Selective and quantitative nitrate electroreduction to ammonium using a porous copper electrode in an electrochemical flow cell

International audienceThe aim of this work was to set up a novel electrochemical system allowing an efficient transformation of concentrated nitrate solutions to ammonium and which can be subsequently implemented on a large scale application. First, this paper describes the preparation of a porous copper modified electrode by successive electrodeposition of nickel then copper on a graphite felt of large specific surface area. Homogeneous Cu coating of all fibers in the 3D porous structure was successfully obtained using low concentrations of copper salts and high applied current intensities. The porous copper electrode was then used in a flow electrochemical process to achieve a selective and quantitative transformation of concentrated nitrate into ammonium. Different electrolytic solutions, slightly acid (acetate buffer) or neutral (phosphate buffer), and flow rates were investigated. The nitrate solution was quantitatively reduced into NH4+ with high selectivity in only one pass through the electrode. When the applied current was similar to the theoretical one, the maximum selectivity (96%) and the best current efficiency (72%) for NH4+ formation were reached at pH 7.2 with a flow rate of 2 mL min−1. The obtained ammonium solution can be subsequently used either as a potential nitrogen source during microbial culture or simply as a fertilizer

Unilateral Psoriasis in a Woman with Ipsilateral Post-Mastectomy Lymphedema

Psoriasis is a multi-factorial disease with various clinical manifestations. We present a case of unilateral psoriasis associated with ipsilateral lymphedema that developed after mastectomy for breast cancer. A 42-year-old Korean woman was referred to our clinic with a 1-month history of multiple erythematous scaly patches on the right arm, back, and breast and was diagnosed with psoriasis by a skin biopsy. Three years previously, she had been diagnosed with breast cancer (T1N2), underwent a right quadrantectomy and axillary lymph node dissection, and completed adjuvant chemotherapy followed by high-dose adjuvant radiotherapy. She had started rehabilitation therapy on the right arm for secondary lymphedema 30 months previously. Because of the long interval between radiation and psoriasis, we speculated that changes in the local milieu caused by the lymphedema might be a causative factor. We hereby report a rare case of unilateral psoriasis following post-mastectomy lymphedema

Coordination controlled electrodeposition and patterning of layers of palladium/copper nanoparticles on top of a self-assembled monolayer

Support by EPSRC (EP/E061303/1, EP/D048761/1) and the Chinese Scholarship Council and the University of St Andrews for a stipend (Z. Y.) are gratefully acknowledged.A scheme for the generation of bimetallic nanoparticles is presented which combines electrodeposition of one type of metal, coordinated to a self-assembled monolayer (SAM), with another metal deposited from the bulk electrolyte. In this way PdCu nanoparticles are generated by initial complexation of Pd2+ to a SAM of 3-(4-(pyridine-4-yl)phenyl)propane-1-thiol (PyP3) on Au/mica and subsequent reduction in an acidic aqueous CuSO4 electrolyte. Cyclic voltammetry reveals that the onset of Cu deposition is triggered by Pd reduction. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) shows that layers of connected particles are formed with an average thickness of less than 3 nm and lateral dimensions of particles in the range of 2 to 5 nm. In X-ray photoelectron spectra a range of binding energies for the Pd 3d signal is observed whereas the Cu 2p signal appears at a single binding energy, even though chemically different Cu species are present: normal and more noble Cu. Up to three components are seen in the N 1s signal, one originating from protonated pyridine moieties, the others reflecting the SAM-metal interaction. It is suggested that the coordination controlled electrodeposition yields layers of particles composed of a Pd core and a Cu shell with a transition region of a PdCu alloy. Deposited on top of the PyP3 SAM, the PdCu particles exhibit weak adhesion which is exploited for patterning by selective removal of particles employing scanning probe techniques. The potential for patterning down to the sub-10 nm scale is demonstrated. Harnessing the deposition contrast between native and PdCu loaded PyP3 SAMs, structures thus created can be developed into patterned continuous layers.PostprintPeer reviewe

Mapping the Scope of Software Interventions for Moderate Internet Use on Mobile Devices

ICT is expected to form 21% of global electricity demand in 2030, and history has shown that efficiency gains in Internet infrastructure aiming to curtail such impacts are far outstripped by the growth in data traffic. We need to reduce demand for Internet connectivity, yet encouraging moderate interactions with digital devices and online services could potentially benefit users. HCI designs have been suggested for moderate interactions and Internet usage, most commonly on smartphones - but it's currently unclear whether these interventions can actually be implemented and tested to understand the user and environmental impacts. In this paper, we review features for understanding and manipulating data traffic in accordance with the stock Android and iOS development libraries to better scope the potential for implementing moderate and sustainable digital experiences. Specifically, we outline the intervention features plausible for Android implementation, and we provide reasoning for why iOS is currently too restrictive

Les clauses de tontine et d'accroissement, la cohabitation de fait plus solide que le mariage ?

Master de spécialisation en notariat, Université catholique de Louvain, 201

Rapid synthesis of porous honeycomb Cu/Pd through a hydrogen-bubble templating method

A rapid electrochemical method based on using a clean hydrogen-bubble template to form a bimetallic porous honeycomb Cu/Pd structure has been investigated. The addition of palladium salt to a copper-plating bath under conditions of vigorous hydrogen evolution was found to influence the pore size and bulk concentration of copper and palladium in the honeycomb bimetallic structure. The surface was characterised by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which revealed that the surface of honeycomb Cu/Pd was found to be rich with a Cu/Pd alloy. The inclusion of palladium in the bimetallic structure not only influenced the pore size, but also modified the dendritic nature of the internal wall structure of the parent copper material into small nanometre-sized crystallites. The chemical composition of the bimetallic structure and substantial morphology changes were found to significantly influence the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic response for immobilised rhodamine B and the hydrogen-evolution reaction. The ability to create free-standing films of this honeycomb material may also have many advantages in the areas of gas- and liquid-phase heterogeneous catalysis

Factura, 1878 marzo 6, Madrid, de Escribanía del Número y Notaría de D. Vicente Reyter a D. Juan de Tro y Ortolano

Factura impresa escrita a mano en tinta negraAlcance y contenido: Versa sobre la redacción del testamento del destinatario de la factura. Precio en realesEn el membrete: "Escribanía del Número y Notaría de D. Vicente Reyter"Factura firmada con Recibí p. o. y rubricada por Julián MarcosMembrete del establecimiento con ornamentos en la parte izquierda de la cabeceraPapel ocre con rayasFactura por las dos caras al verso sin cumplimenta