Influence of amorphous solid Dispersions of Paracetamol and PVP VA 64 on the thermoresponsive Behaviour of the Polymer

The dissolution of spray-dried amorphous solid dispersions consisting of paracetamol and PVP VA 64 at room temperature leads to the formation of different systems, depending on the drug/polymer ratio. Aqueous systems at room temperature with poor paracetamol/PVP VA 64 ratio are transparent solutions, while higher drug loads lead to phase separation of the solution. PVP VA 64 is known as thermoresponsive polymer. The aim of the study was to investigate the dissolution behaviour of these amorphous solid dispersions in water and their influence on the thermoresponsive behaviour of this polymer. Therefore, the demixing temperature was determined using DSC, since a change in the system constitutes an endothermic process. It could be shown that PVP VA 64 has lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behaviour around 70 °C, which decreases with increasing content of paracetamol due to the complex formation between the polymer and paracetamol

Hydraulic drives in tractors and agricultural machinery

Die stetige Verbesserung der Effizienz hydraulischer Antriebe in Traktoren und Landmaschinen ist nötig, um diese wettbewerbsfähig zu halten. Auf der Ebene der Systeme werden hier Ansätze verfolgt, mehr Funktionen in das System zu integrieren bzw. über Verlustvermeidung oder Senkung des Primärenergiebedarfs die Effizienz zu steigern. Auch in der Hybridtechnik konnten neue Impulse gesetzt werden.To provide the competitiveness of hydraulics a continuous improvement of the efficiency of hydraulic drives in tractors and other agricultural machinery is needed. On the level of systems approaches are taken which integrate more functions into the system or increase the efficiency by lowering the losses or the needed primary energy. Furthermore in the field of hydraulic hybrids new developments and use principles can be observed

Hydraulik in Traktoren und Landmaschinen

Der branchenübergreifende Trend zu effizienteren Antriebssystemen lässt sich bereits seit Jahren in der Hydraulik beobachten. Durch eine bessere Anpassung der im Antriebssystem vorhandenen Komponenten gelingt es, in verschiedenen Anwendungen Effizienzvorteile zu erzielen. Sowohl auf Komponenten- als auch auf Systemebene wird hierbei auf die Reglungstechnik gesetzt, um Betriebsparameter bestmöglich einzustellen und prinzipbedingte Verluste zu reduzieren.The interdisciplinary trend towards more efficient drive systems can also be observed in hydraulic drives. A higher efficiency in different applications is achieved by a better adaption of parameters of drive components to the application. For both on the component and the system level control engineering is used to adapt parameters in the best way to reduce power losses

Hydraulic drives in mobile machines - developments against the background of energy-efficient, networked systems

Wie bereits in der jüngeren Vergangenheit wurden auch 2018 Komponenten, Systemlösungen und Methoden für den Betrieb hydraulischer Antriebe entwickelt, die vor allem der zunehmenden Vernetzung im Kontext Industrie 4.0 sowie gestiegenen Effizienzanforderungen Rechnung tragen sollen. Die publizierten Lösungen betreffen den gesamten hydraulischen Antriebsstrang. Neben klassischen Themen wie der Sensorik und Aktorik halten mittlerweile auch für die Branche neuartige Entwicklungsmethoden wie Neuronale Netze Einzug. Letztere können vor allem im Bereich der Zustandsüberwachung gewinnbringend eingesetzt werden.As in the recent past, 2018 saw the development of components, system solutions and methods for the operation of hydraulic drives, which are intended to take account above all of the increasing networking in the context of industry 4.0 and increased efficiency requirements. The published solutions concern the entire drive train of hydraulic drives. In addition to classic topics such as sensors and actuators, new development methods such as neural networks are now also being used in the industry. The latter can be used profitably especially in the field of condition monitoring

Mapping the Status of Healthcare Improvement Science through a Narrative Review in Six European Countries

With the aim to explore how improvement science is understood, taught, practiced, and its impact on quality healthcare across Europe, the Improvement Science Training for European Healthcare Workers (ISTEW) project “Improvement Science Training for European Healthcare Workers” was funded by the European Commission and integrated by 7 teams from different European countries. As part of the project, a narrative literature review was conducted between 2008 and 2019, including documents in all partners’ languages from 26 databases. Data collection and analysis involved a common database. Validation took place through partners’ discussions. Referring to healthcare improvement science (HIS), a variety of terms, tools, and techniques were reported with no baseline definition or specific framework. All partner teams were informed about the non-existence of a specific term equivalent to HIS in their mother languages, except for the English-speaking countries. A lack of consensus, regarding the understanding and implementation of HIS into the healthcare and educational contexts was found. Our findings have brought to light the gap existing in HIS within Europe, far from other nations, such as the US, where there is a clearer HIS picture. As a consequence, the authors suggest further developing the standardization of HIS understanding and education in Europe.The research conducted until 2015 was funded by the European Union funded ERASMUS Lifelong Learning Project, ISTEW: Improvement Science Training for European Healthcare Workers (Project No. 539194-LLP-1-2013-1-UK-ERASMUS-EQR)

Efficacy of Telephone Information and Advice on Welfare: the Need for Realist Evaluation

In the context of increased marketisation in welfare provision, formal information and advice (I&A) is widely assumed to enable users, as consumers, to make informed choices about services, support and care. There is emerging evidence that telephone I&A services represent important ways of providing such services. This article proposes a framework that identifies key areas of focus delineating the efficacy of I&A, which is then used in a comprehensive literature review to critique existing research on outcomes and/or impact of telephone I&A. Existing, predominately quantitative, research has critical weaknesses. There is a lack of adequate contextual focus, understanding agency, and how I&A is used in different contexts to influence causal processes. The article contends that the efficacy of I&A is not adequately reported and provides much needed theoretical clarity in key areas, including the desirability of further realist evaluation approaches

Making it easy to do the right thing in healthcare: Advancing improvement science education through accredited pan European higher education modules

Background: Numerous international policy drivers espouse the need to improve healthcare. The application of Improvement Science has the potential to restore the balance of healthcare and transform it to a more person-centred and quality improvement focussed system. However there is currently no accredited Improvement Science education offered routinely to healthcare students. This means that there are a huge number of healthcare professionals who do not have the conceptual or experiential skills to apply Improvement Science in everyday practise. Methods: This article describes how seven European Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) worked together to develop four evidence informed accredited inter-professional Improvement Science modules for under and postgraduate healthcare students. It outlines the way in which a Policy Delphi, a narrative literature review, a review of the competency and capability requirements for healthcare professionals to practise Improvement Science, and a mapping of current Improvement Science education informed the content of the modules. Results: A contemporary consensus definition of Healthcare Improvement Science was developed. The four Improvement Science modules that have been designed are outlined. A framework to evaluate the impact modules have in practise has been developed and piloted. Conclusion: The authors argue that there is a clear need to advance healthcare Improvement Science education through incorporating evidence based accredited modules into healthcare professional education. They suggest that if Improvement Science education, that incorporates work based learning, becomes a staple part of the curricula in inter-professional education then it has real promise to improve the delivery, quality and design of healthcare.Erasmus+ Life long Learning Programme

Pathogen spillover during land conversion

Pathogen spillover from wildlife to domestic animals and humans, and the reverse, has caused significant epidemics and pandemics worldwide. Although pathogen emergence has been linked to anthropogenic land conversion, a general framework to disentangle underlying processes is lacking. We develop a multi-host model for pathogen transmission between species inhabiting intact and converted habitat. Interspecies contacts and host populations vary with the proportion of land converted; enabling us to quantify infection risk across a changing landscape. In a range of scenarios, the highest spillover risk occurs at intermediate levels of habitat loss, whereas the largest, but rarest, epidemics occur at extremes of land conversion. This framework provides insights into the mechanisms driving disease emergence and spillover during land conversion. The finding that the risk of spillover is highest at intermediate levels of habitat loss provides important guidance for conservation and public health policy

Optik hoechstdotierter Germanium-Duennschichtsysteme

SIGLETIB Hannover: DR 4413 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman