Discriminations of Color and Pattern on Artificial Flowers by Male and Female Bumble Bees, \u3ci\u3eBombus Impatiens\u3c/i\u3e (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

This study examined the performance of male bumble bees (Bombus impatiens) in color and pattern discriminations and compared it to that of female bees. Bees were trained to forage from rewarding (S+) and unrewarding (S-) artificial flowers which differed in color (blue vs yellow) or pattern (e.g., concen­tric vs radial). Learning of the discrimination by the bees was then assessed by examining choice proportions of different flower types while none of the flowers offered reward. Color discriminations were made with 98% accuracy by the males, and the choice proportion was no different for females. Pattern discriminations were very poor or nonexistent for males but significantly better for females, especially in one of three pattern discriminations (radial vs concentric patterns)

Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization spectroscopy oflaser-ablated copper atoms

Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) spectra of laser-ablated copper atoms entrainedin a supersonic free jet expansion are reported. Depending on the ionization scheme employed, andthe conditions under which the copper atoms are produced, very different spectra are produced, whichare discussed. In some circumstances, high proportions of metastable atoms survive the ablation andexpansion process and are clearly seen in the spectra. The spectroscopic transitions for the observedlines are identified, and it is noted that some caution is merited in the assumption that only ground statecopper atoms are present following laser ablation

Native Pottery: hand-made pottery in the prehistoric and Roman period in northern England and southern Scotland

The thesis is a survey and catalogue of most of the pottery found in the area between the Clyde and Solway and the southern boundaries of Cumbria and Durham, and to which previously the label of Iron age or Roman native pottery had been assigned. The paucity of contextual information is demonstrated. An attempt is made to classify types for comparison with the small amount of contextual data. The result of this, combined with external evidence, illustrates the probable Late Bronze age origins for at least two types, and the presence of a Roman native pottery, but does not allow a closer type classification to be put forward

Spectroscopy and interactions of metal and metal cation complexes

The work in this thesis looks at the spectroscopy and interactions of metals and metal cation complexes. There are two aspects of this vast subject that are considered: the electronic spectroscopy of Au-RG complexes and the ion-molecule chemistry of metals important in the mesosphere-lower thermosphere (MLT) region of the atmosphere. The spectroscopy of the molecular states in the vicinity of the strong Au 2P3/2, 1/2 ← 2S1/2 atomic transition, have been studied for the Au-RG (RG = Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe) series using resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI). The spectroscopy of these systems was more involved than expected and high level ab initio calculations were required to complement and aid interpretation of the REMPI spectra obtained. Two main effects were seen to influence the spectroscopy in this energetic region — the mixing between D2Π1/2 and E2Σ1/2+ states through spin-orbit interactions and the interaction of lower lying states arising from the Au(2D) + RG (1S0) asymptote, resulting in predissociation being observed. The MLT is the only region of the Earth’s atmosphere in which metals exist in a free atomic state. It is known that their presence in this region occurs via the ablation of meteors entering the upper atmosphere, but certain aspects of their chemistry are still unclear. Using high level ab initio theory, spectroscopic constants were determined for metal cation complexes that can be formed in this region. These values are used by collaborators in conjunction with laboratory measurement to establish accurate rate coefficients that will allow the ion-molecule chemistry of calcium and magnesium in the MLT region to be modelled

"Boing, Boing Like a Kangaroo": Children's Experiences of Physical Activity

The London 2012 Games promised to inspire a new generation of more physically active people. Significant investment was made into sport and physical education in preparation for the Games. However the 2012 Health Survey England survey still found that 75% of 5-7 year olds failed to meet the UK Chief Medical Officers' recommendations for daily physical activity (Eastwood, 2014:36). Current literature identifies a range of motivations associated with physical activity and adolescents. There is a gap in child-centred research which reports what motivates children aged 5-11 years to be physically active. The aims of this small-scale qualitative study are to help fill those gaps and increase understanding of how one group of 5-11 year olds experience physical activity in their free-choice time. An ethnomethodology and child-centred methods of data collection and analysis are used in order to build understanding from what children themselves do and say. Research is carried out with children in their holiday Activity Camp which offers a choice of screen-based, arts and crafts and sport activities. The children are observed, video and audio recorded whilst active. Photographs and drawings that they prepare about their Activity Camp are analysed and unstructured photo-elicited interviews carried out. Findings are compared with two theoretical models for encouraging participation in physical activity underpinned by Self-Determination Theory. The Sport Education Model (SEM) focuses upon PE and school sport and the Development Model for Sport Participation (DMSP) upon sport and active recreation. It was found that this group of children experienced physical activity through socialising and exploiting their activity environment resulting in a high level of active creative play and some ‘playing at’ traditional sports. Many of the recommendations of the SEM and DMSP appear to be applicable to children’s free-choice physical activity and worthy of further research in pursuit of a more active new generation

An integrated professionalism in further education: a time for phronesis?

The aim of this article is to examine the role taken by the Institute for Learning (IfL) in England to promote the nature of professionalism in the lifelong learning sector. It raises the possibility that the decisions taken by the IfL, since its inception in 2002, are leading to the de-professionalisation of teachers. It is argued that what is now needed is a new professionalism that is driven by the practice of phronesis: wise practical reasoning, based on judgement and wisdom, and that accords with the centrality of context and the reflective nature of the activity of teaching. It will be informed by values that enable practitioners to mediate the confrontational forces of managerialism which might otherwise threaten to undermine their professionalism

Aspects of resistance in deepwater rice to the stem nematode Ditylenchus angustus

Une technique utilisant les plants de riz a été mise au point pour cribler la résistance du riz flottant à #Ditylenchus angustus$. Cette technique copie l'infestation naturelle à partir de l'eau et permet une infestation de 100$ est rapide sur les cvs sensibles (la durée du cycle est de 10 à 20 jours, à 30°C). L'expression des symptômes et la multiplication du nématode ont été étudiées sur une série de cultivars et lignées de riz flottant, tant sensibles que résistants. La résistance est en partie conférée par une réaction nécrotique rapide de l'hôte lors de la prise de nourriture du nématode. Cette réaction est présente chez quelques lignées (CNL 319, Bazail 65, Rayada 16-02, Rayada 16-03, Rayad 16-06 à 16-09) qui se sont montrées en champ résistantes en divers endroits et au cours du temps. Une telle réaction est qualitativement différente de celle, bien connue, montrée par les plantes sensibles, et peut ainsi fournir une base en vue de la sélection génotypique. La relation entre profondeur de l'eau et taille des plants de riz est d'une importance cruciale pour le déclenchement de l'infestation et le développement des symptômes. #D. angustus$ pénètre dans les plants d'abord au niveau de la surface de l'eau, aussi une submersion des gaînes des feuilles retardera-t-elle l'infestation. Les symptômes se développent plus rapidement si, durant l'infestation, le niveau de l'eau est voisin de ou très peu inférieur à celui du collet situé au sommet de la gaîne foliaire. L'expression des symptômes, et par conséquent les dégâts précoces, sont ralentis en abaissant le niveau de l'eau. (Résumé d'auteur

Spectroscopy and interactions of metal and metal cation complexes

The work in this thesis looks at the spectroscopy and interactions of metals and metal cation complexes. There are two aspects of this vast subject that are considered: the electronic spectroscopy of Au-RG complexes and the ion-molecule chemistry of metals important in the mesosphere-lower thermosphere (MLT) region of the atmosphere. The spectroscopy of the molecular states in the vicinity of the strong Au 2P3/2, 1/2 ← 2S1/2 atomic transition, have been studied for the Au-RG (RG = Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe) series using resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI). The spectroscopy of these systems was more involved than expected and high level ab initio calculations were required to complement and aid interpretation of the REMPI spectra obtained. Two main effects were seen to influence the spectroscopy in this energetic region — the mixing between D2Π1/2 and E2Σ1/2+ states through spin-orbit interactions and the interaction of lower lying states arising from the Au(2D) + RG (1S0) asymptote, resulting in predissociation being observed. The MLT is the only region of the Earth’s atmosphere in which metals exist in a free atomic state. It is known that their presence in this region occurs via the ablation of meteors entering the upper atmosphere, but certain aspects of their chemistry are still unclear. Using high level ab initio theory, spectroscopic constants were determined for metal cation complexes that can be formed in this region. These values are used by collaborators in conjunction with laboratory measurement to establish accurate rate coefficients that will allow the ion-molecule chemistry of calcium and magnesium in the MLT region to be modelled

Rethinking models of architectural research:: we don't do objects

Historically, an argument can be made that architectural research was produced internal to firms and manufacturers as proprietary objects or sets of data. The concept of disciplines and professions reinforced the separation of open-sourced knowledge and the application of that knowledge in a commercial context. However, design has rapidly changed from an object-solution profession and is now faced with finding solutions to complex problems within complex systems. The past practice model of client, architect, and final product seems an ill-fit in this new context. The question is how to integrate a critical research process into a professional capacity in which that architectural research needs an inherent and immediate value to be performed or pursued. The SYNCH Research Group [synchRG] was formed in response to this question. Although research consortiums, design initiatives and research centres exist within many schools of architecture, most operate as a department or extensions of a school of architecture. SynchRG operates in neither private practice nor as a division of the university. Organized as a diverse and fluid association of faculty, students, professionals, and consultants, the synchRG group is focused on a design methodology and philosophical structure rather than a client, site, building, typology, or object. The focus on idiosyncratic or aesthetic solutions to singular problems is set aside in order to provide a collaborative intellectual space for professional based explorations. The paper will examine synchRG's response to current architectural research challenges and illustrate its unique structure as a possible model to be replicated. A dialogue will be initiated on a model for practice aligned with both academia and industry