Pulse phase-coherent timing and spectroscopy of CXOU J164710.2−45521 outbursts

We present a long-term phase-coherent timing analysis and pulse-phase resolved spectroscopy for the two outbursts observed from the transient anomalous X-ray pulsar CXOU J164710.2−455216. For the first outburst we used 11 Chandra and XMM–Newton observations between 2006 September and 2009 August, the longest baseline yet for this source. We obtain a coherent timing solution with P = 10.61065583(4) s, Ṗ = 9.72(1) × 10−13 s s−1 and P̈ = –1.05(5) × 10−20 s s−2. Under the standard assumptions this implies a surface dipolar magnetic field of ∼1014 G, confirming this source as a standard B magnetar. We also study the evolution of the pulse profile (shape, intensity and pulsed fraction) as a function of time and energy. Using the phase-coherent timing solution we perform a phase-resolved spectroscopy analysis, following the spectral evolution of pulse-phase features, which hints at the physical processes taking place on the star. The results are discussed from the perspective of magnetothermal evolution models and the untwisting magnetosphere model. Finally, we present similar analysis for the second, less intense, 2011 outburst. For the timing analysis we used Swift data together with 2 XMM–Newton and Chandra pointings. The results inferred for both outbursts are compared and briefly discussed in a more general framework.DV was supported by the grants AYA 2010-21097-C03-02, ACOMP/2012/135, AYA 2012-39303 and SGR 2009-811. NR was supported by a Vidi NWO grant, Ramon y Cajal Fellowship, AYA 2012-39303 and SGR 2009-811

The outburst decay of the low magnetic field magnetar SWIFT J1822.3−1606: phase-resolved analysis and evidence for a variable cyclotron feature

We study the timing and spectral properties of the low-magnetic field, transient magnetar SWIFT J1822.3−1606 as it approached quiescence. We coherently phase-connect the observations over a time-span of ∼500 d since the discovery of SWIFT J1822.3−1606 following the Swift-Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) trigger on 2011 July 14, and carried out a detailed pulse phase spectroscopy along the outburst decay. We follow the spectral evolution of different pulse phase intervals and find a phase and energy-variable spectral feature, which we interpret as proton cyclotron resonant scattering of soft photon from currents circulating in a strong (≳1014 G) small-scale component of the magnetic field near the neutron star surface, superimposed to the much weaker (∼3 × 1013 G) magnetic field. We discuss also the implications of the pulse-resolved spectral analysis for the emission regions on the surface of the cooling magnetar

The discovery, monitoring and environment of SGR J1935+2154

We report on the discovery of a new member of the magnetar class, SGR J1935+2154, and on its timing and spectral properties measured by an extensive observational campaign carried out between 2014 July and 2015 March with Chandra and XMM–Newton (11 pointings). We discovered the spin period of SGR J1935+2154 through the detection of coherent pulsations at a period of about 3.24 s. The magnetar is slowing down at a rate of P˙=1.43(1)×10−11 s s−1 and with a decreasing trend due to a negative P¨ of −3.5(7) × 10−19 s s−2. This implies a surface dipolar magnetic field strength of ∼2.2 × 1014 G, a characteristic age of about 3.6 kyr and a spin-down luminosity Lsd ∼1.7 × 1034 erg s−1. The source spectrum is well modelled by a blackbody with temperature of about 500 eV plus a power-law component with photon index of about 2. The source showed a moderate long-term variability, with a flux decay of about 25 per cent during the first four months since its discovery, and a re-brightening of the same amount during the second four months. The X-ray data were also used to study the source environment. In particular, we discovered a diffuse emission extending on spatial scales from about 1 arcsec up to at least 1 arcmin around SGR J1935+2154 both in Chandra and XMM–Newton data. This component is constant in flux (at least within uncertainties) and its spectrum is well modelled by a power-law spectrum steeper than that of the pulsar. Though a scattering halo origin seems to be more probable we cannot exclude that part, or all, of the diffuse emission is due to a pulsar wind nebula.NR is supported by an NWO Vidi Grant, and by grants AYA2012-39303 and SGR2014-1073. This work is partially supported by the European COST ActionMP1304 (NewCOMPSTAR)

Indicadores de sustentabilidad para la pesquería de curvina golfina Cynoscion othonopterus en el Alto Golfo de California

The Upper Gulf of California and Colorado River Delta is a zone which is immersed in an ecological, economic, political and social conflict. That is because of the Totoaba Totoaba macdonaldi illegal fishing and the Vaquita Phocoena sinus potential extinction. This issue has driven to ban all the region's fisheries with the exception of the Gulf corvina Cynoscion othonopterus which is the only of the finfish species with operating license. Therefore, the main objetive was to evaluate the fishery's health condition through the Froese sustainability indicators in Upper Gulf of California during 2008, 2013, 2014 and 2015 fishing seasons. The results showed that the Gulf corvina annual production ratio showed fluctuations, highlighting in the 2012-2016 period, when the whole fishing captures with the exception of 2014, surpassed the established quota by the National Institute of Fishery (Instituto Nacional de Pesca). The size-at-maturity were: 2008= L50: 502 mm (IC= 490-514 mm), 2013= L50: 559 mm (IC= 544-576 mm), 2014= L50: 499 mm (IC= 476-518 mm), and 2015= L50: 480 mm (IC= 445-510 mm). Based on the sustainability indicators, it is demonstrated that the Gulf corvina fishery is directed towards the organisms of greater length (mega-spawners). Finally it is concluded that Gulf corvina currently shows problems of over-exploitation and therefore its exploitation is not sustainable. This suggests the need to make adjustments and updates to current management measures.El Alto Golfo de California y Delta del Río Colorado es un área que se encuentra inmersa en un conflicto ecológico, económico, político y social debido a la pesca ilegal de totoaba Totoaba macdonaldi y la posible extinción de vaquita marina Phocoena sinus. Esto último ha provocado el cierre de todas las pesquerías en la región salvo la de curvina golfina Cynoscion othonopterus la cual es la única especie con permiso de explotación. Por lo tanto, el objetivo principal fue evaluar el estado de salud de la pesquería mediante los indicadores de sustentabilidad de Froese en el Alto Golfo de California durante las temporadas de pesca 2008, 2013, 2014 y 2015. Los resultados mostraron que la producción anual de curvina golfina presenta fluctuaciones, resaltando el periodo 2012-2016, donde las capturas totales con excepción de 2014, sobrepasaron la cuota de captura establecida por el Instituto Nacional de la Pesca. La longitud de madurez para los años estudiados fueron: 2008= L50: 502 mm (IC= 490-514 mm), 2013= L50: 559 mm (IC= 544-576 mm), 2014= L50: 499 mm (IC= 476-518 mm), y 2015= L50: 480 mm (IC= 445-510 mm). Con base en los indicadores de sustentabilidad, se demuestra que la pesquería de curvina golfina está dirigida hacia los organismos de mayor longitud (mega-reproductores). Se concluye que actualmente la curvina golfina manifiesta problemas de sobreexplotación y por ende su aprovechamiento no es sustentable. Esto sugiere la necesidad realizar ajustes y actualizaciones a las actuales medidas de manejo

Long-Term Carbon Sequestration in Pine Forests under Different Silvicultural and Climatic Regimes in Spain

Proactive silviculture treatments (e.g., thinning) may increase C sequestration contributing to climate change mitigation, although, there are still questions about this effect in Mediterranean pine forests. The aim of this research was to quantify the storage of biomass and soil organic carbon in Pinus forests along a climatic gradient from North to South of the Iberian Peninsula. Nine experimental Pinus spp trials were selected along a latitudinal gradient from the pre-Pyrenees to southern Spain. At each location, a homogeneous area was used as the operational scale, and three thinning intensity treatments: unthinned or control (C), intermediate thinning (LT, removal of 30–40% of the initial basal area) and heavy thinning (HT, removal of 50–60%) were conducted. Growth per unit area (e.g., expressed as basal area increment-BAI), biomass, and Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) were measured as well as three sets of environmental variables (climate, soil water availability and soil chemical and physical characteristics). One-way ANOVA and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) were used to study the effect of thinning and environmental variables on C sequestration. Biomass and growth per unit area were higher in the control than in the thinning treatments, although differences were only significant for P. halepensis. Radial growth recovered after thinning in all species, but it was faster in the HT treatments. Soil organic carbon (SOC10, 0–10 cm depth) was higher in the HT treatments for P. halepensis and P. sylvestris, but not for P. nigra. SEM showed that Pinus stands of the studied species were beneficed by HT thinning, recovering their growth quickly. The resulting model explained 72% of the variation in SOC10 content, and 89% of the variation in silvicultural condition (basal area and density) after thinning. SOC10 was better related to climate than to silvicultural treatments. On the other hand, soil chemical and physical characteristics did not show significant influence over SOC10- Soil water availability was the latent variable with the highest influence over SOC10. This work is a new contribution that shows the need for forest managers to integrate silviculture and C sequestration in Mediterranean pine plantations

Renunciar a la opción armada : experiencias de reintegración política de grupos insurgentes en Colombia y El Salvador

Esta edición rescata algunas experiencias de negociaciones con grupos armados, con el ánimo de mostrar la primordial importancia de una verdadera inclusión política, la cual, al entregar la posibilidad real de un tránsito de los actores contestatarios del poder, a ser servidores públicos en cargos políticos relevantes, es capaz de generar argumentos contra una recaída en el conflcito armado por parte de desmovilizados, de armar la base de una sensación de responsabilidad con el sistema político reformado, en los mismos

Memoria del II Coloquio de verano de investigación de la Escuela de Negocios de ITESO, 2023

La memoria recoge cinco de las ponencias presentadas en el Coloquio de investigación de verano de la Escuela de Negocios, 2023. Durante las presentaciones y el diálogo quisimos hacer énfasis en dos aspectos de nuestra labor universitaria: 1) el fortalecimiento de la Escuela de Negocios como instancia interdepartamental que comparte una misión común; 2) el modo como las tres funciones sustantivas (docencia, investigación y vinculación) se retroalimentan y sostienen mutuamente. Se presentan resúmenes extendidos de los siguientes trabajos: Diagnóstico de cultura organizacional por alumnos del PAP de Gestión del cambio, del talento humano y la efectividad organizacional; Modelo estratégico de sostenibilidad basado en el modelo de flujos descontados (DCF); Laboratorios móviles: impulsando la industria creativa-cultural en Jalisco; Nueva estrategia de comunicación como proceso formativo para empresarios y emprendedores; Economía Social y Solidaria como un elemento para el desarrollo de talleres del sector artesanal.ITESO, A.C

Oxigenación con membrana extracorpórea en el paciente COVID-19: resultados del Registro Español ECMO-COVID de la Sociedad Española de Cirugía Cardiovascular y Endovascular (SECCE)

Background and aim: COVID-19 patients with severe heart or respiratory failure are potential candidates for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Indications and management of these patients are unclear. Our aim is to describe the results of a prospective registry of COVID-19 patients treated with ECMO. Methods: An anonymous prospective registry of COVID-19 patients treated with veno-arterial (V-A) or veno-venous (V-V) ECMO was created on march 2020. Clinical, analytical and respiratory preimplantation variables, implantation data and post-implantation course data were recorded. The primary endpoint was all cause in-hospital mortality. Secondary events were functional recovery and the combined endpoint of mortality and functional recovery in patients followed at least 3 months after discharge. Results: Three hundred and sixty-six patients from 25 hospitals were analyzed, 347 V-V ECMO and 18 V-A ECMO patients (mean age 52.7 and 49.5 years respectively). Patients with V-V ECMO were more obese, had less frequently organ damage other than respiratory failure and needed less inotropic support; Thirty three percent of V-A ECMO and 34.9% of V-A ECMO were discharged (P = NS). Hospital mortality was non-significantly different, 56.2% versus 50.9% respectively, mainly during ECMO therapy and mostly due to multiorgan failure. Other 51 patients (14%) remained admitted. Mean follow-up was 196 +/- 101.7 days (95%CI: 170.8-221.6). After logistic regression, body weight (OR 0.967, 95%CI: 0.95-0.99, P = 0.004) and ECMO implantation in the own centre (OR 0.48, 95%CI: 0.27-0.88, P = 0.018) were protective for hospital mortality. Age (OR 1.063, 95%CI: 1.005-1.12, P = 0.032), arterial hypertension (3.593, 95%CI: 1.06-12.19, P = 0.04) and global (2.44, 95%CI: 0.27-0.88, P = 0.019), digestive (OR 4,23, 95%CI: 1.27-14.07, P = 0.019) and neurological (OR 4.66, 95%CI: 1.39-15.62, P = 0.013) complications during ECMO therapy were independent predictors of primary endpoint occurrence. Only the post-discharge day at follow-up was independent predictor of both secondary endpoints occurrence. Conclusions: Hospital survival of severely ill COVID-19 patients treated with ECMO is near 50%. Age, arterial hypertension and ECMO complications are predictors of hospital mortality, and body weight and implantation in the own centre are protective. Functional recovery is only predicted by the follow-up time after discharge. A more homogeneous management of these patients is warranted for clinical results and future research optimization. (C) 2022 Sociedad Espanola de Cirugia Cardiovascular y Endovascular. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U

The multi-outburst activity of the magnetar in Westerlund I

After two major outbursts in 2006 and 2011, on 2017 May 16 the magnetar CXOU J164710.2−455216, hosted within the massive star cluster Westerlund I, emitted a short (∼20 ms) burst, which marked the onset of a new active phase. We started a long-term monitoring campaign with Swift (45 observations), Chandra (five observations), and NuSTAR (four observations) from the activation until 2018 April. During the campaign, Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) registered the occurrence of multiple bursts, accompanied by two other enhancements of the X-ray persistent flux. The long time span covered by our observations allowed us to study the spectral and the timing evolution of the source. After ∼11 months since the 2017 May outburst onset, the observed flux was ∼15 times higher than its historical minimum level and a factor of ∼3 higher than the level reached after the 2006 outburst. This suggests that the crust has not fully relaxed to the quiescent level, or that the source quiescent level has changed following the multiple outburst activities in the past 10 yr or so. This is another case of multiple outbursts from the same source on a yearly time-scale, a somehow recently discovered behaviour in magnetars.AB, NR, and PE are supported by an NWO Vidi Grant (PI: Rea). NR is also supported by grants AYA2015-71042-P and SGR 2014-1073. PE acknowledges funding in the framework of the project ‘Understanding the X-ray Variable and Transient Sky’ (ULTraS), ASI-INAF contract no. 2017-14-H.0. JAP acknowledges support by the Spanish MINECO/FEDER grant AYA2015-66899-C2-2-P, and the grant of Generalitat Valenciana PROMETEOII-2014-069. FCZ is supported by grants AYA2015-71042-P and SGR 2014-1073. DG acknowledges the financial support of the UnivEarthS Labex program at Sorbonne Paris Citeé (ANR-10-LABX-0023 and ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02). We thank the referee for his comments and the COST Action PHAROS (CA16214) for partial support

Dendritic cell deficiencies persist seven months after SARS-CoV-2 infection

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 infection induces an exacerbated inflammation driven by innate immunity components. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in the defense against viral infections, for instance plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), have the capacity to produce vast amounts of interferon-alpha (IFN-α). In COVID-19 there is a deficit in DC numbers and IFN-α production, which has been associated with disease severity. In this work, we described that in addition to the DC deficiency, several DC activation and homing markers were altered in acute COVID-19 patients, which were associated with multiple inflammatory markers. Remarkably, previously hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients remained with decreased numbers of CD1c+ myeloid DCs and pDCs seven months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, the expression of DC markers such as CD86 and CD4 were only restored in previously nonhospitalized patients, while no restoration of integrin β7 and indoleamine 2,3-dyoxigenase (IDO) levels were observed. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the immunological sequelae of COVID-19