Tumeurs cérébrales et téléphonie mobile chez les jeunes

International audienceL’utilisation croissante du téléphone portable chez les adolescents, et plus récemment chez les enfants, suscite des inquiétudes quant à de possibles effets sanitaires des radiofréquences. C’est dans ce contexte que le projet de recherche international "MOBI-KIDS" a été initié, afin d’évaluer chez les jeunes de 10 à 24 ans le risque potentiel de tumeurs cérébrales lié à l’exposition aux radiofréquences

Changes in water temperature and oxygen: the effect of triploidy on performance and metabolism in large farmed Atlantic salmon

In salmon farming, the use of sterile triploids (3N) can mitigate the problem of escapees interbreeding with wild salmon. However, triploid salmon appear less tolerant to high water temperatures and low oxygen levels compared to diploids (2N). To investigate how the thermal performance and physiology of large (2.5 kg) triploid Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. differs from those of diploids, both ploidies were subjected to water temperatures between 3 and 18°C. The fish were exposed to reduced oxygen saturations (O2 sat, 70%), termed hypoxia, at 6 and 18°C. Triploids fed more than diploids between 3 and 9°C and at similar levels at 12°C. At 15°C, the feed intake significantly dropped in both ploidies, although more in triploids. During hypoxia, feed intake was higher in triploids at 6°C and equal to diploids at 18°C. The overall feed conversion ratio was similar between ploidies. Muscle energy phosphates were generally lower in triploids than diploids, while muscle glucose, blood haemoglobin and haematocrit were lower in triploids than diploids at ≥12°C. Plasma lactate levels tended to be higher in triploids and increased with increasing temperature and at hypoxia in both ploidies. Plasma cortisol increased in both ploidies at high temperatures and was highest in triploids under hypoxic conditions at 18°C. Triploids had a higher cataract score at the start of the experiment and developed more cataracts throughout the experiment. The present findings show that large triploid Atlantic salmon perform better at colder water temperatures compared to diploids and differ in parts of their physiological expression at increasing and high temperature.publishedVersio

predictors of flares in infliximab treated children with inflammatory bowel disease

Abstract One third of pediatric IBD patients who initially respond to infliximab (IFX) lose that response over time. This retrospective study, including 62 children treated with IFX from 2004 to 2017, aimed to identify factors associated with clinical flare. Ulcerative colitis, extreme body mass index, and lowest IFX trough levels were associated with clinical flare in the whole population. In Crohn disease patients, perianal disease was pejorative, while location proximal to ligament of Treitz was protective. Underweight patients probably correspond to the most severe cases who are more likely to relapse, with hypoalbuminemia responsible for lower systemic IFX availability. Obesity probably induces higher IFX clearance

The MOBI-Kids Study Protocol: Challenges in Assessing Childhood and Adolescent Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields from Wireless Telecommunication Technologies and Possible Association with Brain Tumor Risk

The rapid increase in mobile phone use in young people has generated concern about possible health effects of exposure to radiofrequency (RF) and extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields (EMF). MOBI-Kids, a multinational case-control study, investigates the potential effects of childhood and adolescent exposure to EMF from mobile communications technologies on brain tumor risk in 14 countries. The study, which aims to include approximately 1,000 brain tumor cases aged 10-24 years and two individually matched controls for each case, follows a common protocol and builds upon the methodological experience of the INTERPHONE study. The design and conduct of a study on EMF exposure and brain tumor risk in young people in a large number of countries is complex and poses methodological challenges. This manuscript discusses the design of MOBI-Kids and describes the challenges and approaches chosen to address them, including: (1) the choice of controls operated for suspected appendicitis, to reduce potential selection bias related to low response rates among population controls; (2) investigating a young study population spanning a relatively wide age range; (3) conducting a large, multinational epidemiological study, while adhering to increasingly stricter ethics requirements; (4) investigating a rare and potentially fatal disease; and (5) assessing exposure to EMF from communication technologies. Our experience in thus far developing and implementing the study protocol indicates that MOBI-Kids is feasible and will generate results that will contribute to the understanding of potential brain tumor risks associated with use of mobile phones and other wireless communications technologies among young people

Study of the early incidence of occupational asthma among young workers engaged in at risk occupations and investigation of risk factors

Contexte - Concernant l'histoire naturelle de l'asthme professionnel (AP), les évidences s'accumulent sur le fait que le processus inflammatoire menant à l'asthme clinique se développe tôt dans le cursus des travailleurs. L'étude ABCD - Asthme en Boulangerie et Coiffure Débutant - poursuit deux objectifs : 1) décrire l'évolution temporelle de l'incidence de l'AP au cours des premières années d'exposition de boulangers/pâtissiers (BP) et coiffeurs - secteurs reconnus à risque d'AP - et 2) identifier les facteurs de risque personnels, professionnels et nutritionnels influençant cette incidence. Méthode - L'étude ABCD repose sur deux facettes intriquées : (i) une cohorte longitudinale rétrospective d'anciens apprentis d'ancienneté croissante permettant l'estimation de l'incidence précoce de l'AP, et (ii) une étude de type cas-témoin nichée dans la cohorte explorant certains facteurs de risque de l'AP. Résultats - 866 sujets participèrent à l'étude qui mit en évidence une incidence cumulée de l'AP élevée lors des 4 premières années d'exposition chez les BP, et dans un moindre degré chez les coiffeurs. Le risque d'AP dépend du statut atopique chez les BP ; il est positivement associé, chez les coiffeurs, à l'intensité de l'exposition et, dans une moindre mesure, à l'indice de masse corporelle et à certains facteurs nutritionnels. Conclusions - Cette étude a permis de produire des données originales sur l'incidence précoce de l'asthme professionnel. Ces données constituent un support pour le développement de campagnes de prévention, notamment pour la détection précoce de la maladie dès les premières années d'exposition.Context - Regarding the natural history of occupational asthma (OA), there is increasing evidence that the inflammatory process leading to clinical asthma appears early after inception of exposure. The ABCD study (French acronym for early asthma in bakery and hairdressing) aims to answer two objectives: 1) describe the temporal evolution of the OA incidence in the early years of exposure of bakers/pastry-makers (BP) and hairdressers - occupations known at risk of OA - and 2) identify personal, occupational and nutritional risk factors. Method - The ABCD study has two intertwined facets: (i) a retrospective longitudinal cohort of past apprentices of increasing seniority allowing to estimate the early incidence of OA, and (ii) a nested case-control study allowing to explore some risk factors of OA. Results - 866 subjects participated to the study. The ABCD study shows a high cumulative incidence of OA during the first 4 years of exposure among BP, and in a lesser extent, among hairdressers. While the OA risk depends on atopic status for BP, it is positively associated, for hairdressers, with exposure intensity and, to a lesser extent, to body mass index and with a variety of nutritioal factors. Conclusions - This study produced original data on early incidence of OA. These data may provide support for the development of preventive action, in particular for the detection of OA in the early years of exposure

ABCD : Etude de l'incidence précoce de l'asthme professionnel chez de jeunes travailleurs exerçant dans des professions à risque et investigations de ses facteurs de risque

Context - Regarding the natural history of occupational asthma (OA), there is increasing evidence that the inflammatory process leading to clinical asthma appears early after inception of exposure. The ABCD study (French acronym for early asthma in bakery and hairdressing) aims to answer two objectives: 1) describe the temporal evolution of the OA incidence in the early years of exposure of bakers/pastry-makers (BP) and hairdressers - occupations known at risk of OA - and 2) identify personal, occupational and nutritional risk factors. Method - The ABCD study has two intertwined facets: (i) a retrospective longitudinal cohort of past apprentices of increasing seniority allowing to estimate the early incidence of OA, and (ii) a nested case-control study allowing to explore some risk factors of OA. Results - 866 subjects participated to the study. The ABCD study shows a high cumulative incidence of OA during the first 4 years of exposure among BP, and in a lesser extent, among hairdressers. While the OA risk depends on atopic status for BP, it is positively associated, for hairdressers, with exposure intensity and, to a lesser extent, to body mass index and with a variety of nutritioal factors. Conclusions - This study produced original data on early incidence of OA. These data may provide support for the development of preventive action, in particular for the detection of OA in the early years of exposure.Contexte - Concernant l'histoire naturelle de l'asthme professionnel (AP), les évidences s'accumulent sur le fait que le processus inflammatoire menant à l'asthme clinique se développe tôt dans le cursus des travailleurs. L'étude ABCD - Asthme en Boulangerie et Coiffure Débutant - poursuit deux objectifs : 1) décrire l'évolution temporelle de l'incidence de l'AP au cours des premières années d'exposition de boulangers/pâtissiers (BP) et coiffeurs - secteurs reconnus à risque d'AP - et 2) identifier les facteurs de risque personnels, professionnels et nutritionnels influençant cette incidence. Méthode - L'étude ABCD repose sur deux facettes intriquées : (i) une cohorte longitudinale rétrospective d'anciens apprentis d'ancienneté croissante permettant l'estimation de l'incidence précoce de l'AP, et (ii) une étude de type cas-témoin nichée dans la cohorte explorant certains facteurs de risque de l'AP. Résultats - 866 sujets participèrent à l'étude qui mit en évidence une incidence cumulée de l'AP élevée lors des 4 premières années d'exposition chez les BP, et dans un moindre degré chez les coiffeurs. Le risque d'AP dépend du statut atopique chez les BP ; il est positivement associé, chez les coiffeurs, à l'intensité de l'exposition et, dans une moindre mesure, à l'indice de masse corporelle et à certains facteurs nutritionnels. Conclusions - Cette étude a permis de produire des données originales sur l'incidence précoce de l'asthme professionnel. Ces données constituent un support pour le développement de campagnes de prévention, notamment pour la détection précoce de la maladie dès les premières années d'exposition

ABCD (Etude de l'incidence précoce de l'asthme professionnel chez de jeunes travailleurs exerçant dans des professions à risque et investigations de ses facteurs de risque)

Contexte - Concernant l'histoire naturelle de l'asthme professionnel (AP), les évidences s'accumulent sur le fait que le processus inflammatoire menant à l'asthme clinique se développe tôt dans le cursus des travailleurs. L'étude ABCD - Asthme en Boulangerie et Coiffure Débutant - poursuit deux objectifs : 1) décrire l'évolution temporelle de l'incidence de l'AP au cours des premières années d'exposition de boulangers/pâtissiers (BP) et coiffeurs - secteurs reconnus à risque d'AP - et 2) identifier les facteurs de risque personnels, professionnels et nutritionnels influençant cette incidence. Méthode - L'étude ABCD repose sur deux facettes intriquées : (i) une cohorte longitudinale rétrospective d'anciens apprentis d'ancienneté croissante permettant l'estimation de l'incidence précoce de l'AP, et (ii) une étude de type cas-témoin nichée dans la cohorte explorant certains facteurs de risque de l'AP. Résultats - 866 sujets participèrent à l'étude qui mit en évidence une incidence cumulée de l'AP élevée lors des 4 premières années d'exposition chez les BP, et dans un moindre degré chez les coiffeurs. Le risque d'AP dépend du statut atopique chez les BP ; il est positivement associé, chez les coiffeurs, à l'intensité de l'exposition et, dans une moindre mesure, à l'indice de masse corporelle et à certains facteurs nutritionnels. Conclusions - Cette étude a permis de produire des données originales sur l'incidence précoce de l'asthme professionnel. Ces données constituent un support pour le développement de campagnes de prévention, notamment pour la détection précoce de la maladie dès les premières années d'exposition.Context - Regarding the natural history of occupational asthma (OA), there is increasing evidence that the inflammatory process leading to clinical asthma appears early after inception of exposure. The ABCD study (French acronym for early asthma in bakery and hairdressing) aims to answer two objectives: 1) describe the temporal evolution of the OA incidence in the early years of exposure of bakers/pastry-makers (BP) and hairdressers - occupations known at risk of OA - and 2) identify personal, occupational and nutritional risk factors. Method - The ABCD study has two intertwined facets: (i) a retrospective longitudinal cohort of past apprentices of increasing seniority allowing to estimate the early incidence of OA, and (ii) a nested case-control study allowing to explore some risk factors of OA. Results - 866 subjects participated to the study. The ABCD study shows a high cumulative incidence of OA during the first 4 years of exposure among BP, and in a lesser extent, among hairdressers. While the OA risk depends on atopic status for BP, it is positively associated, for hairdressers, with exposure intensity and, to a lesser extent, to body mass index and with a variety of nutritioal factors. Conclusions - This study produced original data on early incidence of OA. These data may provide support for the development of preventive action, in particular for the detection of OA in the early years of exposure.NANCY1-Bib. numérique (543959902) / SudocSudocFranceF

Hypoxia tolerance thresholds for post-smolt Atlantic salmon: Dependency of temperature and hypoxia acclimation

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) experience periodic drops in dissolved oxygen (O2) inside aquaculture sea cages. In order to evaluate whether fish function or welfare is compromised during such drops in O2 (termed hypoxia), it is necessary to establish the limit for acceptable O2 reductions; the hypoxia tolerance threshold. In the present study, effects of temperature (6, 12 and 18 °C) and hypoxia acclimation (33 days of hypoxic periods down to 50% O2 occurring every 6 h at 16 °C) on the routine oxygen consumption rate (ṀO2) and the limiting oxygen saturation (LOS, defined as the hypoxia tolerance threshold) were investigated in undisturbed, fed fish kept in groups with the aim of resembling commercial aquaculture conditions. ṀO2 was measured using open respirometry where a progressive decline in O2 was caused by fish O2 consumption during a period of low water turnover. LOS was defined as the O2 below which fish were no longer able to uphold routine ṀO2. Both ṀO2 and LOS were found to increase exponentially with temperature (Q10 = 2.7 for ṀO2 and 1.8 for LOS), but no effect of hypoxia acclimation was found. The mean (± SE) LOS at 6, 12, 16 and 18 °C was 30 ± 1, 39 ± 1, 47 ± 1 and 55 ± 2% of air saturation respectively. The variation in LOS within and across temperatures was to a large extent explained by variation in ṀO2 (R2 = 0.93), suggesting that LOS increases with any factor that raises the metabolic rate of Atlantic salmon. This study provides aquaculturists and legislators with a lower limit for acceptable drops in O2 at temperatures relevant for the on-growing phase in Atlantic salmon aquaculture, and discusses the variation in LOS that can be expected at a given temperature