234 research outputs found

    Prevalence and risk factors of Neospora caninum infection in ovine flocks of central-western Mexico

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    This study, carried out in 13 sheep flocks of central-western Mexico, aimed to identify the prevalence of anti-N. caninum antibodies, to develop a risk analysis of the infection and to estimate the prevalence of parasite DNA in blood. A total of 368 serum and blood samples were subjected to ELISA and PCR tests, respectively, and the association between the prevalence of antibodies and some management factors was estimated. The overall prevalence of anti-N. caninum antibodies was 13.5% [50/368; 95% confidence interval (CI) 10–17], ranging from 2.7 to 90% per flock, and 92% of the farms had seropositive animals. In ewes the prevalence was 14% (48/348, 95% CI 10–17) and in rams 10% (2/20; 95% CI 1– 33). The mean prevalence of Neospora DNA in blood was 27% (99/368, 95% CI 22–31), implying a range between 16 and 82%. In rams, the prevalence was 5% (1/20 95% CI 2–26), while in ewes it was 28% (98/348, 95% CI 23–33). The agreement between the tests was k = 0.19. The presence of other domestic animal species in the farms [odds ratio (OR) 4.4] and the consumption of placental debris, fetuses and stillborn lambs by dogs living in the farms (OR 5.8) were demonstrated to be risk factors

    El linaje K´ulub cambia de estrategia. Diversificación productiva en la zona cafetalera de Oxchuc, Chiapas.

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     Se analiza un caso de innovación socioambiental exitosa en un contexto de deterioro generalizado de las condiciones de vida y de trabajo de los campesinos mexicanos. Se describe la lógica aplicada por los miembros del linaje K´ulub (Oxchuc, Chiapas), para lograr un cambio en su estrategia de vida. Se aplicó el método de estudios de caso para observar el comportamiento del linaje K´ulub durante el periodo 2007-2014. El marco de Medios de Vida permitió analizar el proceso de cambio de estrategia del linaje. El estudio de los ciclos de la política pública permitió comprender la forma en que el líder del linaje K´ulub interactúa con las dependencias gubernamentales. Los resultados muestran que el gestor del linaje (Wolwanej) participó en diversos talleres que le permitieron hacer el diagnóstico de su situación, buscar y elegir alternativas de solución deseables, movilizar sus propios recursos y gestionar los faltantes (principalmente capital físico y financiero), y ejecutar su idea de proyecto, con un éxito notable. Aunque en el proceso se involucraron varias dependencias y actores locales, el Wolwanej siempre mantuvo su autonomía. Se concluye que en las comunidades indígenas existen formas de organización y prácticas organizativas que permiten la introducción y persistencia de innovaciones socioambientales

    Infección por Neospora caninum en ganado de carne mantenido en condiciones de pastoreo en el centro-norte de México

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     Objetive. To determine the seroprevalence of N. caninum antibodies and prevalence of parasite DNA in blood, and estimate the association between seroprevalence and the potential risk of some factors in beef cattle under grazing conditions in north-central Mexico. Materials and methods. Blood samples from 139 cows and only 10 bulls belonging to 13 farms were collected and evaluated by ELISA test to detect antibodies against N. caninum. Furthermore, to determine the presence of parasite DNA, nested PCR probe was performed on blood samples. Association between potential risk factors and seroprevalence was estimated. Results. Overall seroprevalence was 23% (35/149 samples), while the prevalence of parasite DNA in blood was 28% (42/149 samples). Of the 149 animals examined 28 (19%) were positive to both tests (25 cows and 3 bulls). Concordance between tests was k = 0.63. All herds had seropositive animals with positive parasite DNA detection in blood. The only risk factor identified was the presence of dogs (OR= 2.65). Conclusions. This study showed that bovine neospososis should be considered as an important infectious disease in north-central Mexico herds. Therefore, an epidemiological control should be taken into consideration to avoid the negative effect of this disease on mexican beef industry.Objetivo. Determinar la seroprevalencia de anticuerpos contra N. caninum y la prevalencia de ADN del parásito en sangre y estimar la asociación entre la seroprevalencia y algunos potenciales factores de riesgo de ganado de carne mantenido bajo condiciones de pastoreo en el centro–norte de México. Materiales y métodos. Se seleccionaron trece hatos ganaderos, en los cuales se recolectaron muestras de suero sanguíneo de 139 vacas y de solo 10 sementales, que fueron evaluados mediante la prueba de ELISA para detectar anticuerpos contra N. caninum. Por otra parte, se realizó una prueba de PCR anidado en muestras de sangre para determinar la presencia de ADN del parásito. Se estimó la asociación entre la seroprevalencia y algunos potenciales factores de riesgo. Resultados. La seroprevalencia general fue de 23%, mientras que la prevalencia a la presencia de ADN del parásito en sangre fue de 28%. Veintiocho muestras de 149 fueron positivas en ambas pruebas, mientras que 3/10 sementales fueron positivos en las dos pruebas. La concordancia entre las pruebas fue k=0.63. Todos los hatos tuvieron animales seropositivos y con presencia de ADN del parásito en sangre. El único factor de riesgo identificado fue la presencia de perros (OR=2.65). Conclusiones. La infección por N. caninum determinada en este estudio es importante, y deberá de ser más documentada; del mismo modo, algunas medidas de control deberán de considerarse para limitar sus efectos negativos en la industria mexicana de la carne

    Control de Haematobia irritans y Stomoxys calcitrans con Metarhizium anisopliae en ganado naturalmente infestado

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    Objective. Assess the efficacy of Metarhizium anisopliae strain 135 (Ma135) applied by aspersion to reduce simultaneous infestation of Haematobia irritans and Stomoxys calcitrans in naturally infested cattle maintained in a production system which combine grazing and confinement in pens. Materials and methods. Was applied an aqueous formulation of Ma135 (1x108 conidia/ml) on a nine cows group in six occasions with seven days interval, while the control group received the same formulation without conidial content. The infestation index was estimated daily for each fly independently; the effectiveness of the formulation was calculated using the Abbott’s formula. Results. The Ma135 formulation had a reduction in the fly population of 58% for H. irritans and 69% for S. calcitrans, taking into consideration the six study weeks, in addition to causing no negative effects on animal health. An Infestation index reduction was observed from the first week post-treatment (p<0.05) and maintained this trend throughout the study. Conclusions. The present study has demonstrated the potential of strain Ma135 to reduce the simultaneous infestation of both hematophagous flies in cattle under conditions of natural infestation.Objetivo. Evaluar la eficacia de la cepa 135 de Metarhizium anisopliae (Ma135) aplicada por aspersión para reducir la infestación simultánea de Haematobia irritans y Stomoxys calcitrans en ganado naturalmente infestado mantenido en un sistema de producción de leche que combina el pastoreo y el confinamiento en corrales. Materiales y métodos. Se aplicó una formulación acuosa de Ma135 (1x108 conidios/ml) a un grupo de nueve vacas en seis ocasiones con un intervalo de siete días, mientras que el grupo control recibió una solución compuesta por agua, Monooleato de polioxietileno sorbitán en solución 0.01% y un adyuvante agrícola al 0.1%. Se estimó diariamente el índice de infestación para cada mosca de forma independiente; la efectividad de la formulación se calculó usando la fórmula de Abbott. Resultados. La formulación de Ma135 tuvo una eficacia en el control de la infestación de 58% para el caso de H. irritans y de 69% para S. calcitrans, tomando en cuenta las seis semanas de estudio, además de que no causó ningún efecto negativo en la salud de los animales. La reducción del índice de infestación se observó desde la primera semana post-tratamiento (p<0.05) y mantuvo esta tendencia durante todo el estudio. Conclusiones. El presente estudio ha demostrado el potencial de la cepa Ma135 para reducir la infestación simultánea de ambas moscas hematófagas en el ganado bajo condiciones de infestación natural

    Frecuencia de Cryptosporidium en perros asociados a establos lecheros y en áreas urbanas del estado de Aguascalientes, México

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    The intestinal parasite Cryptosporidium spp. is highly infectious in wild and domestic animals and humans. Infection frequency in dogs can vary between rural and urban environments. Cryptosporidium spp. infection frequency was quantified in dogs on dairy farms and in an urban area in the state of Aguascalientes, Mexico, and some possible risk factors analyzed. Feces samples were collected from 168 dogs at 30 dairy farms distributed among the state’s ten municipalities (rural), and from 144 dogs at the Aguascalientes municipal Animal Control, Care and Welfare Center (urban area). Fecal smears were stained with Kinyoun to identify and count parasite oocysts. A questionnaire was applied to gather information on factors that could increase infection risk, and a risk analysis run using logistic regression. Overall infection frequency was 20.5 % (64/312; CI95% 16-25). In farm dogs it was 30 % (51/168; 95% CI 23-38) and in urban dogs 9 % (13/144; 95% CI 5-15). Seventy percent (70 %) of the dairy farms had positive dogs, average number of dogs per farm was 5.6, and dog density per farm was 2 to 12. Diarrheic feces was the only identified risk factor for Cryptosporidium infection, in both urban dogs (OR, 3.2; 95% CI 1.06-9.79 P<0.03) and farm dogs (OR, 2.7; CI95% 1.36-5.49 P<0.001). Infection frequency was highest in farm dogs, suggesting a consequently higher probability of cross-infection in this type of environment.El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la frecuencia de Cryptosporidium spp, así como llevar a cabo la identificación de algunos factores de riesgo asociados a la infección en perros asociados a establos lecheros en Aguascalientes, México, y en perros procedentes del área urbana de la capital del mismo estado. Se colectaron muestras de excremento de 168 perros domiciliados en 30 establos lecheros distribuidos en diez municipios del estado, y de 144 perros residentes del Centro de Control, Atención y Bienestar Animal (CCABA), del municipio de Aguascalientes (área urbana), las cuales se procesaron mediante frotis fecal teñido con Kinyoun para identificar la presencia de ooquistes del parásito. Se levantó una encuesta para identificar diferentes características de los individuos y se realizó un análisis de riesgos mediante regresión logística. La frecuencia general de perros infectados por Cryptosporidium spp., fue 20.5 % (64/312; IC95% 16-25), mientras que en los perros procedentes del CCABA fue 9 % (13/144; IC95% 5-15), y en los asociados a establos fue de 30 % (51/168; IC95% 23-38). El 70 % de los establos tuvieron animales positivos, mientras que el promedio de perros por establo fue de 5.6, y la densidad fue de 2 a 12 perros. Se identificó como factor de riesgo a la infección por Cryptosporidium a la variable excremento diarreico, tanto en los perros de origen urbano (OR, 3.2; IC95% 1.06-9.79 P<0.03) como en los asociados a los establos (OR, 2.7; IC95% 1.36-5.49 P<0.001). En ninguna de las otras variables analizadas fue posible identificar una asociación estadísticamente significativa

    Adaptación y validación española del Controlling Coach Behaviors Scale (CCBS)

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    The aim of this study was to validate and adapt the Controlling Coach Behaviors Scale (CCBS). In the study 444 high school students with a mean age of 15.3 years were involved. The analysis confirmatory factorial revealed adequate adjustment indices for the new version of the scale, showing the invariant factor structure with respect to sex. The factors that make up the scale obtained a high internal consistency and temporary stability. The analysis of criterion validity showed that intimidation and control through rewards significantly predicted demotivation, with a positive regression weight. This new instrument can help to analyze with validity and reliability the interpersonal style of physical education teacher control over students.El objetivo de este estudio fue validar y adaptar el Controlling Coach Behaviors Scale (CCBS). En el estudio participaron 444 estudiantes de secundaria con una edad media de 15.3 años. El análisis factorial confirmatorio reveló unos índices de ajuste adecuados para la nueva versión de la escala, mostrándose la estructura factorial invariante respecto al sexo. Los factores que integran la escala obtuvieron una alta consistencia interna y estabilidad temporal. El análisis de validez de criterio mostró que la intimidación y el control mediante recompensas predijeron significativamente la desmotivación, con un peso de regresión positivo. Este nuevo instrumento puede ayudar a analizar con validez y fiabilidad el estilo interpersonal de control del docente sobre los estudiantes

    Empirical Research in Colombian Services Sector: Relation between Transformational Leadership, Climate and Commitment

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    The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between the variables of transformational leadership, climate and commitment in a sample of 319 workers of a multinational organization in the Colombian Services Sector. For data collection, we used the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ), the climate/culture questionnaire FOCUS-93 and the Intellectual, Social and Affective Commitment Scale (ISA). Data were processed with SPSS 23 and AMOS 22 for modeling with structural equations. In the path diagram, calculated according to the indicators of structural adjustments, variances were obtained for the dimensions of organizational commitment. The resulting model presented favorable adjustment indicators as evidenced in the results, and the relationship between commitment and climate was significant (β = 4.61; p = 0.001), as well as between climate and commitment (β = 0.018; p = 0.001). However, the relationship between transformational leadership and commitment was not direct but mediated through organizational climate

    Set the Controls for the Heart of the Maths. The Protective Factor of Resilience in the Face of Mathematical Anxiety

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    According to the latest PISA report, the level of mathematical competence of Spanish students is far behind the rest of the OECD countries. One of the main reasons for this is the animosity that students feel towards this subject. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the processes of overcoming the vicissitudes of mathematical anxiety with respect to motivation, metacognitive strategies and academic performance. This study involved 1742 high school students with an average age of 14.87. To analyze the variables of the study, descriptive statistical analyses and a model of structural equations were carried out. The results revealed a negative correlation between resilience and anxiety. In turn, resilience was positively related to motivation and metacognitive strategies, while anxiety was negatively related to motivation and metacognitive strategies. Motivation was positively related to metacognitive strategies and academic performance; finally, metacognitive strategies were positively related to academic performance

    Local Luminous Infrared Galaxies. II. AGN Activity from Spitzer/IRS spectra

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    We quantify the active galactic nucleus (AGN) contribution to the mid-infrared (mid-IR) and the total infrared (IR, 8-1000micron) emission in a complete volume-limited sample of 53 local luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs). We decompose the Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) low-resolution 5-38micron spectra of the LIRGs into AGN and starburst components using clumpy torus models and star-forming galaxy templates, respectively. We find that 50% (25/50) of local LIRGs have an AGN component detected with this method. There is good agreement between these AGN detections through mid-IR spectral decomposition and other AGN indicators, such as the optical spectral class, mid-IR spectral features and X-ray properties. Taking all the AGN indicators together, the AGN detection rate in the individual nuclei of LIRGs is ~62%. The derived AGN bolometric luminosities are in the range L_bol(AGN)=0.4 -50x10^{43} erg/s. The AGN bolometric contribution to the IR luminosities of the galaxies is generally small, with 70% of LIRGs having L_bol(AGN)/L_IR<0.05. Only ~8% of local LIRGs have a significant AGN bolometric contribution L_bol(AGN)/L_IR > 0.25. From the comparison of our results with literature results of ultraluminous infrared galaxies, we confirm that in the local universe the AGN bolometric contribution to the IR luminosity increases with the IR luminosity of the galaxy/system. If we add up the AGN bolometric luminosities we find that AGNs only account for 5%^{+8%}_{-3%} of the total IR luminosity produced by local LIRGs (with and without AGN detections). This proves that the bulk of the IR luminosity of local LIRGs is due to star formation activity. Taking the newly determined IR luminosity density of LIRGs in the local universe, we then estimate an AGN IR luminosity density of Omega_IR(AGN) = 3x10^5 L_sun Mpc^{-3}$ in LIRGs.Comment: 20 pages, accepted for publication in Ap
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