Le sens du terrain

Le sens du terrain ne va pas de soi. C’est une construction largement opérée par la démarche du chercheur pour lequel un terrain donné peut-être la caution ou le support d’une recherche. La représentation (« restitution ») de ce terrain n’en laisse voir qu’une interprétation partielle liée à un projet scientifique. L’intérêt d’une recherche, et sans doute le véritable sens du terrain, serait alors la démarche d’inscription originale d’un chercheur dans une production scientifique.‪For a researcher, the sense of field cannot be taken for granted. It is a construction that is largely implemented by the attitude of the researcher, for whom a given field may be the guarantee or the medium of research. The representation (or restitution) of this field only shows a limited interpretation of it linked to a specific scientific project. The point of research, and no doubt a real sense of the field, is then the original attitude thanks to which researchers involve themselves in scientific production.

SPLEMMA: A Generic Framework for Controlled-Evolution of Software Product Lines

International audienceManaging in a generic way the evolution process of feature- oriented Software Product Lines (SPLs) is complex due to the number of elements that are impacted and the heterogeneity of the SPLs regarding artifacts used to define them. Existing work presents specific approaches to manage the evolution of SPLs in terms of such artifacts, i.e., assets, feature models and relation definitions. Moreover stakeholders do not necessarily master all the knowledge of the SPL making its evolution difficult and error-prone without a proper tool support. In order to deal with these issues, we introduce SPLEmma, a generic framework that follows a Model Driven Engineering approach to capture the evolution of a SPL independently of the kind of assets, technologies or feature models used for the product derivation. Authorized changes are described by the SPL maintainer and captured in a model used to generate tools that guide the evolution process and preserve the consistency of the whole SPL. We report on the application of our approach on two SPLs: YourCast for digital signage systems, and SALOON, which enables generation of configurations for cloud providers

Structure of peat soils and implications for water storage, flow and solute transport: A review update for geochemists

Global peatlands are a valuable but vulnerable resource. They represent a significant carbon and energy reservoir and play major roles in water and biogeochemical cycles. Peat soils are highly complex porous media with distinct characteristic physical and hydraulic properties. Pore sizes in undecomposed peat can exceed 5 mm, but significant shrinkage occurs during dewatering, compression and decomposition, reducing pore-sizes. The structure of peat soil consists of pores that are open and connected, dead-ended or isolated. The resulting dual-porosity nature of peat soils affects water flow and solute migration, which influence reactive transport processes and biogeochemical functions. Advective movement of aqueous and colloidal species is restricted to the hydrologically active (or mobile) fraction of the total porosity, i.e. the open and connected pores. Peat may attenuate solute migration through molecular diffusion into the closed and dead-end pores, and for reactive species, also through sorption and degradation reactions. Slow, diffusion-limited solute exchanges between the mobile and immobile regions may give rise to pore-scale chemical gradients and heterogeneous distributions of microbial habitats and activity in peat soils. While new information on the diversity and functionalities of peat microbial communities is rapidly accumulating, the significance of the geochemical and geomicrobial study on peat stands to benefit from a basic understanding of the physical structure of peat soils. In this paper, we review the current knowledge of key physical and hydraulic properties related to the structure of globally available peat soils and briefly discuss their implications for water storage, flow and the migration of solutes. This paper is intended to narrow the gap between the ecohydrological and biogeochemical research communities working on peat soils.Canada Excellence Research Chair (CERC) progra

In-frame seven amino-acid duplication in AIP arose over the last 3000 years, disrupts protein interaction and stability and is associated with gigantism.

Mutations in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein (AIP) gene are associated with pituitary adenoma, acromegaly and gigantism. Identical alleles in unrelated pedigrees could be inherited from a common ancestor or result from recurrent mutation events.EDGE Project ID: 172

Anthropogenic perturbation of the carbon fluxes from land to ocean

A substantial amount of the atmospheric carbon taken up on land through photosynthesis and chemical weathering is transported laterally along the aquatic continuum from upland terrestrial ecosystems to the ocean. So far, global carbon budget estimates have implicitly assumed that the transformation and lateral transport of carbon along this aquatic continuum has remained unchanged since pre-industrial times. A synthesis of published work reveals the magnitude of present-day lateral carbon fluxes from land to ocean, and the extent to which human activities have altered these fluxes. We show that anthropogenic perturbation may have increased the flux of carbon to inland waters by as much as 1.0 Pg C yr-1 since pre-industrial times, mainly owing to enhanced carbon export from soils. Most of this additional carbon input to upstream rivers is either emitted back to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide (~0.4 Pg C yr-1) or sequestered in sediments (~0.5 Pg C yr-1) along the continuum of freshwater bodies, estuaries and coastal waters, leaving only a perturbation carbon input of ~0.1 Pg C yr-1 to the open ocean. According to our analysis, terrestrial ecosystems store ~0.9 Pg C yr-1 at present, which is in agreement with results from forest inventories but significantly differs from the figure of 1.5 Pg C yr-1 previously estimated when ignoring changes in lateral carbon fluxes. We suggest that carbon fluxes along the land–ocean aquatic continuum need to be included in global carbon dioxide budgets.Peer reviewe

Significant benefits of AIP testing and clinical screening in familial isolated and young-onset pituitary tumors

Context Germline mutations in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein (AIP) gene are responsible for a subset of familial isolated pituitary adenoma (FIPA) cases and sporadic pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs). Objective To compare prospectively diagnosed AIP mutation-positive (AIPmut) PitNET patients with clinically presenting patients and to compare the clinical characteristics of AIPmut and AIPneg PitNET patients. Design 12-year prospective, observational study. Participants & Setting We studied probands and family members of FIPA kindreds and sporadic patients with disease onset ≤18 years or macroadenomas with onset ≤30 years (n = 1477). This was a collaborative study conducted at referral centers for pituitary diseases. Interventions & Outcome AIP testing and clinical screening for pituitary disease. Comparison of characteristics of prospectively diagnosed (n = 22) vs clinically presenting AIPmut PitNET patients (n = 145), and AIPmut (n = 167) vs AIPneg PitNET patients (n = 1310). Results Prospectively diagnosed AIPmut PitNET patients had smaller lesions with less suprasellar extension or cavernous sinus invasion and required fewer treatments with fewer operations and no radiotherapy compared with clinically presenting cases; there were fewer cases with active disease and hypopituitarism at last follow-up. When comparing AIPmut and AIPneg cases, AIPmut patients were more often males, younger, more often had GH excess, pituitary apoplexy, suprasellar extension, and more patients required multimodal therapy, including radiotherapy. AIPmut patients (n = 136) with GH excess were taller than AIPneg counterparts (n = 650). Conclusions Prospectively diagnosed AIPmut patients show better outcomes than clinically presenting cases, demonstrating the benefits of genetic and clinical screening. AIP-related pituitary disease has a wide spectrum ranging from aggressively growing lesions to stable or indolent disease course

26th Annual Computational Neuroscience Meeting (CNS*2017): Part 3 - Meeting Abstracts - Antwerp, Belgium. 15–20 July 2017

This work was produced as part of the activities of FAPESP Research,\ud Disseminations and Innovation Center for Neuromathematics (grant\ud 2013/07699-0, S. Paulo Research Foundation). NLK is supported by a\ud FAPESP postdoctoral fellowship (grant 2016/03855-5). ACR is partially\ud supported by a CNPq fellowship (grant 306251/2014-0)

Le design comme énoncé auctorial

L' énonciation éditoriale est désormais un concept opératoire et lexicalisé dans les pratiques de recherche qui s'intéressent aux imprimés, aux écrans, c'est-à-dire à la plupart des messages visuels qui circulent. Cela permet de désigner et d'identifier les différentes voix qui parlent dans un message graphique, mais aussi les mains qui œuvrent à sa configuration technique et sémiotique, c'est-à-dire à son design. Dans tout message texte-image imprimé sur du papier ou affiché sur un écran, il y a toujours quelqu'un d'autre que l'auteur qui parle, qui agit, intervient, se fait voir dans la matière technique et sémiotique de l'objet dont il capte ainsi une partie pour lui-même. Tout artecfact graphique offre alors à l'analyse une disposition d'instances discursives repérables dans les divers objets graphiques qui s'y présentent, même les plus anodins. Chaque dispositif d'énohciation est de ce fait un ensemble composite de voix et d'interventions singulières qui n'oeuvrent pas toutes directement ou uniquement pour le projet du texte ou de son auteur.Quinton Philippe. Le design comme énoncé auctorial. In: Communication et langages, n°134, 4ème trimestre 2002. Dossier : L'image du texte. pp. 75-83

Le design de la recherche (Hommage à Gérard Blanchard)

International audienceThroughout his work and particularly his academic writing Gérard Blanchard opened a new way for research on communication topics such as typography, the page, and publishing issues which were until then limited to aesthetics. Philippe Quinton testifies of Gérard Blanchard’s major role originating form his academic itinerary built from professional design experience.A través del conjunto de su obra y en particular desde sus trabajos universitarios, Gérard Blanchard abrió nuevos caminos para las investigaciones sobre objetos comunicacionales como la tipografía, la página y las cuestiones editoriales, hasta entonces confinadas a enfoques estéticos. Philippe Quinton da aquí un testimonio sobre el papel esencial que jugó Gérard Blanchard en su propio itinerario científico construido con base en una experiencia profesional de diseñador.À travers l’ensemble de son œuvre et en particulier ses travaux universitaires, Gérard Blanchard a ouvert une voie nouvelle pour les recherches sur des objets communicationnels, comme la typographie, la page et les questions éditoriales, jusque-là confinés dans les approches esthétiques. Philippe Quinton témoigne ici du rôle essentiel tenu par Gérard Blanchard dans son propre itinéraire scientifique construit à partir d’une expérience professionnelle dans le design

Pro logo plaidoyer pour les marques Michel Chevalier et Gérald Mazzalovo

Quinton Philippe. Pro logo plaidoyer pour les marques Michel Chevalier et Gérald Mazzalovo . In: Communication et langages, n°138, 4ème trimestre 2003. Dossier : Sciences, médias et société. pp. 124-125