345 research outputs found
Mechanical versus thermodynamical melting in pressure-induced amorphization: the role of defects
We study numerically an atomistic model which is shown to exhibit a one--step
crystal--to--amorphous transition upon decompression. The amorphous phase
cannot be distinguished from the one obtained by quenching from the melt. For a
perfectly crystalline starting sample, the transition occurs at a pressure at
which a shear phonon mode destabilizes, and triggers a cascade process leading
to the amorphous state. When defects are present, the nucleation barrier is
greatly reduced and the transformation occurs very close to the extrapolation
of the melting line to low temperatures. In this last case, the transition is
not anticipated by the softening of any phonon mode. Our observations reconcile
different claims in the literature about the underlying mechanism of pressure
amorphization.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figure
On two-dimensionalization of three-dimensional turbulence in shell models
Applying a modified version of the Gledzer-Ohkitani-Yamada (GOY) shell model,
the signatures of so-called two-dimensionalization effect of three-dimensional
incompressible, homogeneous, isotropic fully developed unforced turbulence have
been studied and reproduced. Within the framework of shell models we have
obtained the following results: (i) progressive steepening of the energy
spectrum with increased strength of the rotation, and, (ii) depletion in the
energy flux of the forward forward cascade, sometimes leading to an inverse
cascade. The presence of extended self-similarity and self-similar PDFs for
longitudinal velocity differences are also presented for the rotating 3D
turbulence case
Field-linked States of Ultracold Polar Molecules
We explore the character of a novel set of ``field-linked'' states that were
predicted in [A. V. Avdeenkov and J. L. Bohn, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 043006
(2003)]. These states exist at ultralow temperatures in the presence of an
electrostatic field, and their properties are strongly dependent on the field's
strength. We clarify the nature of these quasi-bound states by constructing
their wave functions and determining their approximate quantum numbers. As the
properties of field-linked states are strongly defined by anisotropic dipolar
and Stark interactions, we construct adiabatic surfaces as functions of both
the intermolecular distance and the angle that the intermolecular axis makes
with the electric field. Within an adiabatic approximation we solve the 2-D
Schrodinger equation to find bound states, whose energies correlate well with
resonance features found in fully-converged multichannel scattering
calculations
An Assessment of the Use of Chimpanzees in Hepatitis C Research Past, Present and Future: 2. Alternative Replacement Methods
The use of chimpanzees in hepatitis C virus (HCV) research was examined in the report associated with this paper (1: Validity of the Chimpanzee Model), in which it was concluded that claims of past necessity of chimpanzee use were exaggerated, and that claims of current and future indispensability were unjustifiable. Furthermore, given the serious scientific and ethical issues surrounding chimpanzee experimentation, it was proposed that it must now be considered redundant — particularly in light of the demonstrable contribution of alternative methods to past and current scientific progress, and the future promise that these methods hold. This paper builds on this evidence, by examining the development of alternative approaches to the investigation of HCV, and by reviewing examples of how these methods have contributed, and are continuing to contribute substantially, to progress in this field. It augments the argument against chimpanzee use by demonstrating the comprehensive nature of these methods and the valuable data they deliver. The entire life-cycle of HCV can now be investigated in a human (and much more relevant) context, without recourse to chimpanzee use. This also includes the testing of new therapies and vaccines. Consequently, there is no sound argument against the changes in public policy that propose a move away from chimpanzee use in US laboratories
Measuring the mass of the black widow PSR J1555-2908
Accurate measurements of the masses of neutron stars are necessary to test
binary evolution models, and to constrain the neutron star equation of state.
In pulsar binaries with no measurable post-Keplerian parameters, this requires
an accurate estimate of the binary system's inclination and the radial velocity
of the companion star by other means than pulsar timing. In this paper, we
present the results of a new method for measuring this radial velocity using
the binary synthesis code Icarus. This method relies on constructing a model
spectrum of a tidally distorted, irradiated star as viewed for a given binary
configuration. This method is applied to optical spectra of the newly
discovered black widow PSR J1555-2908. By modelling the optical spectroscopy
alongside optical photometry, we find that the radial velocity of the companion
star is km s (errors quoted at 95\% confidence interval), as
well as a binary inclination of . Combined with -ray
pulsation timing information, this gives a neutron star mass of
1.67 M and a companion mass of
0.060 M, placing PSR J1555-2908 at the observed
upper limit of what is considered a black widow system.Comment: Accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
Society. 15 pages, 7 Figures. Underlying data available at
https://zenodo.org/record/565306
First Observation of Coherent Production in Neutrino Nucleus Interactions with 2 GeV
The MiniBooNE experiment at Fermilab has amassed the largest sample to date
of s produced in neutral current (NC) neutrino-nucleus interactions at
low energy. This paper reports a measurement of the momentum distribution of
s produced in mineral oil (CH) and the first observation of coherent
production below 2 GeV. In the forward direction, the yield of events
observed above the expectation for resonant production is attributed primarily
to coherent production off carbon, but may also include a small contribution
from diffractive production on hydrogen. Integrated over the MiniBooNE neutrino
flux, the sum of the NC coherent and diffractive modes is found to be (19.5
1.1 (stat) 2.5 (sys))% of all exclusive NC production at
MiniBooNE. These measurements are of immediate utility because they quantify an
important background to MiniBooNE's search for
oscillations.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Lett.
Fusion and Binary-Decay Mechanisms in the Cl+Mg System at E/A 8 MeV/Nucleon
Compound-nucleus fusion and binary-reaction mechanisms have been investigated
for the Cl+Mg system at an incident beam energy of E= 282
MeV. Charge distributions, inclusive energy spectra, and angular distributions
have been obtained for the evaporation residues and the binary fragments.
Angle-integrated cross sections have been determined for evaporation residues
from both the complete and incomplete fusion mechanisms. Energy spectra for
binary fragment channels near to the entrance-channel mass partition are
characterized by an inelastic contribution that is in addition to a fully
energy damped component. The fully damped component which is observed in all
the binary mass channels can be associated with decay times that are comparable
to, or longer than the rotation period. The observed mass-dependent cross
sections for the fully damped component are well reproduced by the fission
transition-state model, suggesting a fusion followed by fission origin. The
present data cannot, however, rule out the possibility that a long-lived
orbiting mechanism accounts for part or all of this yield.Comment: 41 pages standard REVTeX file, 14 Figures available upon request -
Test of Lorentz and CPT violation with Short Baseline Neutrino Oscillation Excesses
The sidereal time dependence of MiniBooNE electron neutrino and anti-electron
neutrino appearance data are analyzed to search for evidence of Lorentz and CPT
violation. An unbinned Kolmogorov-Smirnov test shows both the electron neutrino
and anti-electron neutrino appearance data are compatible with the null
sidereal variation hypothesis to more than 5%. Using an unbinned likelihood fit
with a Lorentz-violating oscillation model derived from the Standard Model
Extension (SME) to describe any excess events over background, we find that the
electron neutrino appearance data prefer a sidereal time-independent solution,
and the anti-electron neutrino appearance data slightly prefer a sidereal
time-dependent solution. Limits of order 10E-20 GeV are placed on combinations
of SME coefficients. These limits give the best limits on certain SME
coefficients for muon neutrino to electron neutrino and anti-muon neutrino to
anti-electron neutrino oscillations. The fit values and limits of combinations
of SME coefficients are provided.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures, and 2 tables, submitted to Physics Letters
Avaliação de parâmetros clínicos e hematológicos de eqüinos submetidos a um programa de controle estratégico de Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius, 1787) (Acari: Ixodidae)
Bio-analytical Assay Methods used in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Antiretroviral Drugs-A Review
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