Geographical and temporal distribution of SARS-CoV-2 clades in the WHO European Region, January to June 2020

We show the distribution of SARS-CoV-2 genetic clades over time and between countries and outline potential genomic surveillance objectives. We applied three available genomic nomenclature systems for SARS-CoV-2 to all sequence data from the WHO European Region available during the COVID-19 pandemic until 10 July 2020. We highlight the importance of real-time sequencing and data dissemination in a pandemic situation. We provide a comparison of the nomenclatures and lay a foundation for future European genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2.Peer reviewe

Expectativas de gerentes e assessores de enfermagem quanto ao estilo gerencial do diretor executivo de um hospital de ensino Expectativas de gerentes y asesores de enfermería referente al estilo gerencial del director eyecutivo de un hospital escuela The managerial style of an executive director of a university hospital: perceptions and expectations of nursing managers and assistants

Este estudo focalizou as expectativas de 13 enfermeiros de um hospital de ensino, quanto ao estilo gerencial do diretor executivo. Utilizou-se o Grid Gerencial de BLAKE & MOUTON (1987), como referencial teórico e aplicou-se um questionário baseado no Instrumento Grid & Liderança em enfermagem, de TREVIZAN (1993). Os resultados evidenciaram que o estilo mais esperado corresponde, no Grid Gerencial, à "gerência em equipe", ou 9.9. O segundo estilo desejado foi a "gerência do homem organizacional, "ou 5.5. Concluiu-se que, para esses enfermeiros, existem expectativas significativas relacionadas à gerência que invista em valores como confiança, respeito, comprometimento, empenho pessoal e trabalho em equipe para o alcance dos objetivos organizacionais.<br>Este estudio enfocó las expectativas de 13 enfermeros del hospital escuela, con relación al estilo directivo del director ejecutivo. El "grid" gerencial de BLAKE & MOUTON (1987), fue usado como referencial teórico y una encuesta se aplicó basada en el Instrumento Grid & Liderazgo en enfermería, de TREVIZAN (1993). Los resultados evidenciaron el estilo más esperado fue "la gerencia en equipo", o 9.9. EL segundo estilo fue la "gerencia organizacional del hombre," o 5.5. Se concluye que, para esos enfermeros existen expectativas significativas relacionadas con la dirección que invierte en valores como confianza, respeto, compromiso, empeño personal y trabajo en equipo para el alcance del objetivos organizacionales.<br>The present study focussed the expectations of 13 nurses from a University hospital regarding to the executive director's managerial style. The Managerial Grid of BLAKE & MOUTON (1987) was used as a theoretical reference and a questionnaire was applied based on the Grid & Leadership in Nursing Instrument elaborated by TREVIZAN (1993). Results evidenced that the most expected style corresponds, considering the Managerial Grid, to "team management", or 9.9. The second style was the "management of a men organization", or 5.5. Authors concluded that there are important expectations for these nurses related to a management that enhances values such as trust, respect, commitment, personal investment and team work in order to achieve the organization goals

The role of photorespiration during drought stress: an analysis utilizing barley mutants with reduced activities of photorespiratory enzymes.

The significance of photorespiration in drought-stressed plants was studied by withholding water from wild-type barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and from heterozygous mutants with reduced activities of chloroplastic glutamine synthetase (GS-2), glycine decarboxylase (GDC) or serine : glyoxylate aminotransferase (SGAT). Well-watered plants of all four genotypes had identical rates of photosynthesis. Under moderate drought stress (leaf water potentials between –1 and –2 MPa), photosynthesis was lower in the mutants than in the wild type, indicating that photorespiration was increased under these conditions. Analysis of chlorophyll a fluorescence revealed that, in the GDC and SGAT mutants, the lower rates of photosynthesis coincided with a decreased quantum efficiency of photosystem II and increased non-photochemical dissipation of excitation energy. Correspondingly, the de-epoxidation state of xanthophyll-cycle carotenoids was increased several-fold in the drought-stressed GDC and SGAT mutants compared with the wild type. Accumulation of glycine in the GDC mutant was further evidence for increased photorespiration in drought-stressed barley. The effect of drought on the photorespiratory enzymes was determined by immunological detection of protein abundance. While the contents of GS-2 and P- and H-protein of the GDC complex remained unchanged as drought stress developed, the content of NADH-dependent hydroxypyruvate reductase increased. Enzymes of the Benson–Calvin cycle, on the other hand, were either not affected (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase and plastidic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase) or declined (sedoheptulose- 1,7-bisphosphatase and NADP-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase). These data demonstrate that photorespiration was enhanced during drought stress in barley and that the control exerted by photorespiratory enzymes on the rate of photosynthetic electron transport and CO2 fixation was increased