Modular Architectures And Optimization Techniques For Power And Reliability In Future Many Core Microprocessors

Power and reliability issues are expected to increase in future multicore systems with a higher degree of component integration. As the feature sizes of transistors continue to shrink, more resources can be incorporated in microprocessors to address a broader spectrum of different application requirements. However, power constraints will limit the amount of resources that can be powered on at any given time. Recent studies have shown that future multicore systems will be able to power on less than 80% of their transistors in the near future, and less than 50% in the long term. The most difficult challenge is deciding which transistors should be powered on at any given time to deliver high performance under strict power constraints. At the same time, device reliability issues - the proliferation of devices that will either be defective at manufacturing time or will fail in the field with usage - are projected to be exacerbated by the continued scaling of device sizes. We present a modular, dynamically reconfigurable architecture as a promising unified solution to the problems of dark silicon (the inability to power all available computing resources) and reliability. Our modular architecture implements deconfigurable lanes within the decoupled sections of a superscalar pipeline that can be easily powered on or off to isolate faults or create an energy-efficient hardware configuration tailored to the needs of the running software. At the system level, we propose a novel framework that uses surrogate response surfaces and heuristic global optimization algorithms to characterize the behavior of applications at runtime and dynamically redistribute the available chip-wide power to obtain hardware configurations customized for the software diversity and system goals. Our reconfigurable architecture is able to provide high performance under a strict power budget, maintain a certain performance level at a reduced power cost, and in the case of hard faults, restore the system's performance to pre-fault levels

Repsol: análisis económico y financiero

The aim of this thesis is to analyse the Spanish multi energy company Repsol S.A., through a strategic, economic and financial analysis. It is based off gathering information from the consolidated financial statements from 2018 to 2020, in which, throughout the development of the analysis, will be reflected in the different changes and movements that the company has experienced because of the global health crisis and also due to the different plans and projects in which Repsol carry out. The development of this thesis consists of a strategic analysis that implies a sectorial investigation and an internal one; an economic and financial analysis where the financial states of the company are studied based on financial ratios, data regarding the previous year and a comparison with Cepsa. The next part is to estimate a financial forecast for the years 2021-2023, in which it is taking into account the variables inputted into the diagnostic inform with corrective measures, indicating the evolution of the company for the next three years and the elaboration of a balanced scorecard in which the situation will be determined and the evolution of the company through different metrics. In the end, it gives an answer to the aims that were proposed for the execution of this job through the interpretation of the obtained results, in which the impact of the pandemic on the company is shown, the adaptive capacity to change that Repsol S.A. has and the high expectations that they hold regarding transition and sustainability.Con este trabajo se pretende analizar la multienergética española Repsol S.A., mediante un análisis estratégico, económico y financiero. Se parte recogiendo la información de los estados financieros consolidados de los años 2018 hasta el 2020, en el que, a lo largo del desarrollo del análisis, se reflejarán los diferentes cambios y movimientos que ha experimentado la compañía a causa de la crisis sanitaria mundial y de los diferentes planes y proyectos en los que actúa Repsol. El desarrollo de este trabajo consta de un análisis estratégico, en el que se lleva a cabo una investigación tanto a nivel sectorial, como interno; Un análisis económico y financiero, en el que se estudian los estados financieros de la compañía, basándose en ratios financieras, datos con respecto al año anterior y la realización de una comparativa con Cepsa. La siguiente parte consiste en estimar unos estados financieros previsionales para los años 2021 hasta el 2023, en el que se tiene en cuentas las variables detectadas en el informe diagnóstico con medidas correctoras, mostrando la evolución de la sociedad para los próximos tres años y la elaboración de un cuadro de mando integral en el que determinará la situación y evolución de la empresa mediante diferentes métricas. Al final, se da respuesta a los objetivos que se plantearon para la ejecución de este trabajo mediante la interpretación de los resultados obtenidos, en el que se evidencia el impacto que ha tenido la pandemia sobre la empresa, la gran capacidad de adaptación al cambio que posee y las grandes expectativas que ostenta con respecto a la transición y sostenibilidad

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved