Role of GnRH Neurons and Their Neuronal Afferents as Key Integrators between Food Intake Regulatory Signals and the Control of Reproduction

Reproductive function is regulated by a plethora of signals that integrate physiological and environmental information. Among others, metabolic factors are key components of this circuit since they inform about the propitious timing for reproduction depending on energy availability. This information is processed mainly at the hypothalamus that, in turn, modulates gonadotropin release from the pituitary and, thereby, gonadal activity. Metabolic hormones, such as leptin, insulin, and ghrelin, act as indicators of the energy status and convey this information to the reproductive axis regulating its activity. In this review, we will analyse the central mechanisms involved in the integration of this metabolic information and their contribution to the control of the reproductive function. Particular attention will be paid to summarize the participation of GnRH, Kiss1, NPY, and POMC neurons in this process and their possible interactions to contribute to the metabolic control of reproduction

On the one : análisis sociológico de la música funk como agente socializador

En este estudio se pretende mostrar la relación entre la música y el constructo social del sujeto a partir de su intención colectiva, universal y comunitaria. Compilación, análisis y discusión del desarrollo de los procedimientos y requerimientos del proceso de socialización en la música y en concreto del género musical funk como catalizador del comportamiento individual y colectivo en una sociedad moderna e institucionalizadora.Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Publicidad y Relaciones Pública

Forced displacement and internal migration in Colombia, 1992-2004

This document deconstructs the issue of forced displacement in Colombia, focusing on the period 1992 – 2004, and has two main methodological features. The first is its interdisciplinary approach, which is both sociological and economic. The second is its multilevel orientation, which aims to tackle forced displacement in Colombia on the individual, community and aggregate levels. Given the lack of interdisciplinary theoretical approaches to forced migration, I propose a new one, based on bounded rationality from economic theory and using Castles (2003) and Richmond (1988) for the sociology of forced migration. In order to properly characterise the concept of forced displacement as one of the many modalities of migration, my literature review expands on the thesis’ remit, both in time and scope, including studies of internal migration in Colombia, between 1960 and 2004. The review reveals some interesting lacunas and regularities in the study of forced migration in Colombia: the lack of interdisciplinary studies, the lack of consensus about the real dimension of forced displacement in Colombia - as a consequence of the divergent and hence unreliable nature of current statistics - the historic role of violence for flows of migration in Colombia, the importance of land appropriation and illegal economic activities as catalysts for the decision to migrate, and the specific profiles of gender and ethnic backgrounds. These issues are addressed in three chapters: one concentrates on deconstructing the different statistics available for forced displacement in Colombia, the systems devoted to collect them and the subjective reasons that may explain the differences between them: another evaluates the recurrence of specific patterns of ethnic background and gender among a displaced community and the third evaluates he lack of social cohesion as anomie, through applying the scale of Srole (1956) as used by Lipman and Havens (1965) in their study of the anomie among displaced people in Colombia

Adoption of Soil Conservation Practices in Olive Groves: The Case of Spanish Mountainous Areas

This paper presents some results from a survey carried out in 2004 among 223 olive tree farmers from mountainous areas in the Spanish Southern provinces of Granada and Jaen regarding the adoption of soil conservation and management practices. Olive tree groves in mountainous areas are subject to a high risk of soil erosion and have to incur in higher costs of soil conservation. This results in greater difficulties to comply with cross-compliance and to benefit from agri-environmental schemes. Our main objectives are to analyse the current level of adoption of soil conservation practices and to analyse which socio-economic and institutional factors determine such adoption. Three Probit models are estimated. Dependant variables are three different soil conservation practices, namely tillage following contour lines, maintenance of terraces with stonewalls, and non-tillage with weedicides.olive groves, soil conservation, technology adoption, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, Q12, Q24,

Diseño y desarrollo de un prototipo de un sistema mes (sistema de manufactura ejecutable) para la estación de flujo continuo (msp® pa) caso específico centro tecnológico de automatización industrial CTAI

Este trabajo iniciara con el estudio minucioso del proceso que la máquina describe, a partir de dicho estudio se podrá entender cuáles son las variables que el proceso necesita controlar y visualizar para finalmente sobre este marco generar los desarrollos en Labview y Access que permitirán obtener un sistema que cumpla con los requerimientos que se tienen.Ingeniero (a) IndustrialPregrad

Dificultad en los problemas combinatorios en estudiantes con preparación matemática avanzada

En este trabajo se presenta un estudio sobre la dificultad que la resolución de problemas combinatorios simples y compuestos supone para los alumnos de cuarto y quinto curso de la licenciatura de Matemáticas. Se propuso a una muestra de 91 estudiantes un cuestionario con 13 problemas combinatorios, de los cuales 11 se resolvían con una única operación combinatoria y dos eran problemas combinatorios compuestos de dos operaciones. Las variables controladas en el cuestionario son: la operación combinatoria, esquema combinatorio y naturaleza de los objetos combinados. Los resultados son analizados en función de estas variables y se comparan con los de una muestra de estudiantes de Primer Curso de Bachillerato, con y sin instrucción combinatoria. observamos una dificultad elevada de estos problemas, que en algunos casos no difiere de la de los alumnos de Bachillerato y el efecto de algunas de las variables de tarea. Todos estos resultados nos sirven para replanteamos los objetivos de la enseñanza de la combinatoria

La enseñanza de la lectura y la escritura hoy. Entrevista a Ana Teberosky Coronado

Ana Teberosky Coronado es miembro del OED y Profesora Catedrática del Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación de la Facultad de Psicología de la Universitat de Barcelona. Sus intereses de investigación giran en torno a la interacción entre la oralidad y la escritura, el aprendizaje del lenguaje escrito y el desarrollo metalingüístico

¿Cómo puede una empresa local enfrentar la competencia de una empresa multinacional? Productos Ramo vs. Bimbo de Colombia

Productos Ramo S.A.S. (a simplified joint-stock company), leader in the pastry and bakery sector in Colombia since 1956, especially in the city of Bogotá, had been competing in a relatively stable environment for many years, with no major competitors until 1995, when the Mexican multinational Bimbo entered the market (as Bimbo de Colombia S.A.). This company initiated its operations by generating a differentiation in the market, positioning itself as premium brand in the bread products line. It also launched a broad portfolio of products and thanks to an efficient distribution process managed to permanently alter the market, achieving accelerated growth and assuming its leadership. In the year 2006, Bimbo de Colombia recorded 7% more sales and revenue than Productos Ramo, and by 2018, this difference in revenue had grown to 45% (while Productos Ramo sold USD 247 million, Bimbo sold USD 360 million in Colombia). Faced with this situation, the General Manager of Productos Ramo wondered: What strategy could he implement to confront Bimbo and regain his leadership in the Colombian market? The case study is divided into four parts, as follows: firstly, there is a presentation of the history of Productos Ramo S.A.S.; secondly, it addresses the entry of Bimbo into the Colombian market; the third part presents the response or reactions of Productos Ramo to the entry of this new competitor and finally, strategic concerns are raised about the future for Productos Ramo.La empresa Productos Ramo S.A.S., líder del sector de pastelería y panadería en Colombia desde el año 1956 y con especial énfasis en la ciudad de Bogotá, había competido en un ambiente relativamente estable durante muchos años, sin grandes competidores hasta que en el año de 1995 ingresa al mercado la multinacional mexicana Bimbo de Colombia S.A. Esta compañía inició su operación generando una diferenciación en el mercado al posicionar una marca premium en la línea de productos de pan, adicionalmente, lanzó un amplio portafolio de productos y mediante un proceso eficiente de distribución, logró alterar de forma permanente este mercado, obteniendo un crecimiento de forma acelerada, llegando a asumir el liderazgo de este. Para el año 2006, Bimbo de Colombia registró más ingresos que Productos Ramo, siendo la diferencia de un 7 por ciento y para el año 2018, la diferencia frente a los ingresos fue de un 45 por ciento más (mientras Productos Ramo vendió US$247 millones, Bimbo vendió US$360 millones en Colombia). Ante tal situación, el Gerente General de Productos Ramo se preguntaba: ¿Qué estrategia debía implementar para poder hacer frente a Bimbo y recuperar su liderazgo en el mercado colombiano? El caso se divide en cuatro partes, las cuales son: primera parte del caso, se presentan la historia de la empresa Productos Ramo S.A.S; segunda parte, se aborda el ingreso de Bimbo al mercado colombiano; tercera parte se presenta la respuesta o reacción de Productos Ramo ante el ingreso de este nuevo competidor y cuarta parte, en la cual se plantean algunas inquietudes estratégicas sobre el futuro para la empresa Productos Ramo

Compact solution of circular orbit relative motion in curvilinear coordinates

A compact approximate solution of the highly non-linear relative motion in curvilinear coordinates is provided under the assumption of circular orbit for the chief spacecraft and moderately small inclination and eccentricity for the follower. The rather compact three-dimensional solution, which employs time as independent variable, is obtained by algebraic manipulation of the individual Keplerian motions in curviinear coordinates and Taylor expansion for small eccentricity of the follower orbit. Numerical test cases are conducted to show that the approximate solution can be effectively employed to extend the classical linear Clohessy-Wiltshire solution to include non-linear relative motion without significant loss of accuracy up to a limit of 0.4-0.5 in eccentricity and a few degrees in inclination