Ambiente familiar, qualidade de vida e prevalência de cárie dentária em pré-escolares de Uberlândia MG

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, 2014.Introdução: A doença cárie continua presente afetando a saúde das crianças, tornando necessária a utilização de instrumentos que avaliem a qualidade de vida e que possam mensurar a presença e gravidade da doença nos elementos dentários. Objetivo: Investigar a relação entre ambiente familiar, qualidade de vida e ocorrência de cárie dentária em crianças de 36 a 68 meses em Uberlândia- MG. Métodos: Este estudo transversal foi realizado no interior de Minas Gerais, sendo a amostra composta por 1483 crianças, na faixa etária de 36 a 68 meses, matriculadas em creches e pré-escolas da rede federal, municipal, conveniada e particular de ensino da cidade e seus respectivos responsáveis. A calibração intra-examinadora foi realizada por meio de um estudo piloto (Kappa 0,93). O exame clínico das crianças foi realizado utilizando o índice ICDAS e posteriormente o ceo, após os pais/responsáveis terem respondido a um formulário e o questionário ECOHIS. Resultados: A maioria das crianças do gênero masculino 757 (51,0%),tinha 05 anos de idade, 685 (46,2%); estudava em escolas públicas, 1187(79,9%) e tinha as mães como responsáveis, 1319(88,9%). A faixa etária de 20 a 30 anos representou a maior parte dos responsáveis677(45,6) e 733(49,4%) possuem o ensino médio como escolaridade mais frequente. A maioria das crianças já realizou uma consulta com o cirurgião-dentista 809(54,5%). O principal motivo que levou os responsáveis a procurarem atendimento foi prevenção 444(63,2%) e o local mais procurado foi o particular 322(40,1%). Do total de crianças, 217(14,6%) já sentiram dor, sendo a cárie o motivo principal 117(78,5%), Ao avaliar o ECOHIS pode-se observar que a maior parte dos responsáveis (70,0%) respondeu que as crianças ou as famílias não tinham problemas bucais, refletindo em uma boa qualidade de vida das crianças. Ao avaliar a presença de cárie dentária, de acordo com a idade, verificou-se que a maioria das crianças, 59,5% estava livre de cárie e as crianças de 05 anos de idade foram as que mais apresentavam a doença, 290(19,7%). Quanto a avaliação do ICDAS, os dentes mais acometidos pela doença cárie foram os segundos molares decíduos, e destes os molares inferiores com 411(27,6) para o dente 85 e 395(26,6) para o dente 75. O maior número de dentes hígidos foi observado nos caninos. Conclusão: houve baixa prevalência de cárie dentária tanto pelo CEO quanto pelo ICDAS, sendo a maioria das crianças livres de cárie. As crianças apresentaram boa qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal sendo que baixa renda familiar, escolaridade, idade e conhecimento dos responsáveis sobre saúde são fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento da doença cárie interferindo na qualidade de vida e na ocorrência de cárie dentária em crianças de 36 a 68 meses.Introduction: The illness caries continues present affecting the health of the children, becoming necessary the use of instruments that evaluate the quality of life and can measure the presence and gravity of the illness in the dental elements. Objective: To investigate the relation between familiar environment, quality of life and occurrence of dental caries in children of 36 the 68 months in Uberlândia- MG. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in Minas Gerais, in a sample of 1483 children aged 36-68 months who were enrolled in kindergartens and preschools network of federal, municipal, and convening private schools in the city and their respective guardians. The calibration intra-examiner was carried through by means of a study pilot (Kappa 0,93). The clinical examination of the children was carried through using index ICDAS and later the ceo, after the parents / guardians answered to a form and questionnaire ECOHIS. Results: The majority of the children of masculine sort 757 (51.0%), had 05 years of age, 685 (46.2%); it studied in public schools, 1187 (79.9%) and had the mothers as responsible, 1319 (88.9%). The age group 20-30 years represented most of responsibles 677 (45.6) and 733 (49.4%) have a high school education as more frequent. The majority of the children already carried through a consultation with the dentist 809 (54.5%). The main reason that took the responsible ones to look attendance was prevention 444 (63.2%) and the looked place more was particular 322 (40.1%). Of the total of children, 217 (14.6%) already had felt pain, being the caries main reason 117 (78.5%). When evaluating the ECOHIS can be observed that most of the responsible ones (70.0%) answered that the children or the families did not have buccal problems, reflecting in a good quality of life of the children. When evaluating the presence of dental caries, in accordance with the age, verified that the majority of the children, 59.5% were free of caries and the children of 05 years of age had been the ones that more presented the illness, 290 (19.7%). Regarding the evaluation of the ICDAS, the teeth more affected by the illness caries had been the second molar deciduous ones, and of these the molar inferiors with 411 (27,6) for tooth 85 and 395 (26,6) for tooth 75. The highest number of sound teeth was observed in canines. Conclusion: There was a low prevalence of dental caries both the CEO and the ICDAS, being the majority of the free children of caries. The children had presented good quality of life related to the oral health having been that familiar low income, education, age and knowledge of the responsible ones on health is factors of risk for the development of the illness caries intervening with the quality of life and the occurrence of dental caries in children of 36 the 68 months

A oferta dos cursos de educação permanente em saúde utilizando a plataforma virtual de aprendizagem: capacitação dos profissionais de saúde no período pandêmico da COVID-19 no Brasil nos anos de 2020 e 2021

A Educação permanente em saúde (EPS) foi a linha de frente na pandemia, qualificando os profissionais mediante dispositivos eletrônicos e Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação, reduzindo os agravos da pandemia. Esta pesquisa objetivou descrever quais ações de EPS oferecidas pelas plataformas de aprendizagem virtual foram produzidas no período pandêmico da COVID-19, no Brasil, em 2020 a 2021. Na metodologia, realizou-se pesquisa documental com abordagem quantitativa. Buscou-se documentos na plataforma de Aprendizagem (AVASUS), 2020 a 2021. Os dados quantitativos foram analisados por estatística descritiva. Os resultados demonstraram que os cursos oferecidos pelo AVASUS foram compatíveis com as necessidades dos profissionais de saúde e da população, considerando a pandemia. Portanto, a incorporação das tecnologias, como inovação pedagógica, garantiu o acesso, autonomia e propagação do conhecimento técnico-científico aos profissionais de saúde, durante a pandemia da COVID-19.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Geographic patterns of tree dispersal modes in Amazonia and their ecological correlates

Aim: To investigate the geographic patterns and ecological correlates in the geographic distribution of the most common tree dispersal modes in Amazonia (endozoochory, synzoochory, anemochory and hydrochory). We examined if the proportional abundance of these dispersal modes could be explained by the availability of dispersal agents (disperser-availability hypothesis) and/or the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits (resource-availability hypothesis). Time period: Tree-inventory plots established between 1934 and 2019. Major taxa studied: Trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 9.55 cm. Location: Amazonia, here defined as the lowland rain forests of the Amazon River basin and the Guiana Shield. Methods: We assigned dispersal modes to a total of 5433 species and morphospecies within 1877 tree-inventory plots across terra-firme, seasonally flooded, and permanently flooded forests. We investigated geographic patterns in the proportional abundance of dispersal modes. We performed an abundance-weighted mean pairwise distance (MPD) test and fit generalized linear models (GLMs) to explain the geographic distribution of dispersal modes. Results: Anemochory was significantly, positively associated with mean annual wind speed, and hydrochory was significantly higher in flooded forests. Dispersal modes did not consistently show significant associations with the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits. A lower dissimilarity in dispersal modes, resulting from a higher dominance of endozoochory, occurred in terra-firme forests (excluding podzols) compared to flooded forests. Main conclusions: The disperser-availability hypothesis was well supported for abiotic dispersal modes (anemochory and hydrochory). The availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits seems an unlikely explanation for the distribution of dispersal modes in Amazonia. The association between frugivores and the proportional abundance of zoochory requires further research, as tree recruitment not only depends on dispersal vectors but also on conditions that favour or limit seedling recruitment across forest types

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

AimAmazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types.LocationAmazonia.TaxonAngiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots).MethodsData for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny.ResultsIn the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R2 = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R2 = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types.Main ConclusionNumerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location: Amazonia. Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods: Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran\u27s eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results: In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R$^{2}$ = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R$^{2}$ = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

The biogeography of the Amazonian tree flora

We describe the geographical variation in tree species composition across Amazonian forests and show how environmental conditions are associated with species turnover. Our analyses are based on 2023 forest inventory plots (1 ha) that provide abundance data for a total of 5188 tree species. Withinplot species composition reflected both local environmental conditions (especially soil nutrients and hydrology) and geographical regions. A broader-scale view of species turnover was obtained by interpolating the relative tree species abundances over Amazonia into 47,441 0.1-degree grid cells. Two main dimensions of spatial change in tree species composition were identified. The first was a gradient between western Amazonia at the Andean forelands (with young geology and relatively nutrient-rich soils) and central–eastern Amazonia associated with the Guiana and Brazilian Shields (with more ancient geology and poor soils). The second gradient was between the wet forests of the northwest and the drier forests in southern Amazonia. Isolines linking cells of similar composition crossed major Amazonian rivers, suggesting that tree species distributions are not limited by rivers. Even though some areas of relatively sharp species turnover were identified, mostly the tree species composition changed gradually over large extents, which does not support delimiting clear discrete biogeographic regions within Amazonia

Mapping density, diversity and species-richness of the Amazon tree flora

Using 2.046 botanically-inventoried tree plots across the largest tropical forest on Earth, we mapped tree species-diversity and tree species-richness at 0.1-degree resolution, and investigated drivers for diversity and richness. Using only location, stratified by forest type, as predictor, our spatial model, to the best of our knowledge, provides the most accurate map of tree diversity in Amazonia to date, explaining approximately 70% of the tree diversity and species-richness. Large soil-forest combinations determine a significant percentage of the variation in tree species-richness and tree alpha-diversity in Amazonian forest-plots. We suggest that the size and fragmentation of these systems drive their large-scale diversity patterns and hence local diversity. A model not using location but cumulative water deficit, tree density, and temperature seasonality explains 47% of the tree species-richness in the terra-firme forest in Amazonia. Over large areas across Amazonia, residuals of this relationship are small and poorly spatially structured, suggesting that much of the residual variation may be local. The Guyana Shield area has consistently negative residuals, showing that this area has lower tree species-richness than expected by our models. We provide extensive plot meta-data, including tree density, tree alpha-diversity and tree species-richness results and gridded maps at 0.1-degree resolution

Educomunicação e suas áreas de intervenção: Novos paradigmas para o diálogo intercultural

oai:omp.abpeducom.org.br:publicationFormat/1O material aqui divulgado representa, em essência, a contribuição do VII Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação ao V Global MIL Week, da UNESCO, ocorrido na ECA/USP, entre 3 e 5 de novembro de 2016. Estamos diante de um conjunto de 104 papers executivos, com uma média de entre 7 e 10 páginas, cada um. Com este rico e abundante material, chegamos ao sétimo e-book publicado pela ABPEducom, em seus seis primeiros anos de existência. A especificidade desta obra é a de trazer as “Áreas de Intervenção” do campo da Educomunicação, colocando-as a serviço de uma meta essencial ao agir educomunicativo: o diálogo intercultural, trabalhado na linha do tema geral do evento internacional: Media and Information Literacy: New Paradigms for Intercultural Dialogue

Rarity of monodominance in hyperdiverse Amazonian forests.

Tropical forests are known for their high diversity. Yet, forest patches do occur in the tropics where a single tree species is dominant. Such "monodominant" forests are known from all of the main tropical regions. For Amazonia, we sampled the occurrence of monodominance in a massive, basin-wide database of forest-inventory plots from the Amazon Tree Diversity Network (ATDN). Utilizing a simple defining metric of at least half of the trees ≥ 10 cm diameter belonging to one species, we found only a few occurrences of monodominance in Amazonia, and the phenomenon was not significantly linked to previously hypothesized life history traits such wood density, seed mass, ectomycorrhizal associations, or Rhizobium nodulation. In our analysis, coppicing (the formation of sprouts at the base of the tree or on roots) was the only trait significantly linked to monodominance. While at specific locales coppicing or ectomycorrhizal associations may confer a considerable advantage to a tree species and lead to its monodominance, very few species have these traits. Mining of the ATDN dataset suggests that monodominance is quite rare in Amazonia, and may be linked primarily to edaphic factors