The Effects of Restoring Logged Tropical Forests on Avian Phylogenetic and Functional Diversity.

Selective logging is the most prevalent land-use change in the tropics. Despite the resulting degradation of forest structure, selectively logged forests still harbour a substantial amount of biodiversity leading to suggestions that their protection is the next best alternative to conserving primary, old-growth forests. Restoring carbon stocks under Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) schemes is a potential method for obtaining funding to protect logged forests, via enrichment planting and liberation cutting of vines. This study investigates the impacts of restoring logged forests in Borneo on avian phylogenetic diversity-the total evolutionary history shared across all species within a community-and on functional diversity, with important implications for the protection of evolutionarily unique species and the provision of many ecosystem services. Overall and understorey avifaunal communities were studied using point count and mist-netting surveys, respectively. Restoration caused a significant loss in phylogenetic diversity and MPD (mean pairwise distance) leaving an overall bird community of less total evolutionary history and more closely related species compared to unlogged forests, while the understorey bird community had MNTD (mean nearest taxon distance) that returned towards the lower levels found in a primary forest, indicating more closely related species pairs. The overall bird community experienced a significant loss of functional strategies and species with more specialized traits in restored forests compared to that of unlogged forests, which led to functional clustering in the community. Restoration also led to a reduction in functional richness and thus niches occupied in the understorey bird community compared to unlogged forests. While there are additional benefits of restoration for forest regeneration, carbon sequestration, future timber harvests, and potentially reduced threat of forest conversion, this must be weighed against the apparent loss of phylogenetic and functional diversity from unlogged forest levels, making the biodiversity-friendliness of carbon sequestration schemes questionable under future REDD+ agreements. To reduce perverse biodiversity outcomes, it is important to focus restoration only on the most degraded areas or at reduced intensity where breaks between regimes are incorporated. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

[Música pop / rock]

Intérpretes: The Rolling Stones. Carole King. Jethro Tull. John Mayal. The byrds. Simón & Garfunkel. José Feliciano. Donovan. Serrat. Arthur Conley. Otis Redding & Carla Thomas. Aretha Franklin. Creedence Clearwater RevivalCinta 1: "You've got a friend" / Carole King – Min. 04.55: "Ruby tuesday" / Rolling Stones – Min. 07.57: "Have you seen your mother, baby standing in he shadow?" / Rolling Stones – Min. 10.24: "Let's spend the night together" / Rolling Stones – Min. 13.41: "Lady Jane" / Rolling Stones – Min. 16.42: "Out of time" / Rolling Stones – Min. 20.16: "My girl" / Jethro Tull – Min. 22.51: “Bourée” / Jethro Tull -- Min. 26.05: "A new day yesterday" / Jethro Tull – Min. 30.21: "We use toknow" / Jethro Tull – Min. 34.22: "Room to move" / John Mayall – Min. 38.43: Aplausos – Min. 39.04: "Mr. Tambourine man" / The Byrds – Min. 41.18: "I'll feel a whole lot better" / The Byrds – Min. 43.50: "The dangling conversation" / Simon & Garfunkel – Min. 46.22: "Flowers never bend with the rainfall" / Simon & Garfunkel – Min. 48.28: "A simple desultory Philippic" / Simon & Garfunkel – Min. 50.33: "For Emily, whenerver I may find her" / Simon & Garfunkel – Min. 52.41: "A poem on the underground wall" / Simon & Garfunkel – Min. 54.25: "7 o'clock-silent night" / Simon & Garfunkel – Min. 56.18: "Pegao” / José Feliciano – Min. 58.54: "She come in through the bathroom window" / José Feliciano – 1 Hora Min. 02.03: "Colours" / Donovan – 1 Hora Min. 06.13: "Hurdy gurdy man" / Donovan – 1 Hora Min. 09.16: "Catch the wind" / Donovan -- 1 Hora Min. 14.10: "Jennifer Juniper" / Donovan – 1 Hora Min. 16.45: "Señora" / Serrat – 1 Hora Min. 19.52: "Fiesta" / Serrat – 1 Hora Min. 22.17: "Funky street" / Arthur Conley – 1 Hora Min. 24.33: "Knock on wood" / Otis Redding & Carla Thomas – 1 Hora Min. 27.17: "Think" / Aretha Franklin (incompleta) -- Cinta 2: "I put a spell on you" / Creedence Clearwater Revival – Min. 04.09: "The working man" / Creedence Clearwater Revival – Min. 07.04: “Suzie Q" / Creedence Clearwater Revival – Min. 15.04: "Ninety-nine and half" / Creedence Clearwater Revival -- Min. 18.24: "Get down woman" / Creedence Clearwater Revival – Min. 21.21: "Porterville" / Creedence Clearwater Revival -- Min. 23.32: "Gloomy" / Creedence Clearwater Revival – Min. 27.06: "Walk on the water" / Creedence Clearwater – Min. 31.21: "Scarborough fair" / Simon & Garfunkel – Min. 34.23: "Patterns" / Simon & Garfunkel – Min. 37.01: "Cloudy" / Simon & Garfunkel – Min. 39.06: "Homeward bound" / Simon & Garfunkel – Min. 41.27: "The big bright green pleasure machine" / Simón & Garfunke

[Música pop / rock]

Cinta 1: "You've got a friend" / Carole King – Min. 04.55: "Ruby tuesday" / Rolling Stones – Min. 07.57: "Have you seen your mother, baby standing in he shadow?" / Rolling Stones – Min. 10.24: "Let's spend the night together" / Rolling Stones – Min. 13.41: "Lady Jane" / Rolling Stones – Min. 16.42: "Out of time" / Rolling Stones – Min. 20.16: "My girl" / Jethro Tull – Min. 22.51: “Bourée” / Jethro Tull -- Min. 26.05: "A new day yesterday" / Jethro Tull – Min. 30.21: "We use toknow" / Jethro Tull – Min. 34.22: "Room to move" / John Mayall – Min. 38.43: Aplausos – Min. 39.04: "Mr. Tambourine man" / The Byrds – Min. 41.18: "I'll feel a whole lot better" / The Byrds – Min. 43.50: "The dangling conversation" / Simon & Garfunkel – Min. 46.22: "Flowers never bend with the rainfall" / Simon & Garfunkel – Min. 48.28: "A simple desultory Philippic" / Simon & Garfunkel – Min. 50.33: "For Emily, whenerver I may find her" / Simon & Garfunkel – Min. 52.41: "A poem on the underground wall" / Simon & Garfunkel – Min. 54.25: "7 o'clock-silent night" / Simon & Garfunkel – Min. 56.18: "Pegao” / José Feliciano – Min. 58.54: "She come in through the bathroom window" / José Feliciano – 1 Hora Min. 02.03: "Colours" / Donovan – 1 Hora Min. 06.13: "Hurdy gurdy man" / Donovan – 1 Hora Min. 09.16: "Catch the wind" / Donovan -- 1 Hora Min. 14.10: "Jennifer Juniper" / Donovan – 1 Hora Min. 16.45: "Señora" / Serrat – 1 Hora Min. 19.52: "Fiesta" / Serrat – 1 Hora Min. 22.17: "Funky street" / Arthur Conley – 1 Hora Min. 24.33: "Knock on wood" / Otis Redding & Carla Thomas – 1 Hora Min. 27.17: "Think" / Aretha Franklin (incompleta) -- Cinta 2: "I put a spell on you" / Creedence Clearwater Revival – Min. 04.09: "The working man" / Creedence Clearwater Revival – Min. 07.04: “Suzie Q" / Creedence Clearwater Revival – Min. 15.04: "Ninety-nine and half" / Creedence Clearwater Revival -- Min. 18.24: "Get down woman" / Creedence Clearwater Revival – Min. 21.21: "Porterville" / Creedence Clearwater Revival -- Min. 23.32: "Gloomy" / Creedence Clearwater Revival – Min. 27.06: "Walk on the water" / Creedence Clearwater – Min. 31.21: "Scarborough fair" / Simon & Garfunkel – Min. 34.23: "Patterns" / Simon & Garfunkel – Min. 37.01: "Cloudy" / Simon & Garfunkel – Min. 39.06: "Homeward bound" / Simon & Garfunkel – Min. 41.27: "The big bright green pleasure machine" / Simón & GarfunkelIntérpretes: The Rolling Stones. Carole King. Jethro Tull. John Mayal. The byrds. Simón & Garfunkel. José Feliciano. Donovan. Serrat. Arthur Conley. Otis Redding & Carla Thomas. Aretha Franklin. Creedence Clearwater Reviva

Os acordes de Yes we can do vídeo da campanha presidencial de Barak Obama The Yes we can chords

Estudo sobre o loop de quatro acordes &#9553;: Sol Maior - Si Maior - Mi Menor - Dó Maior :&#9553; na canção Yes we can [Sim, nós podemos] do vídeo de Will.i.am (ADAMS, 2008) lançado durante a campanha presidencial de Barack Obama nos Estados Unidos. A partir da identificação de IOCMs (Materiais Interobjetivos de Comparação) e PMFCs (Campos Paramusicais Conotativos) da análise musemática (TAGG, 2009), compara-se Yes we can com materiais harmônicos, melódicos, rítmicos, de instrumentação e de letras de canções populares da tradição afro-britânico-americana, levando-se também em consideração as atitudes de relevantes compositores e intérpretes populares social e politicamente engajados.<br>Study of the four-chord loop &#9553;: G - B - Em - C :&#9553; in the song Yes We Can from the video by Will.i.am (ADAMS, 2008) released during the 2008 US presidential campaign of Barack Obama. Departing from IOCM and PMFC identification of the musematic analysis (TAGG, 2009), Yes We Can is compared to harmony, melody, rhythm, instrumentation and lyrics found in iconic popular songs of the Afro-Bristish-American tradition, also taking into consideration the attitudes of relevant composers and performers engaged in social and political issues