utilizamos tanto para maximizar los primeros (actos agradadores de la imagen) como para minimizar los segundos (actos amenazadores de la imagen). Ambos tipos de estrategias se corresponden con la cortesía positiva y negativa, respectivamente. No obstante, es necesario insistir en que cualquier clasificación de los actos de habla y su grado de cortesía debe tener en cuenta las variaciones de tipo cultural y contextual. El análisis que llevaremos a cabo de estas estrategias y las pertinentes conclusiones se centran, por tanto, en una cultura, la española y en un contexto concreto, la conversación coloquial

SOCIAL PERCEPTION AND MEDIA DISCOURSE IN IMMIGRATION IN SPAIN

Knowledge of migration and its implications requires a thorough analysis and rationality in addressing their multiple variables and their many interrelationships. In the field of migration, the journalistic discourse has made too many simplifications that have somehow disrupted and distorted the reality of the phenomenon. Racism is generally associated with highly polarized political or ideological positions and middle-low social classes, who continue to defend the stale traditional European biological racism. However, authors such as Van Dijk have introduced another form of racism, which they call "discursive racism", which is based on the discursive practices of the elite, be they private individuals or institutions, and is legitimized by the leadership or credibility of their promoters. This discourse is transmitted multiple avenues such as parliamentary debates, news releases, bureaucratic documents, the language used by the authorities or even textbooks in schools and universities. Some of its traits are: positive self-representation and negative presentation of the other, exhaustively denying racism or at least mitigating it, controlled discourses of minorities, which are practically in the hands of white elites and emphasizing the negative aspects and paying attention to the problems and needs of immigrants. In order to decipher the different view points shown in the media coverage of immigration, we performed an analysis of the press using the methodology of discourse analysis, referring to the classic works of Foucault, Bardin, and of contemporary scholars such as M. Stubbs, J. Lozano, Van Dijk, etc. We observed the presence of two ambivalent points of view. One is more suspicious or unwilling to accept immigration and its various implications, socioeconomic and cultural and the other shows a more proactive, tolerant and favorable attitude towards immigration. In this research, thorough analysis of El Mundo and El Pais (representative of Spanish opinions) was conducted. Among them, we became aware of the presence of an assertive discourse, which is generated and transmitted by "them" for the outgroup, which is generally perceived as a destabilizing and uncomfortable point of view that is often diminished or limited through the medias broadcastings. The discourse is occasionally used hyperbolically to exalt the attitudes ingroup solidarity, but ignoring or reducing the impact of the contents found within the discourse endorsed by the involved parties. It is commonplace to find an attenuated or exculpatory treatment of hate speech. It is also common to hear arguments that may justify certain behaviors, as well as the identification of these positions and behaviors with a minority

Self interest and justice principle

We introduce non-enforceable property rights over bargaining surplus in a dictator game with production, in which the effort of the agents is differentially rewarded. Using experimental data we elicit individual preferences over the egalitarian, the accountability and the libertarian principle and provide evidence to support the inability of these justice principles to account for the observed behavior. Although this finding is consistent with the idea of individuals interpreting justice principles differently, we show that dictators behave self-interested concerning redistribution and choose which justice principle best maximizes their own payoff. We interpret this result as the justice norm imposing a constraint on otherwise self-maximizing agents.dictator game, justice principles, self-interest, self-serving bias.

Above threshold s-wave resonances illustrated by the 1/2+^+ states in 9^9Be and 9^9B

We solve the persistent problem of the structure of the lowest $1/2^+$ resonance in $^9$Be which is important to bridge the A=8 gap in nucleosynthesis in stars. We show that the state is a genuine three-body resonance even though it decays entirely into neutron-$^8$Be relative s-waves. The necessary barrier is created by "dynamical" evolution of the wave function as the short-distance $\alpha$-$^5$He structure is changed into the large-distance n-$^8$Be structure. This decay mechanism leads to a width about two times smaller than table values. The previous interpretations as a virtual state or a two-body resonance are incorrect. The isobaric analog 1/2$^+$ state in $^9$B is found to have energy and width in the vicinity of 2.0 MeV and 1.5 MeV, respectively. We also predict another 1/2$^+$ resonance in $^9$B with similar energy and width.Comment: To be published in Physics Letters

Assesment Systems in teaching

Los sistemas de evaluación en docencia para la carrera de medicina así como otras áreas y grados educativos desarrollados por la necesidad de saber si los estudiantes o residentes realmente están “aprendiendo”, si realmente adquieren los conocimientos, actitudes, competencias y valores necesarios para desalarse con éxito en su contexto geo social y para ser parte de una comunidad, han sido cuestionados al interior de su origen, estructura, así como a quienes los desarrollan y aplican debido a la frecuente disociación entre del contenido teórico y el práctico de la enseñanza, que han impedido una evaluación integral que por consiguiente no refleja el nivel real de aprendizaje del alumno en este caso, del médico en formación o graduado así como del especialista en formación (residente) quienes en sus diferentes etapas formativas han sido expuestos a subjetividad por parte del profesor. Estos procesos y métodos de evaluación con la aplicación de educación basada en competencias pueden mejorar la enseñanza y su evaluación en beneficio del estudiante, médico y usuario.Assessment systems in teaching for a career like medicine and other areas with different educational levels have been questioned within their origin, structure , those who developed and applied due to the frequent dissociation between the theoretical content and practical teaching, that have prevented a comprehensive assessment therefore does not reflect the actual level of student learning in this case, the physician in training or graduate and specialist training ( resident) who in their different stages of formation have been exposed to subjectivity by teacher . These processes and methods of evaluating the implementation of competency-based education can improve teaching and assessment to benefit the student, medical and use

Few-body decay and recombination in nuclear astrophysics

Three-body continuum problems are investigated for light nuclei of astrophysical relevance. We focus on three-body decays of resonances or recombination via resonances or the continuum background. The concepts of widths, decay mechanisms and dynamic evolution are discussed. We also discuss results for the triple $\alpha$ decay in connection with $2^+$ resonances and density and temperature dependence rates of recombination into light nuclei from $\alpha$-particles and neutrons.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures. Proceedings of the 21st European Few Body Conference held in Salamanca (Spain) in August-September 201