Beneficios y consideraciones de la nutrición parenteral en el paciente adulto con Megacolon tóxico por enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal, revisión narrativa

El presente artículo de revisión narrativa se enfoca en los beneficios y consideraciones de la nutrición parenteral en pacientes adultos con megacolon tóxico debido a enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal. Su propósito es brindar información actualizada a profesionales químicos farmacéuticos que participan en rondas médicas en el Hospital Nacional El Salvador. La investigación se basó en datos de fuentes confiables y artículos de investigación de plataformas como PUBMED, siguiendo las directrices de la Revista ALERTA. Se encontró que los pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal a menudo experimentan desnutrición como una complicación. Dado que la nutrición oral o enteral no siempre es adecuada, especialmente en casos de megacolon tóxico, la nutrición parenteral se convierte en una opción esencial. Este enfoque permite administrar nutrientes directamente a través de una vía intravenosa, evitando el sistema gastrointestinal afectado. El artículo resalta los beneficios de la nutrición parenteral en la entrega de nutrientes esenciales y subraya la importancia de abordar posibles complicaciones y personalizar el tratamiento nutricional según las necesidades del paciente. La nutrición parenteral se destaca como una estrategia en situaciones donde las opciones convencionales no son suficientes o apropiadas para tratar la desnutrición en pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal. Se recomienda continuar desarrollando recursos bibliográficos similares para guiar a los profesionales de la salud en la toma de decisiones informadas y brindar una atención de mayor calidad a pacientes con diversas patologías

Mass Transfer in Extractive Distillation when Using Ionic Liquids as Solvents

Mass transfer efficiency study in extractive distillation with ionic liquids for the mixtures water-ethanol and toluene-methylcyclohexane has been carried out in this work. Ionic liquids for the separation of these mixtures overcome the performance of the common volatile organic solvents. However, these also showed higher viscosities. A rated-based analysis was performed in order to quantify the effect of the solvent viscosity and relative volatility on mass transfer efficiency. In addition to this, an experimental analysis of the mass transfer efficiency was carried out experimentally in an extractive distillation pilot plant. The results indicated that, high liquid viscosities of ionic liquids should not affect the mass transfer efficiency negatively if the produced relative volatilities are sufficiently higher than those produced by organic solvents. However, when the ionic liquid showed very high viscosities or this solvent was present in large concentrations inside the column, the mass transfer efficiency decreases no matter how high the relative volatility is

Realidad virtual no interactiva para manejar el dolor

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the impact of a noninteractive virtual reality (VR) intervention on pain related measures and on cognitive variables during a cold-pressor experience. Forty-six healthy participants underwent two consecutive cold-pressor trials, one staring to a virtual figure and one without VR, in counterbalanced order. During the VR intervention, participants were asked to passively imagine the correspondence between a stereoscopic VR figure and the experienced pain. Results showed no significant differences between the VR and no-VR condition for either pain or cognitive measures. The usefulness of a non-interactive VR intervention versus active VR strategies to cope with pain is discussedEl objetivo del presente estudio es investigar si una intervención no interactiva de realidad virtual (RV) puede influir en medidas relacionadas con el dolor y en los pensamientos relacionados con el dolor durante una experiencia de cold-pressor. Cuarenta y seis participantes sanos se sometieron a dos ensayos consecutivos de cold-pressor, uno mirando una figura virtual y otro sin RV, en orden contrabalanceado. La intervención de RV sugirió a los participantes imaginar pasivamente la correspondencia entre la experiencia dolorosa y una figura estereoscópica de RV. Los resultados no mostraron diferencias significativas en ninguna de las medidas de dolor ni en las medidas cognitivas entre la condición de RV y sin-RV. Finalmente, se discute la utilidad de las intervenciones con RV no interactiva en comparación con las estrategias activas de RV para el afrontamiento del dolo

Non-interactive virtual reality to manage pain

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the impact of a noninteractive virtual reality (VR) intervention on pain related measures and on cognitive variables during a cold-pressor experience. Forty-six healthy participants underwent two consecutive cold-pressor trials, one staring to a virtual figure and one without VR, in counterbalanced order. During the VR intervention, participants were asked to passively imagine the correspondence between a stereoscopic VR figure and the experienced pain. Results showed no significant differences between the VR and no-VR condition for either pain or cognitive measures. The usefulness of a non-interactive VR intervention versus active VR strategies to cope with pain is discusse

Realidad virtual no interactiva para manejar el dolor

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the impact of a noninteractive virtual reality (VR) intervention on pain related measures and on cognitive variables during a cold-pressor experience. Forty-six healthy participants underwent two consecutive cold-pressor trials, one staring to a virtual figure and one without VR, in counterbalanced order. During the VR intervention, participants were asked to passively imagine the correspondence between a stereoscopic VR figure and the experienced pain. Results showed no significant differences between the VR and no-VR condition for either pain or cognitive measures. The usefulness of a non-interactive VR intervention versus active VR strategies to cope with pain is discussedEl objetivo del presente estudio es investigar si una intervención no interactiva de realidad virtual (RV) puede influir en medidas relacionadas con el dolor y en los pensamientos relacionados con el dolor durante una experiencia de cold-pressor. Cuarenta y seis participantes sanos se sometieron a dos ensayos consecutivos de cold-pressor, uno mirando una figura virtual y otro sin RV, en orden contrabalanceado. La intervención de RV sugirió a los participantes imaginar pasivamente la correspondencia entre la experiencia dolorosa y una figura estereoscópica de RV. Los resultados no mostraron diferencias significativas en ninguna de las medidas de dolor ni en las medidas cognitivas entre la condición de RV y sin-RV. Finalmente, se discute la utilidad de las intervenciones con RV no interactiva en comparación con las estrategias activas de RV para el afrontamiento del dolo

Differential effects of two virtual reality interventions: distraction versus pain control

There is evidence that virtual reality (VR) pain distraction is effective at improving pain-related outcomes. However, more research is needed to investigate VR environments with other pain-related goals. The main aim of this study was to compare the differential effects of two VR environments on a set of pain-related and cognitive variables during a cold pressor experiment. One of these environments aimed to distract attention away from pain (VRD), whereas the other was designed to enhance pain control (VRC). Participants were 77 psychology students, who were randomly assigned to one of the following three conditions during the cold pressor experiment: (a) VRD, (b) VRC, or (c) Non-VR (control condition). Data were collected regarding both pain-related variables (intensity, tolerance, threshold, time perception, and pain sensitivity range) and cognitive variables (self-efficacy and catastrophizing). Results showed that in comparison with the control condition, the VRC intervention significantly increased pain tolerance, the pain sensitivity range, and the degree of time underestimation. It also increased self-efficacy in tolerating pain and led to a reduction in reported helplessness. The VRD intervention significantly increased the pain threshold and pain tolerance in comparison with the control condition, but it did not affect any of the cognitive variables. Overall, the intervention designed to enhance control seems to have a greater effect on the cognitive variables assessed. Although these results need to be replicated in further studies, the findings suggest that the VRC intervention has considerable potential in terms of increasing self-efficacy and modifying the negative thoughts that commonly accompany pain problems

Cortometraje “Perspectivas”

“Perspectivas” es un cortometraje de ficción situado en el contexto actual en el que vivimos, a causa de la pandemia y el confinamiento por el COVID-19. El inicio de este producto audiovisual tiene como base nuestro interés por el tema y, sobre todo, que como jóvenes universitarios nos sentimos parte de él. Mediante la historia narrativa, tanto literaria como visual, se propone que se vean reflejadas situaciones propias de la nueva era digital y sus complicaciones. Así, este producto audiovisual evidencia, a través de la historia de dos personajes, cómo la virtualidad condiciona algunas maneras de relación y comunicación con nuestros pares, y cómo los aparatos tecnológicos y plataformas digitales, al ser los medios de interacción con los demás, pueden repercutir negativamente en el comportamiento de las personas. Asimismo, en el presente trabajo de investigación se hace un recuento de las propuestas, problemáticas y soluciones que se brindaron desde las diferentes áreas, como la de dirección, producción, dirección de arte y sonido; esto, con el fin de brindar un amplio panorama sobre cómo se abordó los temas centrales propuestos en el cortometraje, analizarlos, reflexionar sobre ellos, y finalmente, obtener un producto en el que se plasme lo anteriormente mencionado."Perspectivas" is a short fiction film set in the current context in which we live, due to the pandemic and the confinement by the COVID-19. The beginning of this audiovisual product is based on our interest in the subject, and above all, because as young university students we feel part of it. The narrative story that is proposed, shows situations of this new digital era and its complications are reflected. Thus, this audiovisual product reflects, through the story of two characters, how virtuality conditions some ways of relating and communicating with our peers, and how technological devices and digital platforms, being the means of interaction with others, can have a negative impact on people's behavior. Likewise, in this research work, an account is made of the proposals, problems and solutions that were offered from different areas, such as direction, production, art direction and sound; this in order to provide a broad overview of how the central themes proposed in the short film were addressed, analyze them, reflect on them, so that finally the expected final product is obtained.Trabajo de investigació

Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19-free surgical pathways during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19-Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19-free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19-free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS: Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19-free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19-free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score-matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION: Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19-free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks