COMPETITIVENESS OF WINE EXPORT FROM THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA

The authors of this paper analyze export and competitiveness of wine export from the Republic of Serbia. Main goal of the research reflects in perceiving basic features of export and competitiveness of wine export from the Republic of Serbia on international market. The analysis encloses time period 2004-2007. The amount of wine export is very modest and, in observed period, was realized average export of 8,6 million litres, which value amounts 9,6 million USD. Only 5% of total domestic production is exported. In export structure dominate CEFTA agreement signatory countries. Export price of wine from Serbia is doubly less in regard to average world price, and thrice in regard to the biggest world exporter – Italy. Average export price of wine produced in Serbia is on the level of 1,11 USD per litre. The export structure is very unfavourable, i.e. dominates wine in bulk (90%), while only 10% of total export makes wine in bottles, which, for sure, reflects to attained export price. The authors quote that main limitation factors of Serbian wine export are small surfaces under grapevine, inappropriate structure of production, i.e. lack of qualitative and top-class (famous) wines. The wines which produce in Serbia, on international market, are competitive by price. However, low quality represents limitation factor of competitiveness increase. Unfavourable production structure and wine export represents one more limitation factor of competitiveness increase. In total wine production in Serbia, top-class wines participate with less than 15%, participation of qualitative wines is 20%, while the higher participation, more than 65%, have table wines, and more produces white (64%) than rose wines (36%). Previously mentioned is in opposition with demand trends on international market. Along with quality increase and change of production and export structure, there can be expected also increase of Serbian wine prices on international market. Analyzing the world turnover of wine, the authors resolve that leading exporters of wine have developed production and long tradition in wine export. Besides, there are series of governmental stimulations, aiming at export increase, which is significant from aspect of competitiveness increase. The European Union has increased wine export quota from 55 to 63 thousand hectolitres to the Republic of Serbia for duty free export, and mentioned decision on export quotas increase represents an incentive for faster development of viticulture and wine production in Serbia. As an imperative, the authors quote increase of high-quality wines participation in export, which have higher price in regard to table wines. They find that own chance for export must not be looked-for in quantity, because Serbia is relatively small wine producer, concerning high quality according to selected market segments, but also that Serbia must leave the path of industrial wines and produces only high-quality wines. In this paper has been pointed out to necessary measures, aiming at more dynamic export and competitiveness increase of wine export from Serbia. The Authors find that main focus should be on intellectual capital, which means permanent education of producers, in order to get wines of the highest quality which will find their consumers in a competitive world market.wine, export, competitiveness, Agribusiness, Crop Production/Industries, International Relations/Trade,

Magnetic Bearing Control System based on PI and PID Controllers

This paper describes the implementation of magnetic bearings and their active control system. The working principle of the special combined axial and radial magnetic bearings and their implementation is explained. The overall laboratory system consists of two magnetic bearings with their housings, the suspended shaft and control system with sensors and power electronics. Sensor electronics are used to measure the position of the shaft within a bearing and to determine the appropriate bearing current with outer position control loops and nested current control loops. The motor control board featuring the TMS320F28335 DSP and LDC1000 proximity sensors is used for control and power electronics. In order to implement the control system the X2C tool is used. This is an open source model based development and code generation tool embedded in the Scilab/Xcos environment. The sensor data acquisition time is optimized to increase the speed of the control system

How social information affects information search and choice in probabilistic inferences

When making decisions, people are often exposed to relevant information stemming from qualitatively different sources. For instance, when making a choice between two alternatives people can rely on the advice of other people (i.e., social information) or search for factual information about the alternatives (i.e., non-social information). Prior research in categorization has shown that social information is given special attention when both social and non-social information is available, even when the social information has no additional informational value. The goal of the current work is to investigate whether framing information as social or non-social also influences information search and choice in probabilistic inferences. In a first study, we found that framing cues (i.e., the information used to make a decision) with medium validity as social increased the probability that they were searched for compared to a task where the same cues were framed as non-social information, but did not change the strategy people relied on. A second and a third study showed that framing a cue with high validity as social information facilitated learning to rely on a non-compensatory decision strategy. Overall, the results suggest that social in comparison to non-social information is given more attention and is learned faster than non-social information

Implementation of Inductive Proximity Sensors in Active Magnetic Bearings

Research on the implementation of inductive proximity sensors in active magnetic bearings is performed in this paper. LDC1000 digital sensors manufactured by Texas Instruments are used since they claim to provide precision measured in microns and simple acquisition of the output data. The Sensor chip is connected with the sensing coil which is placed inside the magnetic bearing, close to electromagnets. This newly developed system created a platform for research in signal quality and its resistance to electrical noise. The controller used in this application was Texas Instruments TMS320F28335 digital signal processor (DSP). Software for data acquisition from LDC1000 was written and implemented in DSP using Code Composer Studio development environment. Two different output data are acquired and processed: proximity data and frequency count. Graphs presented in this paper show different resistance to electrical noise. A conclusion derived from this research can be applied in an industry where electromagnetic noise exists, together with the need for precise distance measurement

Tržište sira u zemljama CEFTA grupacije

The subject and aim of the research is to review the current trends regarding export and import in CEFTA member countries.The data has been collected from database of the International Trade Center, for the period 2008–2012. The average world export of cheese in the period of research was 7,606 tonnes with the tendency to significantly increase to up to 24.1% per year. The most prominent exporter is the Republic of Serbia which represents 63.8% of total regional export. The grouping’s import is 20,720 tonnes and the trend line shows a moderate growth at an average rate of 7.9% per year. The biggest importer in the region is Bosnia and Herzegovina which represents 37%. Countries of the region have a negative balance of foreign cheese trade with an average export of more than 13,000 tonnes (US $60 million). In order to increase the export, it is necessary to boost domestic cheese production by changing the quality structure to meet the requirements of the foreign market. The opportunity lies in the production and export of native cheeses as well as cheese produced in organic agriculture system.Predmet i cilj istraživanja jeste sagledavanje trendova u izvozu i uvozu sira u zemljama CEFTA grupacije. Izvore podataka predstavlja statistička baza Međunarodnog trgovinskog centra (International Trade Centre), u vremenskom periodu 2008-2012. godina. Prosečan izvoz grupacije iznosi 7.606 tona i ima tendenciju rasta po stopi od 24,1%. Najznačajniji izvoznik jeste Republika Srbija sa učešćem od 63,8% u ukupnom izvozu grupacije. Uvoz sira iznosi 20.720 tona i beleži trend umerenijeg rasta po stopi od 7,9%. Najveći uvoznik u grupaciji jeste Bosna i Hercegovina, sa učešćem od 37%. Navedene zemlje ostvaruju negativan bilans spoljnotrgovinske razmene sira, prosečno preko 13 hiljada tona (60 miliona dolara). U cilju većeg izvoza neophodno je povećati domaću proizvodnju sira uz promenu strukture sa stanovišta kvaliteta a prema zahtevima inostranog tržišta. Šansa je u proizvodnji i izvozu autohtonih i sireva proizvedenih u sistemu organske proizvodnje

Estrategias empresariales que fomentan la innovación

La presente investigación se centra en dar a conocer las diversas posturas desarrolladas en relación con las principales estrategias con las que se produce innovación de productos y servicios. Para ello, se ha realizado una investigación sistemática de fuentes publicadas comprendidas entre los años 2015-2020, con la finalidad de recobrar información que se ha centrado en la implementación de estas estrategias en las diferentes empresas en todo el mundo, por lo que se han planteado, fundamentalmente, cuatro objetivos que constituyen el contenido del trabajo. En un primer momento se busca establecer cómo las empresas aprovechan las políticas públicas de los mercados en que operan para generar innovación, y en qué medida resultan ser un impulso o un obstáculo en el desenvolvimiento de estas. Luego de ello, se ha planteado la importancia de los cambios tecnológicos que impulsan la innovación, los beneficios que proporciona su implementación y su adaptabilidad en las empresas. También se ha propuesto una definición de cómo se entiende el alcance de la explotación de las ideas dentro y fuera de la empresa, además de los beneficios que puede proporcionar su aplicación. Finalmente, se ha analizado el rol que tiene la competencia empresarial, tanto interna como externamente, como un motivador de innovación. La principal conclusión a la que llega esta investigación es que, si bien no existe una estrategia definida que produzca innovación de productos y servicios por sí sola, esta se da en condiciones multifactoriales.This paper focuses on expose different positions regarding the main strategies developed in order to produce innovation of products and services. For this purpose, a systematic investigation of published papers between the years 2015-2020 has been carried out, with the aim of gathering information that has focused on the implementation of these strategies in different companies around the world. Indeed, it has been extended four objectives that represent the content of the investigation. Firstly, the research it is seeking about how companies take advantage of the public policies of the markets in which they operate to generate innovation, and how important result in order to be whether an impulse or an obstacle to their development. After this, the importance of technological changes that drive innovation, the benefits provided by their implementation and their adaptability in companies have been discussed. Also, a definition of how to understand the scope of the exploitation of ideas inside and outside the company has been proposed, besides the benefits that its implementation can provide. Finally, the role of business competition, both internally and externally, as a motivator of innovation has been analyzed. The main conclusion reached by this paper is that, although there is no defined strategy that generates product and service innovation by itself, it occurs under multifactorial conditions.Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesiona

ACEP–SAEM response to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) proposal to simplify the review framework for research project grant applications

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Shox2 mediates Tbx5 activity by regulating Bmp4 in the pacemaker region of the developing heart

Heart formation requires a highly balanced network of transcriptional activation of genes. The homeodomain transcription factor, Shox2, is essential for the formation of the sinoatrial valves and for the development of the pacemaking system. The elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying the development of pacemaker tissue has gained clinical interest as defects in its patterning can be related to atrial arrhythmias. We have analyzed putative targets of Shox2 and identified the Bmp4 gene as a direct target. Shox2 interacts directly with the Bmp4 promoter in chromatin immunoprecipitation assays and activates transcription in luciferase-reporter assays. In addition, ectopic expression of Shox2 in Xenopus embryos stimulates transcription of the Bmp4 gene, and silencing of Shox2 in cardiomyocytes leads to a reduction in the expression of Bmp4. In Tbx5del/+ mice, a model for Holt-Oram syndrome, and Shox2−/− mice, we show that the T-box transcription factor Tbx5 is a regulator of Shox2 expression in the inflow tract and that Bmp4 is regulated by Shox2 in this compartment of the embryonic heart. In addition, we could show that Tbx5 acts cooperatively with Nkx2.5 to regulate the expression of Shox2 and Bmp4. This work establishes a link between Tbx5, Shox2 and Bmp4 in the pacemaker region of the developing heart and thus contributes to the unraveling of the intricate interplay between the heart-specific transcriptional machinery and developmental signaling pathways

Deliberativa samtal i skolan? En studie av verbal kommunikation i den svenska gymnasieskolan

Syftet med föreliggande uppsats är att studera öppen verbal kommunikation mellan elever/elever och lärare/elever under lektionstid i gymnasieskolan. I samband med detta undersöks även elevers inställning till observerad kommunikation. För att uppnå syftet genomförs tio observationer och ett gruppsamtal. Det empiriska materialet analyseras och tolkas sedan utifrån deliberativ kommunikationsteori och element som är betecknande för deliberativa samtal. Enligt analysen och tolkningen av det empiriska materialet återfinns i den observerade kommunikationen vissa av de karaktäristika som utmärker det deliberativa samtalet. Dock bör man framhålla att deliberativa samtal är sällan förekommande och kommunikationen är anpassad till den institutionella omgivning som den skapas i – den formas av betygsättning, elevernas inställning till lärande och att läraren har ett övergripande ansvar för elevernas utbildning