Improvement in seismic performance of building with BRBs

Buckling restrained braces (BRBs) are a somewhat ongoing improvement in the field of seismic-safe steel structures. Their unmistakable component is the non-clasping conduct regularly accomplished by encasing a steel center in a substantially filled cylinder. However, choices have been proposed. Controlling the support from clasping improves malleability essentially and permits symmetric reaction under pressure or pressure powers. The plan of BRB outlines should consider various explicit issues that are not covered by Indian norms and guidelines. This specific task looks at utilizing BRB inside fortifying of built-up substantial casing developments to meet seismic details dependent on the Indian seismic plan and style code. Flexible reaction range examination just as nonlinear period verifiable past assessment is finished by taking a real designing model which experiences feeble first-floor inconsistency because of extra expansion and heaps of only one story. With all the way to deal with comparable solidness just as removal-based plan technique, clasping limited support factors are reasoned and accordingly are familiar with model BRB in ETABS using plastic wen form. 3 arrangements of clasping limited sections are breaking down alongside normal supports. The relationship in the middle of the fundamental cross piece of customary supports and BRB is concluded because of the definition of computing versatile bearing ability precisely where it's shown that the spot of the run of the mill supports must be 1.25 events that of BRB for guaranteeing the very same by and large execution. The outcome uncovers that Inverted V support design shown much better usefulness over single support just as V support setups just as X support arrangement, however not exhorted by Indian code, is mimicked just as applied to this undertaking and contains exhibited preferred execution moreover some different arrangements. The extra exploration about the practical use of this support is generally suggested. Moreover, under the movement of significant seismic tremors, by nonlinear time chronicled past assessment, clasping controlled supports showed much better usefulness of reinforcing the construction just as success runs over the need for code. Under this specific condition, conventional supports misfortunes their bearing limit because of unnecessary buckling

CONCEPT OF INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MANAS (PSYCHE) & SHARIRA (SOMA) W.S.R. TO AYURVEDIC TREATMENT

The Manas (Psyche), soul and Sharira (Soma) are the tripods for existence of life. In other words, life is sum of soma, senses (Indriya), psyche and soul (Atma). Ayurveda considers mind and body as two pathways or substrata for manifestation of disease. Mind has in it three constituents or tendencies in Satvam (Balance), Rajas (Arrogance) and Tamas (Indolence). Later two are reactive tendencies which vitiate the mind leading to an emotional imbalance, culminating in a physiological disturbance. Rajas and Tamas hence are termed as two Dosha of mind, Likewise the three biohumors Vata, Pitta and Kapha, which are termed as Doshas of the body. Vitiate the body leading to metabolic disturbance which ultimately culminates in a somatic disturbance. Psyche and soma are always interrelated. Soma is combination of three Doshas, seven Dhatus and three Malas as well as Manas, and they all have their own way of functioning. They interact and influence each other jointly venture in the manifestation of a very large group of disorder aptly known as psychosomatic disorder, The so-called “pure†disorder arising out of singular involvement of either psyche or soma infact very few. Since ancient time Ayurveda has already focused on basics of interrelationship between Psyche and Soma, while mentioning Sattvavajaya Chikitsa (Psychotherapeutic Procedure). To reach an appropriate Ayurvedic management of psychosomatic disorder an individual should approach by understanding the concept of interrelationship of Psyche and Soma. Hence Ayurveda adopts a comprehensive psychosomatic approach by and large for the management of disease

SKIN FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF CHIKITSA AND KRIYA SHARIR

Skin is called “Twak†which covers the whole body. Joseph Listre said “skin is the best dressingâ€; so a detail study of Twak is important, as it is the seat for all Twacha Rogas. The conceptual aspect of skin needs to be understood because skin disorder is outer exhibition of some kind of internal pathology. Skin, the largest organ of human body, holds significant importance in maintaining normal human physiological condition. The ancient science of Ayurveda has noted its features ages back. This article lays emphasis on the known and the lesser known functions of skin, its correlation with Ayurvedic science w.r.t the anatomical and physiological aspect. In depth analysis is provided regarding the thermoregulatory modality of skin. List of various clinically proven indigenous drugs of Ayurveda is also discussed briefly. Significance of skin as a tool to assess the health status of the patient is a boon of Ayurvedic diagnostic methodology; in detail description of which is provided in this article. This article is the simple and sincere attempt to explain the skin with a view of Kriya Sharir and Chikitsa

URINE FORMATION AND ITS VARIOUS DIAGNOSTIC METHODS W.S.R. TO AYURVEDA

Ayurveda is ancient science which is based on holistic approach of disease. It treats the patient as whole. Preliminary thought of signs and symptoms of specific disease will help to eliminate disease initially before it occurs. The knowledge of disease diagnosis and prognosis helps to select treatment regimens in order to ensure the permanent cure. To begin with firstly Vyadhiparikshan is done and then treatment is opted for. Early diagnosis of diseases helps to cure the diseases successfully without much discomfort in planning treatment. So the examination of the diseases is very important for the knowledge of vitiated Dosha, Dushya and Mala. Vaidya who has the proper knowledge about the underlying vitiated Dosha in the disease, can give proper Chikitsa to that disease. There are various methods of examination, which are explained by various Acharyas but Ashtasthan (Ashtavidha) pariksha i.e. Nadi (pulse), Mala (bowel), Mutra (urine), Jivha (tongue), Shabd (speech), Sparsh (touch), Drik (eyes), Aakriti (built) has its own importance, precisely explained by Yogratnakara.In Mutrapariksha, Yogratnakara has described Tailabindupariksha, which has its applicability in therapeutics even today, which states it’s important. Sadhyasadhyatva (prognosis) of the Vyadhis can be understood with the help of this Pariksha. In different disease conditions, due to the excretion of various excretory substances in urine the various changes occur in the properties of the urine. It can be assessed by the pattern formed by spreading drop of oil on surface of the urine with help of Tailabindupariksha. During diseases condition due to alteration of the body’s normal physiological functions and also the changes in chemical composition of urine is occurs which ultimately affects the pattern of Tailabindupariksha. With clinical application of this examination in day-to-day practice, one can do more successful Ayurvedic treatment

PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF HYPERTENSION W. S. R. TO AYURVEDA

The whole world is becoming full of lifestyle disorders. Due to the rapid modernization people are leading more stressful lives. As a result of that modernization hypertension is one of the big world wide spread disorder which comes across in practice. About 26.4% of the world adult population in 2020 had hypertension and 29.2% were projected to have this condition by 2025. India is labeled as global capital of hypertension.Ayurveda can be described as a real science of life. Ayurveda has an upper edge in treating the disease with emphasis on its root cause, where modern medicine is so entrenched in its pharmaceutical based symptoms treatment. The Ayurveda concentrates on achieving the promotion of health, prevention and management of disease for a healthy and happy life in the ailing society. The principals of Ayurveda are focused on maintaining good health by good diet and good lifestyle.In Ayurveda, Hypertension can be correlated with Raktagata Vata and it is consider as Tridoshaja Vyadhi. Treatment for Hypertension in Ayurveda on the basis of aims at balancing of these three Doshas. Proper dietary habits, proper exercise, Yoga, Meditation along with Ayurveda herbs can be beneficial to balancing of mind, which reduce stress and maintain the blood pressure. This article is proved that the planning of proper herbal medications as per Ayurveda guidelines will definitely control the high blood pressure without any hazardous side effects of drugs

Mapping subnational HIV mortality in six Latin American countries with incomplete vital registration systems

BackgroundHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a public health priority in Latin America. While the burden of HIV is historically concentrated in urban areas and high-risk groups, subnational estimates that cover multiple countries and years are missing. This paucity is partially due to incomplete vital registration (VR) systems and statistical challenges related to estimating mortality rates in areas with low numbers of HIV deaths. In this analysis, we address this gap and provide novel estimates of the HIV mortality rate and the number of HIV deaths by age group, sex, and municipality in Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, and Mexico.MethodsWe performed an ecological study using VR data ranging from 2000 to 2017, dependent on individual country data availability. We modeled HIV mortality using a Bayesian spatially explicit mixed-effects regression model that incorporates prior information on VR completeness. We calibrated our results to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.ResultsAll countries displayed over a 40-fold difference in HIV mortality between municipalities with the highest and lowest age-standardized HIV mortality rate in the last year of study for men, and over a 20-fold difference for women. Despite decreases in national HIV mortality in all countries-apart from Ecuador-across the period of study, we found broad variation in relative changes in HIV mortality at the municipality level and increasing relative inequality over time in all countries. In all six countries included in this analysis, 50% or more HIV deaths were concentrated in fewer than 10% of municipalities in the latest year of study. In addition, national age patterns reflected shifts in mortality to older age groups-the median age group among decedents ranged from 30 to 45years of age at the municipality level in Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico in 2017.ConclusionsOur subnational estimates of HIV mortality revealed significant spatial variation and diverging local trends in HIV mortality over time and by age. This analysis provides a framework for incorporating data and uncertainty from incomplete VR systems and can help guide more geographically precise public health intervention to support HIV-related care and reduce HIV-related deaths.Peer reviewe

International nosocomial infection control consortium (INICC) report, data summary of 36 countries, for 2004-2009

The results of a surveillance study conducted by the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) from January 2004 through December 2009 in 422 intensive care units (ICUs) of 36 countries in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe are reported. During the 6-year study period, using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN; formerly the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance system [NNIS]) definitions for device-associated health care-associated infections, we gathered prospective data from 313,008 patients hospitalized in the consortium's ICUs for an aggregate of 2,194,897 ICU bed-days. Despite the fact that the use of devices in the developing countries' ICUs was remarkably similar to that reported in US ICUs in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were significantly higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals; the pooled rate of central line-associated bloodstream infection in the INICC ICUs of 6.8 per 1,000 central line-days was more than 3-fold higher than the 2.0 per 1,000 central line-days reported in comparable US ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia also was far higher (15.8 vs 3.3 per 1,000 ventilator-days), as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (6.3 vs. 3.3 per 1,000 catheter-days). Notably, the frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates to imipenem (47.2% vs 23.0%), Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (76.3% vs 27.1%), Escherichia coli isolates to ceftazidime (66.7% vs 8.1%), Staphylococcus aureus isolates to methicillin (84.4% vs 56.8%), were also higher in the consortium's ICUs, and the crude unadjusted excess mortalities of device-related infections ranged from 7.3% (for catheter-associated urinary tract infection) to 15.2% (for ventilator-associated pneumonia). Copyright © 2012 by the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Mapping subnational HIV mortality in six Latin American countries with incomplete vital registration systems

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a public health priority in Latin America. While the burden of HIV is historically concentrated in urban areas and high-risk groups, subnational estimates that cover multiple countries and years are missing. This paucity is partially due to incomplete vital registration (VR) systems and statistical challenges related to estimating mortality rates in areas with low numbers of HIV deaths. In this analysis, we address this gap and provide novel estimates of the HIV mortality rate and the number of HIV deaths by age group, sex, and municipality in Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, and Mexico. Methods: We performed an ecological study using VR data ranging from 2000 to 2017, dependent on individual country data availability. We modeled HIV mortality using a Bayesian spatially explicit mixed-effects regression model that incorporates prior information on VR completeness. We calibrated our results to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Results: All countries displayed over a 40-fold difference in HIV mortality between municipalities with the highest and lowest age-standardized HIV mortality rate in the last year of study for men, and over a 20-fold difference for women. Despite decreases in national HIV mortality in all countries�apart from Ecuador�across the period of study, we found broad variation in relative changes in HIV mortality at the municipality level and increasing relative inequality over time in all countries. In all six countries included in this analysis, 50 or more HIV deaths were concentrated in fewer than 10 of municipalities in the latest year of study. In addition, national age patterns reflected shifts in mortality to older age groups�the median age group among decedents ranged from 30 to 45 years of age at the municipality level in Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico in 2017. Conclusions: Our subnational estimates of HIV mortality revealed significant spatial variation and diverging local trends in HIV mortality over time and by age. This analysis provides a framework for incorporating data and uncertainty from incomplete VR systems and can help guide more geographically precise public health intervention to support HIV-related care and reduce HIV-related deaths

Appraisal on the wound healing activity of different extracts obtained from Aegle marmelos and Mucuna pruriens by in vivo experimental models

Aim: The use of a simple and reproducible model is inevitable for an objective statement of the effects of external factors on wound healing. Hence, the present study was conducted to evaluate wound healing activities of sequential different extracts of Aegle marmelos leaves (AM) and Mucuna pruriens seeds (MP) by in vivo experimental models.Materials and Methods: Wistar albino rats were subjected to excision, incision and dead space wounds measuring approximately 250 mm2, 3 cm and implanting sterilized polyvinyl chloride tube on the back of each rat near either side of the vertebral column respectively. The experimental animals were randomized into eight groups (n = 6), control, standard and treatment groups. Hydrogel of different extracts were applied topically once daily. The parameters observed were percentage of wound contraction, epithelization period, tensile strength, hydroxyproline content of the granulation tissue, and histological changes during wound healing.Results: The statistical study revealed that in excision, incision, and dead space wound models all formulations have significant (P < 0.01) wound healing potential. However, methanolic extract formulation was found to be superior to all other treatments as evidenced by rapid wound contraction, lesser number of days required for complete epithelization, increased tensile strength and significant increase in hydroxyproline content.Conclusions: As compared to the reference standard treated group the wound healing process of the experimental groups was decelerated. All extracts obtained from AM and MP facilitated the wound healing process in all experimental models.Keywords: Aegle marmelos, dead space wound, excision wound, incision wound, Mucuna pruriens, wound healin

Rośliny o działaniu gojącym

Plants have traditionally been used as a source of medicine in India by indigenous people of different ethnic groups inhabiting various terrains for the control of various ailments afflicting human and their domestic animals. Recently, focus on plant research has increased all over the world and a large body of evidence has collected to show immense potential of medicinal plants used in various traditional systems. More than 13,000 plants have been studied during last 5 years. Our review aims to compile data generated through the research activity using modern scientific approaches and innovative scientific tools in last few years. This article represent wound healing activity of various plants found and used traditionally. We have made an attempt to give an insight into different plants of potential wound healing properties which could be beneficial in therapeutic practice.Ludność z grup etnicznych zamieszkujących różne rejony Indii tradycyjnie używa roślin do leczenia wielu dolegliwości u ludzi i zwierząt domowych. Ostatnio na świecie odnotowuje się zwiększone zainteresowanie lekami pochodzenia roślinnego. Zebrano wiele dowodów na ogromne możliwości roślin leczniczych używanych tradycyjnie w wielu społecznościach. W ciągu ostatnich pięciu lat przestudiowano ponad 13 000 gatunków. Nasz przegląd to próba porównania danych uzyskanych w trakcie badań w ciągu ostatnich kilku lat przy użyciu nowoczesnego podejścia i innowacyjnych narzędzi badawczych. Artykuł dotyczy roślin używanych tradycyjnie na gojenie ran. Podjęto próbę przeglądu roślin o właściwościach gojących, które mogłyby być z powodzeniem stosowane w praktyce leczniczej