True bugs and beetles new to Montenegro and Bulgaria (Insecta: Heteroptera, Coleoptera)

From Montenegro, one species of Heteroptera, Lethocerus patruelis, and eight species of Coleoptera, Ampedus cardinalis, Cardiophorus anticus (Elateridae), Diaperis boleti, Iphthiminus italicus croaticus, Opatrum verrucosum, Pedinus helopioides (Tenebrionidae), Prostomis mandibularis (Prostomidae), Camptorhinus simplex (Curculionidae) are recorded for the first time. Pytho depressus (Pythidae) is recorded for the first time from Bulgaria

Simulating rewetting events in intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams: a global analysis of leached nutrients and organic matter

Climate change and human pressures are changing the global distribution and extent of intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams (IRES), which comprise half of the global river network area. IRES are characterized by periods of flow cessation, during which channel substrates accumulate and undergo physico‐chemical changes (preconditioning), and periods of flow resumption, when these substrates are rewetted and release pulses of dissolved nutrients and organic matter (OM). However, there are no estimates of the amounts and quality of leached substances, nor is there information on the underlying environmental constraints operating at the global scale. We experimentally simulated, under standard laboratory conditions, rewetting of leaves, riverbed sediments, and epilithic biofilms collected during the dry phase across 205 IRES from five major climate zones. We determined the amounts and qualitative characteristics of the leached nutrients and OM, and estimated their areal fluxes from riverbeds. In addition, we evaluated the variance in leachate characteristics in relation to selected environmental variables and substrate characteristics. We found that sediments, due to their large quantities within riverbeds, contribute most to the overall flux of dissolved substances during rewetting events (56‐98%), and that flux rates distinctly differ among climate zones. Dissolved organic carbon, phenolics, and nitrate contributed most to the areal fluxes. The largest amounts of leached substances were found in the continental climate zone, coinciding with the lowest potential bioavailability of the leached organic matter. The opposite pattern was found in the arid zone. Environmental variables expected to be modified under climate change (i.e. potential evapotranspiration, aridity, dry period duration, land use) were correlated with the amount of leached substances, with the strongest relationship found for sediments. These results show that the role of IRES should be accounted for in global biogeochemical cycles, especially because prevalence of IRES will increase due to increasing severity of drying events

Simulating rewetting events in intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams: A global analysis of leached nutrients and organic matter

Climate change and human pressures are changing the global distribution and the ex‐ tent of intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams (IRES), which comprise half of the global river network area. IRES are characterized by periods of flow cessation, during which channel substrates accumulate and undergo physico‐chemical changes (precon‐ ditioning), and periods of flow resumption, when these substrates are rewetted and release pulses of dissolved nutrients and organic matter (OM). However, there are no estimates of the amounts and quality of leached substances, nor is there information on the underlying environmental constraints operating at the global scale. We experi‐ mentally simulated, under standard laboratory conditions, rewetting of leaves, river‐ bed sediments, and epilithic biofilms collected during the dry phase across 205 IRES from five major climate zones. We determined the amounts and qualitative character‐ istics of the leached nutrients and OM, and estimated their areal fluxes from riverbeds. In addition, we evaluated the variance in leachate characteristics in relation to selected environmental variables and substrate characteristics. We found that sediments, due to their large quantities within riverbeds, contribute most to the overall flux of dis‐ solved substances during rewetting events (56%–98%), and that flux rates distinctly differ among climate zones. Dissolved organic carbon, phenolics, and nitrate contrib‐ uted most to the areal fluxes. The largest amounts of leached substances were found in the continental climate zone, coinciding with the lowest potential bioavailability of the leached OM. The opposite pattern was found in the arid zone. Environmental vari‐ ables expected to be modified under climate change (i.e. potential evapotranspiration, aridity, dry period duration, land use) were correlated with the amount of leached sub‐ stances, with the strongest relationship found for sediments. These results show that the role of IRES should be accounted for in global biogeochemical cycles, especially because prevalence of IRES will increase due to increasing severity of drying event

Contribution to the study of some water mites (Acari, Hydrachnidia) from Hungary

A new records of water mites from Hungary is based on the material collected by T. Kovács et al., from the investigated area. Six species are identified, one of which (Lebertia insignis Neuman, 1880) are new for the fauna of Hungary. Tiphys convexipalpis L. Ponyi, 1956, are synonymized with Typhis ornatus Koch, 1836. The ecological significance of the new records is briefly discussed

Stygohydracarus karanovici sp. n., and Atractides inflatipes Lundblad, 1956, two water mites species (Acari: Hydrachnidia) from Montenegro (SE Europe)

Pesic, Vladimir M. (2001): Stygohydracarus karanovici sp. n., and Atractides inflatipes Lundblad, 1956, two water mites species (Acari: Hydrachnidia) from Montenegro (SE Europe). Zootaxa 17: 1-

Torrenticola (Torrenticola) saboorii Pesic & Asadi, 2002, sp. nov.

<i>Torrenticola (Torrenticola) saboorii</i> sp. nov. <p>(Figs. 1­6)</p> <p> <i>Material examined</i>: Holotype male, dissected and slide mounted in Hoyer's fluid; <b>Iran</b>, Kerman area, the Bidkhan stream, Bidkhan (area of Bardsir city</p> <p>near Kerman), 0 6.08.2002, leg. Asadi.</p> <p> <i>Diagnosis</i>: Idiosoma longish (L/W dorsal shield 1.57); ventral plate extended almost to the posterior margin of the ventral shield, medial suture lines of Cx­2+3 considerably elongated (L>190, ratio Cx­1 L/Cx­2+3 median L 1.56).</p> <p> <i>Description</i></p> <p> <i>Male</i>: Idiosoma (Fig. 2) L 785.0, W 561.5, dorsal shield (Fig. 1) L 677.0, W 430.7, L/ W ratio 1.57; dorsal plate L 646.0; shoulder plate L 227.0, W 65.4, L/W ratio 3.47, frontal plate L 123.0, W 57.7, L/W ratio 2.13, shoulder/frontal plate L ratio 1.84; gnathosomal bay L 131.5, W 75.0; ventral plate extending almost to the posterior margin of the ventral shield; Cx­1 total L 300.0, median L 169.2, Cx­2+3 median L 192.3; ratio Cx­1 total L/ Cx­2+3 median L 1.56, Cx­1 median L/Cx­2+3 median L 0.88; genital field (Fig. 3) L 142.3, W 111.5, L/W ratio 1.27, rectangular in shape; ejaculatory complex (Fig. 6) L 221.1, W 92.3; distance genital field–excretory pore 120.4, distance genital field–caudal body margin 161.5; gnathosoma ventral L 305.8; chelicera L 334.6; palp (Figs. 4­5) total L 324.1, dorsal length and relative length (in parentheses % of total length) of palp segments: P­1 34.6 (10.6), P­2 102 (31.5), P­3 61.5 (19.0), P­4 102 (31.5), P­5 24 (7.4); P­2/ P­4 ratio 1.0.</p> <p> <i>Female</i>: unknown.</p> <p> <i>Discussion</i>: <i>T. saboorii</i> sp. nov. is differing from all other Palaearctic species of the subgenus <i>Torrenticola,</i> in the considerably extended ventral plate (almost to the posterior margin of the ventral shield, like in <i>T.rhamphopsis</i> Wiles, 1997, from Malaysia). Due to the relatively long medial suture line of Cx/2+3 and medium sized genital field in males, <i>T. saboorii</i> sp. nov. is similar to <i>T. lativalvata sensu</i> Angelier, <i>T. microphallus</i> Lundblad, 1965 and <i>T. crenobia</i> Di Sabatino & Cicolani, 1992. From all these species, <i>T. saboorii</i> sp. nov., is differing in the remarkably longer medial suture line of Cx­2+3 (L>190, ratio Cx­1 L/Cx­2+3 median L 1.56) and in the relatively longer shoulder plates (L ratio shoulder/ frontal plate 1.84).</p> <p> <i>Etymology</i>: The species is named after Dr. Alireza Saboori. <i>Habitat</i>: Rhithral.</p> <p> <i>Distribution</i>: <b>Iran</b>, only known from the <i>locus typicus</i> in the Kerman area.</p>Published as part of <i>Pesic, Vladimir M. & Asadi, Mahdieh, 2002, Two new water mite species from Iran of the water mite families Torrenticolidae and Hygrobatidae (Acari: Hydrachnidia), pp. 1-7 in Zootaxa 127</i> on pages 2-4, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/156109">10.5281/zenodo.156109</a&gt

Atractides iranicus Pesic & Asadi, 2002, sp. nov.

<p> <b> <i>Atractides iranicus</i> sp. nov.</b> (Figs. 7­9)</p> <p> <i>Material examined</i>: Holotype, female, dissected and slide mounted in Hoyer's fluid; Iran, Kerman area, the Sirch stream in the Sirch village (near Kerman), 23.07.2002, leg Asadi; Paratypes: two females, same data as holotype, dissected and slide mounted on Hoyer's fluid.</p> <p> <i>Diagnosis</i>: Females: I­L­5 thickened at insertion S­1 (ratio dorsal length I­L­5/central height 2.9­3.3); S­1­2 distanced (31­36.5), seta S­1 less slender (L/W<10.0); I­L­6 more stout (L/HB<9); the ventral margin of P­4 is divided by hair insertions in sectors 1:1:2; the sword seta is arranged distally from the distoventral hair.</p> <p> <i>Description</i></p> <p> <i>Female</i> (holotype, measurements of paratypes are given in parentheses): Length of idiosoma 690.0 (692.0), width 507.0 (493.0); dorsally the integument is striated; muscle attachments unsclerotized; length between anterior end of first coxae and posterior end of fourth coxae 346.1; Cx­3 width 396.0; Cx­1+2 width 307.0 (275.0); Cx­1+2 medial suture 102.0 (100.0) in length; distance from lateralmost tips of Cx­2 to the medioposterior edge of Cx­2+3 203.0 (192.3); chelicerae L 322.5, claw L 61.5; palp total L 308. 1 (300.6), dorsal L of single segments: P­1 28.3 (28.0), P­2 68.3 (66.6), P­3 84.6 (82), P­4 92.3 (91), P­5 34.6 (33); length ratio P­2/P­4 is 0.74 (0.73); palp: slender; P­2 ventral margin very weakly convex, nearly straight, distally forming a right angle; P­4 with a slight ventral indentation, sword seta distal to disto­ventral hair (Fig. 8). Genital field: praegenital sclerite narrow, Ac in a weakly curved line (Fig. 7); genital plates L 98.0 (98.0), W 28.0 (27.0), genital field W 163.0; Ac­1­3 length 25.0­28.3­27.0 (24.0­25.0­25.0); excretory pore unsclerotized; Vgl­1 separated from Vgl­2.</p> <p>I­L­5 thickened at insertion S­1, with ventral seta inserted close to S­1; S­1­2 distanced, heteromorphic, thickened; I­L­6 curved, very slender (Fig. 9); I­L­5 dorsal length 205.0 (186.5), I­L­5 ventral length 117.0 (115.4), ratio dorsal length I­L­5/ventral length 1.75 (1.62), I­L­5 central height 61.5 (65.0), ratio dorsal length I­L­5/central height 3.3 (2.9), S­1 length 105.8 (100.0), ratio length S­1/ width 9.2 (8.0), S­2 length 80.8 (77.0), ratio length S­2/ width 4.67 (5.0), distance of sword setae at I­L­5 36.5 (31.0); length ratio S­1/2 1.2 (1.3); I­L­6 length 152.3 (146.1), I­L­6 central height 17.3 (17.3), ratio length I­ L­6/central height 8.8 (8.4); length ratio I­L­5/6 1.35 (1.28).</p> <p> <i>Male</i>: unknown.</p> <p> <i>Discussion</i>: In the combination of a striated integument, unsclerotized excretory pore, unfused Vgl­1/2, relatively small acetabula in a curved line and similar morphology of I­ L­5/6, <i>A. iranicus</i> sp. nov. is similar to <i>Atractides distans</i> (K. Viets, 1914), and <i>A. inflatipes</i> Lundblad, 1956. <i>Atractides distans</i> (K. Viets, 1914) (measurements are given in parentheses [from Gerecke (in press.)]) is similar to <i>A. inflatipes</i> and <i>A.</i> iranicus sp. nov., in a rather low I­L­5 L/HB ratio (3.14), but differs in a lower L ratio I­L­5/6 (1.03), and by far more slender S­1 (L/ W 16.1, with distally enlarged and truncate tip) and S­2 (L/ W 9.9). As compared with <i>A. inflatipes</i> (see: Pesic, 2001), <i>A.iranicus</i> n. sp. is characterized by the following features: More stout I­L­6, L/HB<9.0 (L/HB>9.0 in <i>A. inflatipes</i>), less distanced setae S­1­2>37.0 (39.0­49.0 in <i>A. inflatipes</i>), more shorter S­1, L<110.0, L ratio S­1/2 is 1.2­1.3 (L S­1>110.0, L ratio S­1/2 1.4­1.5 in <i>A. inflatipes</i>). The most important difference between <i>A. inflatipes</i> and <i>A. iranicus</i> sp. nov., is present in the P­4: In <i>A.iranicus</i> sp. nov., the ventral margin of P­4 is divided by hair insertions in sectors 1:1:2 (in <i>A. inflatipes</i>, the ventral margin of P­4 is divided by hair insertions in sectors 1:1:1), additionally the sword seta is arranged distally from the distoventral hair, while it is closely approached to the disto­ventral hair in <i>A. inflatipes</i> (Pesic, 2001).</p> <p> <i>Etymology</i>: The species in named for its occurrence in Iran.</p> <p> <i>Habitat</i>: Rhithral.</p> <p> <i>Distribution</i>: <b>Iran</b>, only known from the <i>locus typicus</i> in the Kerman area.</p>Published as part of <i>Pesic, Vladimir M. & Asadi, Mahdieh, 2002, Two new water mite species from Iran of the water mite families Torrenticolidae and Hygrobatidae (Acari: Hydrachnidia), pp. 1-7 in Zootaxa 127</i> on pages 4-6, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/156109">10.5281/zenodo.156109</a&gt

Simulating rewetting events in intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams: A global analysis of leached nutrients and organic matter

Climate change and human pressures are changing the global distribution and the ex‐ tent of intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams (IRES), which comprise half of the global river network area. IRES are characterized by periods of flow cessation, during which channel substrates accumulate and undergo physico‐chemical changes (precon‐ ditioning), and periods of flow resumption, when these substrates are rewetted and release pulses of dissolved nutrients and organic matter (OM). However, there are no estimates of the amounts and quality of leached substances, nor is there information on the underlying environmental constraints operating at the global scale. We experi‐ mentally simulated, under standard laboratory conditions, rewetting of leaves, river‐ bed sediments, and epilithic biofilms collected during the dry phase across 205 IRES from five major climate zones. We determined the amounts and qualitative character‐ istics of the leached nutrients and OM, and estimated their areal fluxes from riverbeds. In addition, we evaluated the variance in leachate characteristics in relation to selected environmental variables and substrate characteristics. We found that sediments, due to their large quantities within riverbeds, contribute most to the overall flux of dis‐ solved substances during rewetting events (56%–98%), and that flux rates distinctly differ among climate zones. Dissolved organic carbon, phenolics, and nitrate contrib‐ uted most to the areal fluxes. The largest amounts of leached substances were found in the continental climate zone, coinciding with the lowest potential bioavailability of the leached OM. The opposite pattern was found in the arid zone. Environmental vari‐ ables expected to be modified under climate change (i.e. potential evapotranspiration, aridity, dry period duration, land use) were correlated with the amount of leached sub‐ stances, with the strongest relationship found for sediments. These results show that the role of IRES should be accounted for in global biogeochemical cycles, especially because prevalence of IRES will increase due to increasing severity of drying event