The IceCube Neutrino Observatory: Instrumentation and Online Systems

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is a cubic-kilometer-scale high-energy neutrino detector built into the ice at the South Pole. Construction of IceCube, the largest neutrino detector built to date, was completed in 2011 and enabled the discovery of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos. We describe here the design, production, and calibration of the IceCube digital optical module (DOM), the cable systems, computing hardware, and our methodology for drilling and deployment. We also describe the online triggering and data filtering systems that select candidate neutrino and cosmic ray events for analysis. Due to a rigorous pre-deployment protocol, 98.4% of the DOMs in the deep ice are operating and collecting data. IceCube routinely achieves a detector uptime of 99% by emphasizing software stability and monitoring. Detector operations have been stable since construction was completed, and the detector is expected to operate at least until the end of the next decade.Comment: 83 pages, 50 figures; updated with minor changes from journal review and proofin

Looking for skin and gill parasites as biological tags for Atlantic bluefin tuna ( Thunnus thynnus

Skin and gill parasites found in juvenile Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) caught in the Bay of Biscay, northeast Atlantic, were examined with the aim of finding biological tags. The degree of infection of different microhabitats was analyzed and the annual prevalence by species of parasite obtained. Of the specimens examined, 98% had parasites, and the gills were by far the most infected microhabitat, followed by the skin and the pectoral fin. Within the gill cavity, parasites were most commonly found in the afferent margins of the primary lamellae. Three species of Copepoda were identified, two species of Monogenea, and eleven Digenea. Thus, ten species (Digenea: Didymozoidae) and a new host record for Copiatestes thyrsitae (Digenea: Syncoeliidae) were recorded in Thunnus thynnus. The suitability of the different external parasites found is discussed and gill didymozoids are put forward as useful biological tags. Confusing taxonomy within this digenean family makes species identification of the different morphotypes difficult. However, their habitat specificity in hosts can be a good tool to differentiate morphotypes and characterise host individuals

The life cycle and geographical distribution of the monorchiid Proctotrema bartolii (Digenea) in the clam Darina solenoides from the Patagonian coast, Argentina

The life cycle of Proctotrema bartolii Carballo, Laurenti & Cremonte 2011 (Digenea: Monorchiidae) at Fracasso Beach (the type locality) (428250S, 648070W), Península Valdés, Argentina, was investigated. This digenean uses the clam Darina solenoides (Mactridae) as both the first and second intermediate hosts in the natural environment. The metacercariae were located mainly at the tip of the incurrent siphon, with an infection prevalence of 100%. Experimental infections in other macroinvertebrates, such as the clam Tellina petitiana and the polychaete Glycera americana, were successful, but these and other invertebrates are not naturally infected. Silversides Odontesthes smitti and Odontesthes nigricans (Pisces: Atherinopsidae) and the mullet Eleginops maclovinus (Eleginopidae) act as the definitive hosts of both experimentally and naturally obtained adults. Fish acquire infection by eating either the siphon or the entire clam. Proctotrema bartolii seems to be endemic to the Magellan Region and is distributed where its intermediate clam host is present, from the San José Gulf in Península Valdés to the southern tip of South America.Fil: Gilardoni, Carmen Mariangel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagonico; Argentina;Fil: Carballo, Maria Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagonico; Argentina;Fil: Cremonte, Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagonico; Argentina

Juniors | Class of \u2715

PLEASE NOTE: Where applicable, the audio has been removed from this file due to copyrighted material. The garments shown here represent the Junior Class of \u2715. The garments were created in response to the following design challenges: Knitwear Design: design and develop cut-and-sew and machine-knit pieces. Tailoring Project: investigate tailoring techniques to design and produce tailored looks