Understanding Galaxy Formation and Evolution

The old dream of integrating into one the study of micro and macrocosmos is now a reality. Cosmology, astrophysics, and particle physics intersect in a scenario (but still not a theory) of cosmic structure formation and evolution called Lambda Cold Dark Matter (LCDM) model. This scenario emerged mainly to explain the origin of galaxies. In these lecture notes, I first present a review of the main galaxy properties, highlighting the questions that any theory of galaxy formation should explain. Then, the cosmological framework and the main aspects of primordial perturbation generation and evolution are pedagogically detached. Next, I focus on the ``dark side'' of galaxy formation, presenting a review on LCDM halo assembling and properties, and on the main candidates for non-baryonic dark matter. It is shown how the nature of elemental particles can influence on the features of galaxies and their systems. Finally, the complex processes of baryon dissipation inside the non-linearly evolving CDM halos, formation of disks and spheroids, and transformation of gas into stars are briefly described, remarking on the possibility of a few driving factors and parameters able to explain the main body of galaxy properties. A summary and a discussion of some of the issues and open problems of the LCDM paradigm are given in the final part of these notes.Comment: 50 pages, 10 low-resolution figures (for normal-resolution, DOWNLOAD THE PAPER (PDF, 1.9 Mb) FROM http://www.astroscu.unam.mx/~avila/avila.pdf). Lectures given at the IV Mexican School of Astrophysics, July 18-25, 2005 (submitted to the Editors on March 15, 2006

Formación docente para la implementación de la plataforma virtual Moodle como recurso didáctico en educación básica secundaria

1 recurso en línea (288 páginas) : ilustraciones color, tablas.Este estudio describe una experiencia llevada a cabo en entornos virtuales de aprendizaje Moodle, donde se planteó la utilización de la Educación Virtual como recurso didáctico educativo. A partir de un proceso de formación docente para la implementación de la plataforma virtual Moodle como recurso didáctico de enseñanza, se analizó si se presentaron cambios significativos en las competencias digitales: Pedagógica, tecnológica, comunicativa y de gestión, y a partir de ello se mejoró el desempeño pedagógico de los educadores; de igual forma se indago sobre la posibilidad de que las plataformas virtuales como Moodle puedan convertirse en una alternativa viable que pueda dar respuesta a los nuevos retos educativos relacionados con los ambientes virtuales de aprendizaje para dinamizar el proceso educativo. Como objetivo general del estudio se planteó Identificar las competencias digitales que poseen los docentes para el uso y administración de la plataforma Moodle, en el nivel de educación básica secundaria y media de la Institución Educativa Técnica de Monguí, para implementar un programa de formación encaminado a fortalecer dichas competencias. La metodología empleada en el estudio fue de tipo mixto, porque involucra aspectos cuantitativos como la medición de las variable competencias digitales desarrolladas por los docentes para el empleo de la plataforma virtual Moodle, desde el paradigma cualitativo se tuvieron en cuenta las opiniones y conceptos de los sujetos participantes en el estudio; de los resultados obtenidos se encontró que los programas de formación docente para el uso didáctico de las TIC en entornos de aprendizaje virtual como la plataforma Moodle, cuando son orientados con un modelo pedagógico activo diferente al catedrático, permiten que los educadores apropien el uso de estas tecnologías y sean gestores de proyectos que dinamizan el proceso enseñanza – aprendizaje, al brindar al estudiante la posibilidad de ser un agente participativo y por su puesto al educador ser guía y orientador en el proceso educativo.This study describes an experience carried out in Moodle virtual learning environments, where the use of Virtual Education as an educational didactic resource was proposed. From a process of teacher training for the implementation of the Moodle virtual platform as a didactic teaching resource, it was analyzed if there were significant changes in the digital competences: Pedagogical, technological, communicative and management, and from this the pedagogical performance of educators; In the same way, I inquired about the possibility that virtual platforms such as Moodle could become a viable alternative that could respond to new educational challenges related to virtual learning environments to boost the educational process. The general objective of the study was to identify the digital competences that teachers possess for the use and administration of the Moodle platform, at the level of secondary and secondary education of the Technical Educational Institution of Monguí, to implement a training program aimed at strengthen these competences The methodology used in the study was of mixed type, because it involved quantitative aspects such as the measurement of the variable digital competences developed by teachers for the use of the Moodle virtual platform, from the qualitative paradigm the opinions and concepts of the subjects participating in the study; From the results obtained it was found that the teacher training programs for the didactic use of ICT in virtual learning environments such as the Moodle platform, when they are oriented with an active pedagogical model different from the professor, allow educators to appropriate the use of these technologies and managers of projects that dynamize the teaching - learning process, giving the student the possibility of being a participative agent and of course the educator being a guide and guidance in the educational process.Bibliografía y webgrafía: páginas 196-205MaestríaMagíster en TIC Aplicadas a las Ciencias de la Educació

Volume I. Introduction to DUNE

The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of the supernovae that produced the heavy elements necessary for life, and whether protons eventually decay—these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our universe, its current state, and its eventual fate. The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is an international world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions as it searches for leptonic charge-parity symmetry violation, stands ready to capture supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector technical design report (TDR) describes the DUNE physics program and the technical designs of the single- and dual-phase DUNE liquid argon TPC far detector modules. This TDR is intended to justify the technical choices for the far detector that flow down from the high-level physics goals through requirements at all levels of the Project. Volume I contains an executive summary that introduces the DUNE science program, the far detector and the strategy for its modular designs, and the organization and management of the Project. The remainder of Volume I provides more detail on the science program that drives the choice of detector technologies and on the technologies themselves. It also introduces the designs for the DUNE near detector and the DUNE computing model, for which DUNE is planning design reports. Volume II of this TDR describes DUNE\u27s physics program in detail. Volume III describes the technical coordination required for the far detector design, construction, installation, and integration, and its organizational structure. Volume IV describes the single-phase far detector technology. A planned Volume V will describe the dual-phase technology

Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), far detector technical design report, volume III: DUNE far detector technical coordination

The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of the supernovae that produced the heavy elements necessary for life, and whether protons eventually decay—these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our universe, its current state, and its eventual fate. The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is an international world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions as it searches for leptonic charge-parity symmetry violation, stands ready to capture supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector technical design report (TDR) describes the DUNE physics program and the technical designs of the single- and dual-phase DUNE liquid argon TPC far detector modules. Volume III of this TDR describes how the activities required to design, construct, fabricate, install, and commission the DUNE far detector modules are organized and managed. This volume details the organizational structures that will carry out and/or oversee the planned far detector activities safely, successfully, on time, and on budget. It presents overviews of the facilities, supporting infrastructure, and detectors for context, and it outlines the project-related functions and methodologies used by the DUNE technical coordination organization, focusing on the areas of integration engineering, technical reviews, quality assurance and control, and safety oversight. Because of its more advanced stage of development, functional examples presented in this volume focus primarily on the single-phase (SP) detector module

Highly-parallelized simulation of a pixelated LArTPC on a GPU

The rapid development of general-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU) is allowing the implementation of highly-parallelized Monte Carlo simulation chains for particle physics experiments. This technique is particularly suitable for the simulation of a pixelated charge readout for time projection chambers, given the large number of channels that this technology employs. Here we present the first implementation of a full microphysical simulator of a liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) equipped with light readout and pixelated charge readout, developed for the DUNE Near Detector. The software is implemented with an end-to-end set of GPU-optimized algorithms. The algorithms have been written in Python and translated into CUDA kernels using Numba, a just-in-time compiler for a subset of Python and NumPy instructions. The GPU implementation achieves a speed up of four orders of magnitude compared with the equivalent CPU version. The simulation of the current induced on 10^3 pixels takes around 1 ms on the GPU, compared with approximately 10 s on the CPU. The results of the simulation are compared against data from a pixel-readout LArTPC prototype

Search for heavy resonances decaying into a Z or W boson and a Higgs boson in final states with leptons and b-jets in 139 fb−1 of pp collisions at s√ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This article presents a search for new resonances decaying into a Z or W boson and a 125 GeV Higgs boson h, and it targets the νν¯¯¯bb¯¯, ℓ+ℓ−bb¯¯, or ℓ±νbb¯¯ final states, where ℓ = e or μ, in proton-proton collisions at s√ = 13 TeV. The data used correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 139 fb−1 collected by the ATLAS detector during Run 2 of the LHC at CERN. The search is conducted by examining the reconstructed invariant or transverse mass distributions of Zh or Wh candidates for evidence of a localised excess in the mass range from 220 GeV to 5 TeV. No significant excess is observed and 95% confidence-level upper limits between 1.3 pb and 0.3 fb are placed on the production cross section times branching fraction of neutral and charged spin-1 resonances and CP-odd scalar bosons. These limits are converted into constraints on the parameter space of the Heavy Vector Triplet model and the two-Higgs-doublet model

Search for boosted diphoton resonances in the 10 to 70 GeV mass range using 138 fb−1 of 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for diphoton resonances in the mass range between 10 and 70 GeV with the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is presented. The analysis is based on pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb−1 at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV recorded from 2015 to 2018. Previous searches for diphoton resonances at the LHC have explored masses down to 65 GeV, finding no evidence of new particles. This search exploits the particular kinematics of events with pairs of closely spaced photons reconstructed in the detector, allowing examination of invariant masses down to 10 GeV. The presented strategy covers a region previously unexplored at hadron colliders because of the experimental challenges of recording low-energy photons and estimating the backgrounds. No significant excess is observed and the reported limits provide the strongest bound on promptly decaying axion-like particles coupling to gluons and photons for masses between 10 and 70 GeV