ANALYZING THE PERFORMANCE OF CARRY TREE ADDERS BASED ON FPGA’S

In this paper carry tree adders are known to have the best performance in VLSI designs. However, this performance advantage does not translate directly into FPGA implementations due to constraints on logic block configurations and routing overhead. This paper investigates three types of carry-tree adders (the Kogge-Stone, sparse Kogge-Stone, and spanning tree adder) and compares them to the simple Ripple Carry Adder (RCA) and Carry Skip Adder (CSA). These designs of varied bit-widths were implemented on a Xilinx Spartan 3E FPGA and delay measurements were made with a high-performance logic analyzer. Due to the presence of a fast carry-chain, the RCA designs exhibit better delay performance up to 128 bits. The carry-tree adders are expected to have a speed advantage over the RCA as bit widths approach 256

The Caste of Campus Habitus: Caste and Gender Encounters of the First-generation Dalit Women Students in Indian Universities

This article critically examines the university academic spaces and the campus culture determined by a particular form of the dominant habitus which is, in effect, actively excluding the first-generation women students belonging to the marginalized sections of Indian society. As this dominant habitus is constantly reproduced on university campuses, with or without contentions, entering the academic spaces of Indian universities for first-generation Dalit women—who are deprived of both cultural and social capital—is invariably becoming a herculean task. Therefore, this article analyses the concealed forms of dominant campus habitus that structurally create a conducive environment for privileged students and a rigid glass ceiling for first-generation Dalit women students in their journey toward higher education. Notwithstanding the limitations associated with their social status of being first-generation learners, the formations of alternative cultural capital and resilience of the Dalit women students have been analysed from a feminist perspective, proving that one could overcome these social challenges through the acquired cultural capital. The analytical concepts and theoretical frameworks of this article have been developed based on empirical/ethnographic data collected from women research scholars at a prominent university in South India. The narratives were collected in the academic year 2020–2021 through in-depth interviews and focused group discussions

PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF ETHYLCELLULOSE MICROSPHERES PREPARED BY SOLVENT EVAPORATION TECHNIQUE

Losartan is high specific angiotensin 2 type receptor antagonist with antihypertensive activity was formulated as microspheres by using Ethyl cellulose as carrier. These Ethyl cellulose microspheres were prepared by the solvent evaporation method. The prepared microspheres were subjected to various evaluation and in vitro release studies. Highest percentage of loading was obtained by increasing the amount of Losartan with respect to polymer. The particle sizes of the prepared microspheres were determined by optical microscopy and SEM analysis. The prepared microspheres had good spherical geometry with smooth surface as evidence by SEM. The in vitro release studies showed that Losartan microspheres of 1:5 ratios showed better sustained effect over a period of 12 hours

A MULTIFUNCTIONAL DVR TO PROTECT EMERGENCY CONTROL IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

During this paper, emergency control in distribution systems is discussed while using the suggested multi functional DVR control strategy. The Colorful current restorer is most likely the current products present in distribution systems to protect consumers against sudden adjustments to current amplitude. Also, the multi loop controller when using the Posicast and P Resonant controllers is suggested to be capable of raise the transient response and get rid of the steady-condition error in DVR response, correspondingly. Within the rms current level at system frequency combined with period of half a cycle one min. To protect several consumers when the explanation for disturbance is inside the lower stream within the DVR’s feeder along with the large fault current encounters the DVR itself.  The suggested formula may be used getting disturbances in load current introduced on by induction motors beginning, along with a three-phase short circuit fault. Also, the capacity within the suggested DVR remains examined to limit the downstream fault current. The present limitation will restore the goal of common coupling current and safeguard the DVR itself. Simulation results show the capacity within the DVR to handle emergency conditions within the distribution systems. The suggested Video recorder topology and control formula will most likely be helpful for emergency control with the current sag. The 3-phase short circuit and the beginning of a 3-phase large induction motor will most likely be looked at as the explanation for distortion within the simulations. The innovation this is actually the DVR functions as being virtual impedance while using the primary goal of safeguarding the PCC current during downstream fault with no overuse injury in real power injection towards the DVR

Obesity, hyperglycemia and endothelial function in inner city Bronx adolescents: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: Along with the rise in obesity, cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become the major cause of death in developed countries. Although overt coronary heart disease rarely manifests during childhood, atherosclerosis can begin by the second decade of life. Therefore, identifying reliable risk markers of early vascular disease in childhood could be important. Alteration in endothelial function (EF) is an early preclinical marker of the atherosclerotic process and can be assessed non-invasively using reactive hyperemia peripheral arterial tonometry (RH-PAT). The purpose of this study was to investigate if obesity in children is associated with lower EF as measured with RH-PAT, and if obese children with impaired glucose regulation have further impairment in RH-PAT measured EF compared to obese children with normal glucose tolerance. METHODS: Cardiovascular risk factors, adipocytokines and EF using RH-PAT were evaluated in lean (n = 14) and obese (n = 37) adolescents (age 12–18 years). Based on an oral glucose tolerance test, the obese group was subdivided into: obese with normal (NGT, n = 22) and obese with impaired glucose regulation (IGR, n = 15). RESULTS: RH-PAT score was lower in obese subjects compared to lean controls (1.70 ± 0.02 vs. 1.98 ± 0.09, P = 0.02), indicating worse EF. This difference remained significant when adjusted for age, sex and ethnicity (P = 0.02). We observed a pattern of worsening EF with increasing metabolic burden, with RH-PAT scores of 1.98 ± 0.09,1.73 ± 0.08 and 1.65 ± 0.12 in the lean, obese-NGT and obese-IGR groups, respectively, p(trend) = 0.03. Obese subjects were more insulin resistant [higher HOMA] (p = 0.03), and had higher levels of leptin (p = 0.004), hsCRP (p = 0.0004), and TNF-α (p = 0.03) compared to lean subjects. Adjusting for insulin resistance and adipocytokines substantially attenuated the obesity association with RH-PAT, suggesting that insulin resistance and inflammation may mediate the association of EF with obesity. CONCLUSIONS: Risk factors for adult cardiovascular disease, including impaired EF, insulin resistance and inflammation, are evident in obese adolescents. Whether early detection of these cardiovascular risk factors will be useful for informing interventions to prevent disease progression needs further study. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trials Identifier: NCT0187903

Enhancing Biopharmaceutical Attributes of Phospholipid Complex-loaded Nanostructured Lipidic Carriers of Mangiferin: Systematic Development, Characterization and Evaluation

Mangiferin (Mgf), largely expressed out from the leaves and stem bark of Mango, is a potent antioxidant. However, its in vivo activity gets tremendously reduced owing to poor aqueous solubility and inconsistent gastrointestinal absorption, high hepatic first-pass metabolism and high P-gp efflux. The current research work, therefore, was undertaken to overcome the biopharmaceutical hiccups by developing the Mgf-phospholipid complex (PLCs) loaded in nanostructured lipidic carriers (NLCs). The PLCs and NLCs were prepared using refluxing, solvent evaporation and hot emulsification technique, respectively with various molar ratios of Mgf and Phospholipon 90 G, i.e., 1:1; 1:2; and 1:3. The complex was evaluated for various physicochemical parameters like drug content (96.57%), aqueous solubility (25-fold improved) and oil-water partition coefficient (10-fold enhanced). Diverse studies on the prepared complex using FTIR, DSC, PXRD and SEM studies ratified the formation of PLCs at 1:1 ratio. The PLCs were further incorporated onto NLCs, which were systematically optimized employing a face centered cubic design (FCCD), while evaluating for particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency and in vitro drug release as the CQAs. Caco-2 cell line indicated insignificant cytotoxicity, and P-gp efflux, bi-directional permeability model and in situ perfusion studies specified enhanced intestinal permeation parameters. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies revealed notable increase in the values of Cmax (4.7-fold) and AUC (2.1-fold), respectively, from PLCs-loaded NLCs vis-à-vis Mgf solution. In a nutshell, the promising results observed from the present research work signified boosted biopharmaceutical potential of the optimized PLCs-loaded NLCs for potentially augmenting the therapeutic efficacy of Mgf

Biomanufacturing of protective antibodies and other therapeutics in edible plant tissues for oral applications

[EN] Although plant expression systems used for production of therapeutic proteins have the advantage of being scalable at a low price, the downstream processing necessary to obtain pure therapeutic molecules is as expensive as for the traditional Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) platforms. However, when edible plant tissues (EPTs) are used, there is no need for exhaustive purification, because they can be delivered orally as partially purified formulations that are safe for consumption. This economic benefit is especially interesting when high doses of recombinant proteins are required throughout the treatment/prophylaxis period, as is the case for antibodies used for oral passive immunization (OPI). The secretory IgA (SIgA) antibodies, which are highly abundant in the digestive tract and mucosal secretions, and thus the first choice for OPI, have only been successfully produced in plant expression systems. Here, we cover most of the up-todate examples of EPT-produced pharmaceuticals, including two examples of SIgA aimed at oral delivery. We describe the benefits and drawbacks of delivering partially purified formulations and discuss a number of practical considerations and criteria to take into account when using plant expression systems, such as subcellular targeting, protein degradation, glycosylation patterns and downstream strategies, all crucial for improved yield, high quality and low cost of the final product.The authors would like to thank Annick Bleys for assistance with the manuscript preparation. P.J. would like to express gratitude towards the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competiveness for her FPU fellowship and towards the International Society for Plant Molecular Farming for their generous bursaries for attending the PBVAB 2015. This work was supported by grants from Research Foundation Flanders (FWO project G0C9714N), from the European Commission (H2020-MSCA-IF-2014 Proposal 658701-ImmunoFarm) and from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competiveness (Plan Nacional I+D Grant BIO2013-42193R).Juarez, P.; Virdi, V.; Depicker, A.; Orzáez Calatayud, DV. (2016). Biomanufacturing of protective antibodies and other therapeutics in edible plant tissues for oral applications. Plant Biotechnology Journal. 14(9):1791-1799. https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.12541S1791179914