A simple brain atlas of the adult zebrafish (Danio rerio)

The zebrafish and its brain popularity in scientific research created the necessity of a quick and simple atlas for the examination of the entire central nervous system structure. Sagittal sections of 5 μm were obtained from 10 adult both male and female zebrafish. Luxol Fast Blue-Cresyl Violet staining was performed in serial brain sections from whole adult zebrafish brain for examination of myelin and neuron structure and localization. Neurons can be well established with distinct cell bodies and nuclei in examined cerebral structures from both hemispheres. Cresyl violet is used to stain the neuronal cell bodies and processes which appear in a pink to violet color. Luxol fast blue stain is used to identify myelin in nervous tissue which gets stained in bright blue. The serial brain sections staining with Luxol fast blue-Cresyl Violet gives a quick and complete view of the central nervous system morphology and could be a useful tool in toxicology studies or in the research of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases

Neurotrophins and their receptors distribution in the central nervous system of the Zebrafish (Danio rerio) - a review

Neurotrophins (NTs) and their receptors have been extensively studied in the last years due to their involvement in the development of the nervous system, its plasticity and survival, as well as in psychiatric or neurodegenerative diseases. In zebrafish, the popular animal model for genetic studies, recent publications reveal the localization of NTs and tyrosine kinase receptors (Trks) in most important regions of the central nervous system (CNS) of developing embryo, the distribution of brain derivated neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF) and TrkB in adult zebrafish brain and also the expression of main NTs and Trk receptors in the cerebellum, meanwhile some unknown pathways of the complex mapping of tyrosine kinase (Ntrk) receptors and their ligands remain to be established

Hhistological aspects of thymus in japonese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) from one to 180 days of age

Thymus, described from antiquity, has long time been considered a mysterious organ because its role in the body was unknown. The first microscopic description of the thymus belongs to Hassal, and in the first half of the 20th century the thymectomy was performed to treat "myasthenia gravis." In 1962, the role of thymusin the production of T-lymphocytes which are responsible for the cell mediated immunitywas revealed. Bird's thymus represents 2% of the body weight at hatching and continues to develop until the time of sexual maturity. Coturnix japonica is a species used in the laboratory as an experimental animal, and it is economically important because of the nutritional value of the eggs which are recommended to be consumed in various diseases. The japonese quail reaches sexual maturity at the age of 7 weeks when signs of thymic involution should be observed. The present study aimed to describe some histological particular features of thymus in the japonese quail. In the study, 25 quail wereeuthanized at the age of 1, 7, 15, 24 and 60 days for thymus prelevation. The fragments were prepared by paraffin embeding and stained HEA, Giemsa and PAS. This has highlighted some of the particularities of this species. In most species thymus regresses under physiological conditions due to sex hormones action at puberty. The histological aspects obtained in this study demonstrated that in this species the thymus involution was not present even in the individuals sacrificed at the age of 6 months. The dimensions of the cortical and medullary areas of the thymus at 24 and 60 days wereapproximately constant

Histological structure of the ovary in adult Zebra fish

The reproductive system in Zebra fish is intensely analyzed in research, especially in toxicological studies. Therefore, thorough knowledge about normal histology is vital. In our study we have examined 30 adult Zebra fish females with the aim of description the normal morphology and oocytes stages of development. For the gonads examination, histological samples were realized by cutting the fish in cross section or longitudinal section. Samples were fixed in Bouin, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 5μm, H&E stained and examined at light microscope Olympus CX41. Oocytes in different stages of development were differentiated, measuredand main structures were noted. Primary oocytes were mainly disposed in clusters, had small diameter, intense basophil cytoplasm, big nucleus and multiple nucleoli, whilst the cortical alveoli oocytes had larger diameter, germinative vesicle highly irregular, with pleiomorphic and multiple nucleoli and mainly the formation of cortical alveoli with different forms and sizes. In the vitellogenic stage, the oocytes accumulate vitellogenin, a yolk-precursor protein, by endocytosis in membrane limited yolk bodies. The maturation stage of oocytes includes the fusion of the yolk bodies, the nucleus migration toward the oocyte periphery and nuclear envelope breaks down

Histological structure of the testis in adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

The reproductive system in Zebra fish is intensely analyzed in research, especially in toxicological studies. Therefore, thorough knowledge about normal histology is vital. In our study we have examined 30 adult Zebra fish females with the aim of description the normal morphology and oocytes stages of development. For the gonads examination, histological samples were realized by cutting the fish in cross section or longitudinal section. Samples were fixed in Bouin, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 5μm, H&E stained and examined at light microscope Olympus CX41. Oocytes in different stages of development were differentiated, measuredand main structures were noted. Primary oocytes were mainly disposed in clusters, had small diameter, intense basophil cytoplasm, big nucleus and multiple nucleoli, whilst the cortical alveoli oocytes had larger diameter, germinative vesicle highly irregular, with pleiomorphic and multiple nucleoli and mainly the formation of cortical alveoli with different forms and sizes. In the vitellogenic stage, the oocytes accumulate vitellogenin, a yolk-precursor protein, by endocytosis in membrane limited yolk bodies. The maturation stage of oocytes includes the fusion of the yolk bodies, the nucleus migration toward the oocyte periphery and nuclear envelope breaks down

The neurotoxic effect of deoxynivalenol in chronic intoxication of chickens

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin produced by species of the Fusarium spp. that infects cereals such as corn, wheat, oats, barley, rice etc. stored in improper conditions. DON has a cytotoxic effect, affecting animal and human health, causing symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache, dizziness, and fever. Fourty ROS 308 broiler chikens were subchronic intoxicated with DON in order to observe histological changes in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum. Following the histological examination, the cerebral cortex and the cerebellum of the experimental lot showed a variable spongy appearance, abnormal aspect neurons, with highly acidophilic, granular, vacuolized cytoplasm and pycnotic nuclei. Also, in neurons from the cerebral cortex, loss of shape and loss of the layers arrangement was observed. These changes explain the altered clinical status of chickens from experimental group throughout the experiment

Reactivity of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) in pigs that received in food black grapes seed and skin powder

The study was carried out on 20 pigs from the Petrain breed that received powders and skins of black grapes in 1% ratio for 3 months. At the end of the experiment, samples were taken from duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon, mesenteric ganglia, which were fixed with 10% buffered formalin, included in paraffin, sectioned and stained with HE. Following the examination, there was a diffuse lymphoid infiltration into the lamina propria of the mucous membranes studied, agglomeration of lymph nodes in the submucosa of the jejunum, ileum and colon in pigs from experimental group (EG). lymphoid follicles from mesenteric lymph nodes are larger and more numerous in pigs from EG compared to control group (CG). Polyphenols from black grape powder in this experiment resulted in significant lymphoplasmocyte infiltration into the mucosa, digestive submucosa and mesenteric lymph nodes and increased carcass weight at slaughter by 1.08 Kg compared to LM

Toxicity of Deltamethrin to Zebrafish Gonads Revealed by Cellular Biomarkers

Deltamethrin is responsible for health and reproduction problems both in mammals and aquatic organisms. In this study, zebrafish adults were exposed for 15 days to 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 μg L−1 non-lethal concentrations of deltamethrin, knowing that is used worldwide on agricultural crops. We investigated the chronic effects of deltamethrin on gonads by histopathological examination, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence using biomarkers for apoptosis (anti-p53, anti-H2A.XS139ph antibodies, and TUNEL assay), oxidative stress (anti-Cox4i1 antibody) and proliferation (anti-PCNA antibody). Among the histopathological changes, the apoptotic response was elevated in ovary and testis of deltamethrin exposed groups as it was seen in the IHC and IF for p53, H2A.XS139ph, and confirmed by TUNEL assay. These were observed in the case of all studied concentrations compared with the control group. Thereby, the gonadal tissue exhibited an up-regulated activity of this cell-death signaling markers, while the proliferation marker (PCNA) increased in the ovary due to its presence not only in primary growth and cortical-alveolar stage follicles but also in atretic follicles, meanwhile decreased notably in the testis. Cox4i1, a mitochondrial marker, decreased both in ovary and testis during deltamethrin treatment, probably inhibited by the overproduction of the free radicals after pesticide exposure

Assessing the Neurotoxicity of a Sub-Optimal Dose of Rotenone in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) and the Possible Neuroactive Potential of Valproic Acid, Combination of Levodopa and Carbidopa, and Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains

first_page settings Order Article Reprints Open AccessArticle Assessing the Neurotoxicity of a Sub-Optimal Dose of Rotenone in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) and the Possible Neuroactive Potential of Valproic Acid, Combination of Levodopa and Carbidopa, and Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains by Ovidiu-Dumitru Ilie 1,† [ORCID] , Raluca Duta 1, Ioana-Miruna Balmus 2,3, Alexandra Savuca 4 [ORCID] , Adriana Petrovici 5 [ORCID] , Ilinca-Bianca Nita 6, Lucian-Mihai Antoci 7, Roxana Jijie 8,† [ORCID] , Cosmin-Teodor Mihai 9 [ORCID] , Alin Ciobica 1,*, Mircea Nicoara 1,4 [ORCID] , Roxana Popescu 7,10 [ORCID] , Romeo Dobrin 11,* [ORCID] , Carmen Solcan 5,* [ORCID] , Anca Trifan 12,13 [ORCID] , Carol Stanciu 12,13 and Bogdan Doroftei 6 [ORCID] 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, Carol I Avenue, no 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania 2 Department of Exact and Natural Sciences, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, Carol I Avenue, no 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania 3 Doctoral School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, Carol I Avenue, 20A, 700506 Iasi, Romania 4 Doctoral School of Geosciences, Faculty of Geography-Geology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, Carol I Avenue, no 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania 5 Department of Molecular Biology, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, Mihail Sadoveanu Street, no 3, 700490 Iasi, Romania 6 Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street, no 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania 7 Department of Medical Genetics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street, no 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania 8 Research Center on Advanced Materials and Technologies, Department of Exact and Natural Sciences, Institute of Inderdisciplinary Research, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, Carol I Avenue, no 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania 9 Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street, no 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania 10 Department of Medical Genetics, “Saint Mary” Emergency Children’s Hospital, Vasile Lupu Street, no 62, 700309 Iasi, Romania add Show full affiliation list * Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed. † These authors equally contributed to this work. Antioxidants 2022, 11(10), 2040; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11102040 Received: 2 September 2022 / Revised: 3 October 2022 / Accepted: 13 October 2022 / Published: 17 October 2022 (This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation in Neurological and Neurodegenerative Disorders) Download Browse Figures Review Reports Versions Notes Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) is an enigmatic neurodegenerative disorder that is currently the subject of extensive research approaches aiming at deepening the understanding of its etiopathophysiology. Recent data suggest that distinct compounds used either as anticonvulsants or agents usually used as dopaminergic agonists or supplements consisting of live active lactic acid bacteria strains might alleviate and improve PD-related phenotypes. This is why we aimed to elucidate how the administration of rotenone (ROT) disrupts homeostasis and the possible neuroactive potential of valproic acid (VPA), antiparkinsonian agents (levodopa and carbidopa – LEV+CARB), and a mixture of six Lactobacillus and three Bifidobacterium species (PROBIO) might re-establish the optimal internal parameters. ROT causes significant changes in the central nervous system (CNS), notably reduced neurogenesis and angiogenesis, by triggering apoptosis, reflected by the increased expression of PARKIN and PINK1 gene(s), low brain dopamine (DA) levels, and as opposed to LRRK2 and SNCA compared with healthy zebrafish. VPA, LEV/CARB, and PROBIO sustain neurogenesis and angiogenesis, manifesting a neuroprotective role in diminishing the effect of ROT in zebrafish. Interestingly, none of the tested compounds influenced oxidative stress (OS), as reflected by the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymatic activity revealed in non-ROT-exposed zebrafish. Overall, the selected concentrations were enough to trigger particular behavioral patterns as reflected by our parameters of interest (swimming distance (mm), velocity (mm/s), and freezing episodes (s)), but sequential testing is mandatory to decipher whether they exert an inhibitory role following ROT exposure. In this way, we further offer data into how ROT may trigger a PD-related phenotype and the possible beneficial role of VPA, LEV+CARB, and PROBIO in re-establishing homeostasis in Danio rerio

Azimuthal anisotropy of charged jet production in root s(NN)=2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions

We present measurements of the azimuthal dependence of charged jet production in central and semi-central root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions with respect to the second harmonic event plane, quantified as nu(ch)(2) (jet). Jet finding is performed employing the anti-k(T) algorithm with a resolution parameter R = 0.2 using charged tracks from the ALICE tracking system. The contribution of the azimuthal anisotropy of the underlying event is taken into account event-by-event. The remaining (statistical) region-to-region fluctuations are removed on an ensemble basis by unfolding the jet spectra for different event plane orientations independently. Significant non-zero nu(ch)(2) (jet) is observed in semi-central collisions (30-50% centrality) for 20 <p(T)(ch) (jet) <90 GeV/c. The azimuthal dependence of the charged jet production is similar to the dependence observed for jets comprising both charged and neutral fragments, and compatible with measurements of the nu(2) of single charged particles at high p(T). Good agreement between the data and predictions from JEWEL, an event generator simulating parton shower evolution in the presence of a dense QCD medium, is found in semi-central collisions. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Peer reviewe