656 research outputs found
Observed Characteristics and Vertical Structure of Mesoscale Eddies in the Southwest Tropical Pacific
In the Southwest Pacific Ocean, waters transit from the subtropical gyre before being redistributed equatorward and poleward. While the mean pathways are known, the contribution to the mixing and transport of the water from mesoscale eddies has not been comprehensively investigated. In this research, satellite altimetry data, combined with an eddy detection and tracking algorithm is used to investigate the distribution and surface characteristics of mesoscale eddies in this region of complex bathymetry (10°S–30°S, 140°E–190°E). Detected eddies are then colocalized with in situ data from Argo floats to determine their vertical structure and the effect of eddies on the water masses. The numerous islands affect the eddy behavior as most eddies are formed in the lee of islands, propagate westward and decay when encountering shallow bathymetry. Eddies are sparse and short‐lived in the tropical area north of Fiji, impacting only the top 200 meters of water. They do not appear to be able to trap and transport waters in this region. In the Coral Sea, a region of lateral shear between currents transporting waters of different origins, eddies are more numerous and energetic. They affect the water properties down to at least 500 m depth, and anticyclonic eddies trap water to ∼200 m, contributing to the upper thermocline waters mixing and transport. South of New Caledonia, mesoscale eddies are ubiquitous, with typical lifetimes longer than 5 months. They affect the temperature, salinity, and velocities down to ∼1,000 m depth, and weakly contribute to the mixing of lower thermocline waters
Economic burden and comorbidities of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder among pediatric patients hospitalized in the United States
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>This retrospective database analysis used data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) to examine common primary diagnoses among children and adolescents hospitalized with a secondary diagnosis of attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and assessed the burden of ADHD.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Hospitalized children (aged 6-11 years) and adolescents (aged 12-17 years) with a secondary diagnosis of ADHD were identified. The 10 most common primary diagnoses (using the first 3 digits of the ICD-9-CM code) were reported for each age group. Patients with 1 of these conditions were selected to analyze demographics, length of stay (LOS), and costs. Control patients were selected if they had 1 of the 10 primary diagnoses and no secondary ADHD diagnosis. Patient and hospital characteristics were reported by cohort (i.e., patients with ADHD vs. controls), and LOS and costs were reported by primary diagnosis. Multivariable linear regression analyses were undertaken to adjust LOS and costs based on patient and hospital characteristics.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of 126,056 children and 204,176 adolescents were identified as having a secondary diagnosis of ADHD. Among children and adolescents with ADHD, the most common diagnoses tended to be mental health related (i.e., affective psychoses, emotional disturbances, conduct disturbances, depressive disorder, or adjustment reaction). Other common diagnoses included general symptoms, asthma (in children only), and acute appendicitis. Among patients with ADHD, a higher percentage were male, white, and covered by Medicaid. LOS and costs were higher among children with ADHD and a primary diagnosis of affective psychoses (by 0.61 days and 940), or depressive disorder (by 0.41 days and 352), depressive disorder (by 0.94 days and 1,330), emotional disturbances (by 1.45 days and 702), and neurotic disorders (by 1.60 days and $541) versus controls.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Clinicians and health care decision makers should be aware of the potential impact of ADHD on hospitalized children and adolescents.</p
Millimeter-wave Searches for Cold Dust and Molecular Gas around T Tauri Stars in MBM 12
We report results of a sensitive search for cold dust and molecular gas in
the disks around 8 T Tauri stars in the high-latitude cloud MBM 12.
Interferometric observations of 3 mm continuum emission in 5 fields containing
6 of the objects, and literature values for the remaining two, limit the disk
masses to M_disk < 0.04 - 0.09 M_sun (gas+dust), for a gas:dust mass ratio of
100 and a distance of 275 pc. By coadding the 3 mm data of our five fields, we
set an upper limit to the average disk mass of (N=5) < 0.03 M_sun.
Simultaneous observation of the CS J=2-1 and the N2H+ 1-0 lines show no
emission. Single-dish observations of the 13CO 2-1 line limit the disk mass to
(5 - 10) * 10^-4 M_sun for a standard CO abundance of 2 * 10^-4. Depletion of
CO by up to two orders of magnitude, through freezing out or photodissociation,
can reconcile these limits. These mass limits lie within the range found in the
Taurus-Auriga and rho Oph star-forming regions (0.001 - 0.3 M_sun), and
preclude conclusions about possible decrease in disk mass over the 1 - 2 Myr
age range spanned by the latter two regions and MBM 12. Our observations can
exclude the presence in MBM 12 of T Tauri stars with relatively bright and
massive disks such as T Tau, DG Tau, and GG Tau.Comment: 17 pages, 3 figures, uses AASTeX, accepted by The Astronomical
Journa
Improved KL->pi e nu Form Factor and Phase Space Integral with Reduced Model Uncertainty
Using the published KTeV sample of 2 million KL-> pi e nu decays and a new
form factor expansion with a rigorous bound on higher order terms, we present a
new determination of the KL->pi e nu form factor and phase space integral.
Compared to the previous KTeV result, the uncertainty in the new form factor
expansion is negligible and results in an overall uncertainty in the phase
space integral (IKe) that is a factor of two smaller: IKe = 0.15392 +- 0.00048
\.Comment: 3 pages, 2 figures, submitted to PRD Rapid Communicatio
Measurements of the Decay
The E799-II (KTeV) experiment at Fermilab has collected 83262 events above a background of 79 events. We measure a decay width,
normalized to the (\pi^0 \to \gamma\gamma, \pi^0 to
\gamma\gamma, \pi^0_D \to e^+e^-\gamma) decay width, of K_L \to
e^+e^-\gamma. We also measure parameters of two form factor models. In the Bergstrom, Masso, and Singer
(BMS) parametrization, we find \caks = -0.517 \pm 0.030_{stat} \pm
0.022_{syst}. We separately fit for the first parameter of the D'Ambrosio,
Isidori, and Portoles (DIP) model and find \adip = -1.729 \pm 0.043_{stat} \pm
0.028_{syst}.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, submitted to PR
Internal and external threat in relationship with right-wing attitudes
Objective
Previous studies on the relationship between threat and right-wing attitudes have tended to focus on either internal threat, emanating from one's private life, or external threat, originating from society. However, these studies failed to examine whether these types of threats constitute two distinctive dimensions and which of these threats is most closely related to right-wing attitudes.
Method
In order to explore the dimensions underlying threat, a factor analysis on a variety of threat scales was conducted (Study 1; N?=?300). Furthermore, in a meta-analysis (Study 2; total N?=?22,086) and a questionnaire study in a large representative sample (Study 3, N?=?800) the strength of the relationships of internal and external threat with right-wing attitudes were investigated.
Results
The present studies revealed that internal and external threat can be considered as two distinct dimensions underlying threat. Moreover, whereas external threat yielded strong relationships with right-wing attitudes, internal threat only explained a minor part of the variance in these attitudes.
Conclusions
External rather than internal threat underlies the relationship between threat and right-wing attitudes
Determination of the Parity of the Neutral Pion via the Four-Electron Decay
We present a new determination of the parity of the neutral pion via the
double Dalitz decay pi^0 -> e+ e- e+ e-. Our sample, which consists of 30511
candidate decays, was collected from K_L -> pi0 pi0 pi0 decays in flight at the
KTeV-E799 experiment at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. We confirm the
negative pi^0 parity, and place a limit on scalar contributions to the pi^0 ->
e+ e- e+ e- decay amplitude of less than 3.3% assuming CPT conservation. The
pi^0 gamma* gamma* form factor is well described by a momentum-dependent model
with a slope parameter fit to the final state phase space distribution.
Additionally, we have measured the branching ratio of this mode to be B(pi^0 ->
e+ e- e+ e-) = (3.26 +- 0.18) x 10^(-5).Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures. Typographical error in radiative branching ratio
(Eq. 6) correcte
Expression of Functional Anti-p24 scFv 183-H12-5C in HEK293T and Jurkat T Cells
Purpose: More than half of the diagnostic and therapeutic recombinant protein production
depends on mammalian-based expression system. However, the generation of recombinant
antibodies remains a challenge in mammalian cells due to the disulfide bond formation and
reducing cytoplasm. Therefore, the production of functional recombinant antibodies in
target cell line is necessary to be evaluated before used in therapeutic application such
intrabodies against HIV-1.
Methods: The work was to test expression of a single-chain variable fragment (scFv)
antibody against HIV-1 Capsid p24 protein in a human mammalian-based expression
system using HEK293T and Jurkat T cells as a model. Three expression plasmid vectors
expressing scFv 183-H12-5C were generated and introduced into HEK293T. Expression of
the scFv was analyzed, while ELISA and immunoblotting analysis verified its binding. The
evaluation of the recombinant antibody was confirmed by HIV-1 replication and MAGI
infectivity assay in Jurkat T cells.
Results: Three plasmid vectors expressing scFv 183-H12-5C was successfully engineered
in this study. Recombinant antibodies scFv (~29 kDa) and scFv-Fc (~52 kDa) in the
cytoplasm of HEK293T were effectively obtained by transfected the cells with engineered
pCDNA3.3-mu-IgGk-scFv 183-H12-5C and pCMX2.5-scFv 183-H12-5C-hIgG1-Fc
plasmid vectors respectively. scFv and scFv-Fc are specifically bound recombinant p24, and
HIV-1 derived p24 (gag) evaluated by ELISA and Western blot. Jurkat T cells transfected
by pCDNA3.3-scFv 183-H12-5C inhibit the replication-competent NL4-3 viral infectivity
up to 60%.
Conclusion: Anti-p24 scFv 183-H12-5C antibody generated is suitable to be acted as
intrabodies and may serve as a valuable tool for the development of antibody-based
biotherapeutics against HIV-1
Search for the Rare Decays KL->pi0pi0mu+mu- and KL->pi0pi0X0->pi0pi0mu+mu-
The KTeV E799 experiment has conducted a search for the rare decays
KL->pi0pi0mu+mu- and KL->pi0pi0X0->pi0pi0mu+mu-, where the X0 is a possible new
neutral boson that was reported by the HyperCP experiment with a mass of (214.3
pm 0.5) MeV/c^{2}. We find no evidence for either decay. We obtain upper limits
of Br(KL->pi0pi0X0->pi0pi0mu+mu-) pi0pi0mu+mu-) <
9.2 x 10^{-11} at the 90% confidence level. This result rules out the
pseudoscalar X0 as an explanation of the HyperCP result under the scenario that
the \bar{d}sX0 coupling is completely real
Search for the Rare Decay K_{L}\to\pi^{0}\pi^{0}\gamma
The KTeV E799 experiment has conducted a search for the rare decay
via the topology
(where ). Due to Bose
statistics of the pair and the real nature of the photon, the
decay is restricted to proceed at lowest order
by the CP conserving direct emission (DE) of an E2 electric quadrupole photon.
The rate of this decay is interesting theoretically since chiral perturbation
theory predicts that this process vanishes at level . Therefore, this
mode probes chiral perturbation theory at . In this paper we report a
determination of an upper limit of (90% CL) for
. This is approximately a factor of 20 lower than
previous results.Comment: six pages and six figures in the submission. Reformatted for Physics
Review
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