Large-vscale hydrogen production and storage technologies: Current status and future directions

This is an accepted manuscript of an article published by Elsevier in International Journal of Hydrogen Energy on 13/11/2020, available online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.10.110 The accepted version of the publication may differ from the final published version.Over the past years, hydrogen has been identified as the most promising carrier of clean energy. In a world that aims to replace fossil fuels to mitigate greenhouse emissions and address other environmental concerns, hydrogen generation technologies have become a main player in the energy mix. Since hydrogen is the main working medium in fuel cells and hydrogen-based energy storage systems, integrating these systems with other renewable energy systems is becoming very feasible. For example, the coupling of wind or solar systems hydrogen fuel cells as secondary energy sources is proven to enhance grid stability and secure the reliable energy supply for all times. The current demand for clean energy is unprecedented, and it seems that hydrogen can meet such demand only when produced and stored in large quantities. This paper presents an overview of the main hydrogen production and storage technologies, along with their challenges. They are presented to help identify technologies that have sufficient potential for large-scale energy applications that rely on hydrogen. Producing hydrogen from water and fossil fuels and storing it in underground formations are the best large-scale production and storage technologies. However, the local conditions of a specific region play a key role in determining the most suited production and storage methods, and there might be a need to combine multiple strategies together to allow a significant large-scale production and storage of hydrogen.Published versio

by

Acknowledgements I like to express my deepest gratitude to the late Professor Dr. Wilfried A. König for his support and inspiring enthusiasm. He initiated this investigation but passed away on Nov.19. 2004, after this investigation has just been started. I am most grateful to Professor Dr. Dr. h.c. Wittko Francke for the opportunity to continue the research under his supervision, his invaluable support, inspiring discussions and interesting cooperations. I am very grateful to Dr. Klaus von Schwartzenberg (Biozentrum Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Germany) for the opportunity to work under his guidance, his support in the establishment of in vitro cultures, and the very pleasant atmosphere. Support by the following people is gratefully acknowledged: Dr. Volker Sinnwell and hi

Rauchbeschädigung in dem Gräflich v. Tiele-Winckler'schen Forstreviere Myslowitz-Kattowitz : Nachtrag zu dem Werke gleicher Bezeichnung v. Jahre 1893 mit Entgegnung auf die Schrift: Waldschäden im Oberschlesischen Industriebezirk pp. ... von Bernard Borggreve

von Carl Reus

D. Christ. Frider. Reuss, Med. Prof. Publ. In Alma Eberhardino-Carolina ... Phys. Et Berol. Amicorum Naturæ Scrutatorum Sodalis, Dispensatorium Universale Ad Tempora Nostra Accommodatum : Et Ad Formam Lexici chemico-Pharmacevtici Redactum

Erschienen: Bd. 1 -

Dictionarivm Botanicvm oder botanisches, lateinisches und deutsches Handwörterbuch : für Aerzte, Cameralisten, Apotheker, Specereyhändler, Kräuterkenner, Blumisten, Oeconomen, Gärtner und Fabrikanten, nebst einem neuvermehrten Anhang von weitern deutschen Pflanzenbenennungen und einem Verzeichnis von Pflanzen nach iher unterschiedlichen Blühtezeit

Verf. ermitteltVorlageform des Erscheinungsvermerks: Leipzig, bey Christian Gottlob Hilscher, 1786.In Fraktu

Kenntniß dererjenigen Pflanzen die Mahlern und Färbern zum Nutzen und denen Liebhabern der öconomischen Pflanzenkenntniß zum Vergnügen gereichen können

Supralibros der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Züric

Corsifurans A-C, 2-arylbenzofurans of presumed stilbenold origin from Corsinia coriandrina (Hepaticae)

Chemical investigation of the diethyl ether extract from the liverwort Corsinia coriandrina resulted in the isolation of a new 2-arylbenzofuran compound called corsifuran A. The structure was identified by spectroscopic techniques and confirmed by synthesis. Two minor constituents of similar structure, and two related stilbenoids and a bibenzyl were identified by comparison of the mass spectra and GC retention indices with authentic samples. Due to the similarity in substitution patterns a stilbenoid origin of the corsifurans is proposed. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

D. Christ. Frider. Reuss Medicinae Professoris Publici in Alma Eberhardino-Carolina, Serenissimi Ducis Margrasii Badensis Consiliarii ... Berol. amicorum naturae Scrutator. Sodal. Dispensatorium Universale : Seu Lexicon Chemico-Pharmacevticum Ad Tempora Nostra Accommodatum

Bibliogr. Nachweis: NUC 490, S. 32, 019681

M - Z

Vorlageform des Erscheinungsvermerks: Argentorati Apud Amand Koenig 1791 - Kolophon : Tvbingae Ex Officina Ioan. Fridr. Bal