Mejoramiento participativo: herramienta para la conservación de cultivos subutilizados y olvidados

A pesar de un número significativo de especies vegetales ser reconocidas como alimenticias, solo una pequeña fracción cumple con la demanda proteica de la población mundial. Los cultivos mejorados, con una base genética muy limitada, muy posiblemente no podrán contrarrestar los efectos adversos del cambio climático. Por lo contrario, los cultivos considerados subutilizados, infrautilizados, olvidados, huérfanos, obsoletos o menores,pueden contener en sus genomas las respuestas para garantizar la seguridad y la soberanía alimentaria y nutricional de las poblaciones. Esas variedades locales, debidamente adaptadas a condiciones agroclimáticas extremas, como las de maíz criollo e indígena colombiano, hacen parte del patrimonio cultural de muchosgrupos étnicos o pueblos originarios, que las seleccionan, las utilizan y las conservan. Además de estos, otro concepto se refiere a los recursos promisorios, igualmente poco utilizados, aunque por razones diferentes. Así, el Mejoramiento Participativo (MP) es una herramienta para promocionar variedades locales o cultivostradicionales subutilizados, para atender las necesidades de las comunidades. En el Fitomejoramiento Participativo, los miembros de la cadena de valores o productiva (agricultores, fitomejoradores, técnicos y otros) trabajan juntos en el proceso de desarrollo de las variedades, en un proceso descentralizado y participativo.Un programa de MP con germoplasma de maíz colombiano resultó en la promoción de algunas variedades locales. Paralelamente se describieron nuevas razas de maíz para Colombia

Plan tecnológico Centro de Biotecnología Industrial 2030 : “Innovación y tecnología para el desarrollo regional”

Se presenta el plan tecnológico del Centro de Biotecnología Industrial del SENA con visión a 2030 el cual se concibe cómo un instrumento que permite: la mejora del desempeño, identificar y optar por tecnologías teniendo en cuenta las necesidades futuras de las empresas regionales, nacionales y sus tendencias mundiales, con el fin de aportar a la competitividad y productividad del país.The technological plan of the SENA Industrial Biotechnology Center with a vision of 2030 is presented, which is conceived as an instrument that allows: performance improvement, identifying and choosing technologies taking into account the future needs of regional and national companies and their world trends, in order to contribute to the competitiveness and productivity of the country.Fase I. Análisis y diagnóstico estratégico -- Seguimiento al plan tecnológico inmediatamente anterior -- Análisis externo del centro de formación -- Análisis interno del centro de formación -- Cruce DOFA -- Vigilancia científico-tecnológica -- Vigilancia competitiva -- Fase II. Formulación estratégica -- Mapa de trayectoria tecnológica -- Validación con expertos – Construcción de escenarios -- Formulación estratégica -- Fase III. Recomendaciones estratégicas.na261 página

Evolving trends in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 waves. The ACIE appy II study

Background: In 2020, ACIE Appy study showed that COVID-19 pandemic heavily affected the management of patients with acute appendicitis (AA) worldwide, with an increased rate of non-operative management (NOM) strategies and a trend toward open surgery due to concern of virus transmission by laparoscopy and controversial recommendations on this issue. The aim of this study was to survey again the same group of surgeons to assess if any difference in management attitudes of AA had occurred in the later stages of the outbreak. Methods: From August 15 to September 30, 2021, an online questionnaire was sent to all 709 participants of the ACIE Appy study. The questionnaire included questions on personal protective equipment (PPE), local policies and screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection, NOM, surgical approach and disease presentations in 2021. The results were compared with the results from the previous study. Results: A total of 476 answers were collected (response rate 67.1%). Screening policies were significatively improved with most patients screened regardless of symptoms (89.5% vs. 37.4%) with PCR and antigenic test as the preferred test (74.1% vs. 26.3%). More patients tested positive before surgery and commercial systems were the preferred ones to filter smoke plumes during laparoscopy. Laparoscopic appendicectomy was the first option in the treatment of AA, with a declined use of NOM. Conclusion: Management of AA has improved in the last waves of pandemic. Increased evidence regarding SARS-COV-2 infection along with a timely healthcare systems response has been translated into tailored attitudes and a better care for patients with AA worldwide

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Variables morfometricas y análisis molecular para la identificación de razas colombianas de maíz (Zea mays L.)

Colombia es un país mega diverso, esta diversidad también se extiende a plantas cultivadas, en el caso de maíz (Zea mays L.) desde la década de 1950 están reportadas 23 razas de maíz asociadas a comunidades campesinas é indígena, en la actualidad la Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Palmira mediante el grupo de investigación GIRFIN y el ICA estudian la diversidad genética presente en este cultivo con el fin de conocer cuál es el estado actual de estas razas de maíz, para lo cual se realizó una serie de colectas, las cuales permitieron la caracterización de 277 accesiones esta se realizó a nivel morfológico utilizando los descriptores de Wellhausen, CIMMYT y IBPGR , los datos obtenidos permitieron realizar un estudio morfometrico en el cual se determinaron los componentes principales limitando de 65 a 15 variales evaluadas como las más relevantes para la identificación de razas de maíz, además se presentan los datos obtenidos en la caracterización a nivel molecular en el cual se presentan diferencia genéticas marcadas para cada una de las razas.//Abstract: Colombia is a mega diverse country, this diversity also extends to cultivated plants. In the case of maize (Zea mays L.) since the 1950s, 23 maize races associated with peasant and indigenous communities have been reported. National of Palmira Headquarters through the research group GIRFIN and the ICA study the genetic diversity present in this crop in order to know what the current state of these maize breeds, for which a series of collections were made, which allowed The characterization of 277 accetions was performed at the morphological level using the Wellhausen, CIMMYT and IBPGR descriptors, the data obtained allowed to perform a morphometric study in which the main components were determined limiting from 65 to 15 varials evaluated as the most relevant for the Identification of races of maize, besides the data obtained in the characterization at the molecular level in the Which show marked genetic difference between each of the races.Maestrí

Valoración de plantas curativas comercializadas en los mercados locales de los municipios de El Cerrito y Palmira, Valle del Cauca, Colombia

Muchas especies vegetales, además del uso alimenticio, poseen utilidades medicinales, aromáticas, ornamentales, condimentarias y mágicas. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo inventariar y valorar la flora medicinal comercializada en los mercados de los municipios de Palmira y El Cerrito (Valle del Cauca, Colombia) y así conocer sus usos en estas comunidades. Metodológicamente, se hizo el registro de 180 morfo-especies, de las cuales se identificaron 109 hasta la categoría de especie, distribuidas en 45 familias taxonómicas. Se encontró que en ambas localidades la parte más empleada de la planta son las hojas (45 y 47%, respectivamente) y el tallo (19 y 24%, respectivamente). El uso principal de estas plantas es medicinal (>45%) y mágico (>10%). Éstas son utilizadas principalmente mediante infusión (49 y 53%, respectivamente). La presentación física más habitual es en fresco, 30% para Palmira, y para El Cerrito, 70%. A pesar de la cercanía geográfica, las plantas que llegan a los mercados de las localidades difieren en estatus (local o introducida, silvestre o cultivada) y en atributos como el sabor y el efecto. Las especies usadas para El Cerrito son principalmente locales (70%). Se estableció el inventario de las plantas medicinales, aromáticas y condimentarias (PMACs) comercializadas en la región y se determinaron sus relaciones entre localidades, el valor de uso, el beneficio y el potencial en estas comunidades. Se concluye que la cultura local (saber ancestral) y la diferencia intergeneracional sobre algunas variables son determinantes para el uso, el manejo y la conservación de las especies útiles

Participatory breeding: tool for conservation of neglected and underutilized crops

Although a significant number of plant species to be recognized as food, only a small fraction meets the protein demand of the world population. Breeding crops, with a very narrow genetic base, most likely will not counteract the adverse effects of climate change. On the contrary, the crops named as underutilized, neglected, orphaned, obsolete or minor, may contain the answers in their genomes to ensure safety and nutrition and food sovereignty of populations. Duly adapted to extreme growing conditions, these local varieties, such as indigenous and landraces of Colombian maize, are part of the cultural heritage of many ethnic groups or original peoples, that select, use and conserve these varieties. Besides these, another concept refers to the promising resources, also little used, although for different reasons. Therefore, Participatory Plant Breeding is a tool to promote traditional local varieties or underutilized crops, to meet the needs of communities. In the PPB, members of the production chain (farmers, breeders, technicians and others) work together in the process of development of varieties, in a decentralized and participatory process. A PB program with Colombian maize germplasm resulted in the promotion of some local varieties. Alongside, new maize landraces to Colombia were described

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in children : an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study

Introduction Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). However, there is a lack of data available about SSI in children worldwide, especially from low-income and middle-income countries. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of SSI in children and associations between SSI and morbidity across human development settings. Methods A multicentre, international, prospective, validated cohort study of children aged under 16 years undergoing clean-contaminated, contaminated or dirty gastrointestinal surgery. Any hospital in the world providing paediatric surgery was eligible to contribute data between January and July 2016. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI by 30 days. Relationships between explanatory variables and SSI were examined using multilevel logistic regression. Countries were stratified into high development, middle development and low development groups using the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Results Of 1159 children across 181 hospitals in 51 countries, 523 (45 center dot 1%) children were from high HDI, 397 (34 center dot 2%) from middle HDI and 239 (20 center dot 6%) from low HDI countries. The 30-day SSI rate was 6.3% (33/523) in high HDI, 12 center dot 8% (51/397) in middle HDI and 24 center dot 7% (59/239) in low HDI countries. SSI was associated with higher incidence of 30-day mortality, intervention, organ-space infection and other HAIs, with the highest rates seen in low HDI countries. Median length of stay in patients who had an SSI was longer (7.0 days), compared with 3.0 days in patients who did not have an SSI. Use of laparoscopy was associated with significantly lower SSI rates, even after accounting for HDI. Conclusion The odds of SSI in children is nearly four times greater in low HDI compared with high HDI countries. Policies to reduce SSI should be prioritised as part of the wider global agenda.Peer reviewe

Evolving trends in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 waves. The ACIE appy II study (vol 46, pg 2021, 2022)

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