Transformaciones en la construcción de la identidad de las deportistas españolas : entrenamiento, alimentación y corporalidad

El propósito de este artículo es aportar una aproximación comprensiva acerca de las prácticas deportivas, alimentarias y corporales en el deporte femenino en España desde los años cuarenta hasta principios del siglo xxi. El objetivo principal consiste en mostrar de qué modo se ha desarrollado la interrelación entre estas prácticas, así como examinar el proceso sociohistórico de la construcción de los cuerpos de las mujeres deportistas. La metodología utilizada es cualitativa, en particular la entrevista en profundidad semiestructurada de final abierto. La muestra está basada en dos criterios: 1) criterio cronológico, mediante el cual se diferencian cuatro periodos de práctica deportiva competitiva, y 2) criterio de actividad deportiva competitiva, escogiendo a mujeres que han competido a nivel nacional y/o internacional. Los principales resultados evidencian el desarrollo de una interrelación entre los fenómenos del deporte, la alimentación y el cuerpo, de modo que los dos primeros se convierten en modos de construcción del cuerpo en función del rendimiento deportivo.This study analyzes sport, food and body practices among elite female athletes in Spain from the 1940s to the early 2000s. The main aim is, firstly, to show how the interrelation of these practices has developed and, secondly, to examine the socio-historic process of female athletes' body constructions. A qualitative methodology consisting of semi-structured, open-ended interviews was used. The sample was designed taking into account two features of the respondents: 1) a chronological feature in which the sample was divided into four competitive sport periods and 2) a competitive sport feature in which female athletes who have participated in national or international sports competitions were interviewed. The main results reveal the interrelationship between sport, food and body practices. The results also indicate that sport and food practices have become main drivers of the construction of the body aimed towards higher performance in sports.El propòsit d'aquest article és aportar una aproximació comprensiva sobre les pràctiques esportives, alimentàries i corporals en l'esport femení a Espanya des dels anys quaranta fins a principis del segle XXI. L'objectiu principal consisteix a mostrar de quina manera s'ha desenvolupat la interrelació entre aquestes pràctiques, com també a examinar el procés sociohistòric de la construcció dels cossos de les dones esportistes. La metodologia utilitzada és qualitativa, en particular l'entrevista en profunditat semiestructurada de final obert. La mostra es basa en dos criteris: 1) criteri cronològic, mitjançant el qual es diferencien quatre períodes de pràctica esportiva competitiva, i 2) criteri d'activitat esportiva competitiva, escollint dones que han competit en l'àmbit nacional o internacional. Els principals resultats evidencien el desenvolupament d'una interrelació entre els fenòmens de l'esport, l'alimentació i el cos, de manera que els dos primers esdevenen maneres de construcció del cos en funció del rendiment esportiu

Sports, morality and body: the voices of sportswomen under Franco's dictatorship

The aim of this research is to study sportswomen’s perceptions and experiences of women’s sport in Francoist Spain (1939–1975). The main objective is to analyse the social, moral and aesthetic elements that are present in the experience of these athletes. This study was carried out with an intentional sample of 24 women from Andalusia, Aragon, Asturias, Basque Country, Catalonia and Valencia. They were interviewed by a network of researchers from six universities. Outstanding results show the existence of social limitations to start sports practice (particularly in the post-war period); the importance of sport as a character-building aspect; sport’s remarkable influence on their body self-concept; and the incidence on sports of the mainstream moral discourse, which created a female model that even affected sports clothing. The main conclusion is that sportswomen in that period were pioneers and had to fight against most of society in order to develop their facet as athletes, as they would not follow the established model

Women and sport during francoism (1939-1975). Pilot study on oral memory of sports women

Esta investigación se centra en las mujeres deportistas del período de la dictadura franquista (1939-1975) y sus percepciones acerca de las circunstancias que rodearon a la práctica del deporte femenino en esa etapa. El objetivo principal es analizar y comparar los elementos sociales, morales, culturales, estéticos y alimentarios que intervinieron en la experiencia de las mujeres deportistas durante el franquismo, con el fin de potenciar el conocimiento sobre la situación de invisibilidad de la mujer durante este periodo y colaborar en la recuperación de la memoria colectiva de las mujeres deportistas. El estudio se ha efectuado a través de una muestra intencional de 24 mujeres de Andalucía, Aragón, Asturias, Catalunya, País Vasco y Valencia que han sido entrevistadas por equipos de investigación territoriales de 6 universidades diferentes. El análisis realizado de los relatos de las mujeres han dado como resultado líneas de interpretación significativas relativas a las limitaciones de inicio de la práctica en la posguerra, la incidencia del discurso moral y religioso dominante, los estereotipos de género, la influencia del contexto socio-deportivo en la percepción sobre las organizaciones deportivas del régimen franquista, la imagen corporal, la invisibilidad de la mujer en los medios y la escasez alimentariThis research focuses on female athletes during the Franco dictatorship (1939-1975) and their perceptions about the circumstances surrounding the female sport at that period. The main objective is to analyze and compare the social, moral, cultural, aesthetic and food involved in the experience of women athletes during the Franco regime, in order to enhance knowledge about the invisibility of women during this period and assist in the recovery of memory of women athletes. The study was carried out through a sample of 24 women of Andalusia, Aragon, Asturias, Catalonia, Basque Country and Valencia who have been interviewed by regional research teams from 6 different universities. The analysis of the stories of women have resulted in significant lines of interpretation of limitations start of practice in the postwar period, the incidence of moral and religious discourse dominant, gender stereotypes, the influence of socio-sports context in the perception of the Franco sports organizations, body image, the invisibility of women in the media and food shortage

Mujeres y deporte durante el franquismo (1939-1975). Estudio piloto sobre la memoria oral de las deportistas = Women and sport during francoism (1939-1975). Pilot study on oral memory of sportswomen

Esta investigación se centra en las mujeres deportistas del período de la dictadura franquista (1939-1975) y sus percepciones acerca de las circunstancias que rodearon a la práctica del deporte femenino en esa etapa. El objetivo principal es analizar y comparar los elementos sociales, morales, culturales, estéticos y alimentarios que intervinieron en la experiencia de las mujeres deportistas durante el franquismo, con el fin de potenciar el conocimiento sobre la situación de invisibilidad de la mujer durante este periodo y colaborar en la recuperación de la memoria colectiva de las mujeres deportistas.El estudio se ha efectuado a través de una muestra intencional de 24 mujeres de Andalucía, Aragón, Asturias, Catalunya, País Vasco y Valencia que han sido entrevistadas por equipos de investigación territoriales de 6 universidades diferentes. El análisis realizado de los relatos de las mujeres han dado como resultado líneas de interpretación significativas relativas a las limitaciones de inicio de la práctica en la posguerra, la incidencia del discurso moral y religioso dominante, los estereotipos de género, la influencia del contexto socio-deportivo en la percepción sobre las organizaciones deportivas del régimen franquista, la imagen corporal, la invisibilidad de la mujer en los medios y la escasez alimentaria.----------------------------------------------------------------------------This research focuses on female athletes during the Franco dictatorship (1939-1975) and their perceptions about the circumstances surrounding the female sport at that period. The main objective is to analyze and compare the social, moral, cultural, aesthetic and food involved in the experience of women athletes during the Franco regime, in order to enhance knowledge about the invisibility of women during this period and assist in the recovery of memory of women athletes.The study was carried out through a sample of 24 women of Andalusia, Aragon, Asturias, Catalonia, Basque Country and Valencia who have been interviewed by regional research teams from 6 different universities. The analysis of the stories of women have resulted in significant lines of interpretation of limitations start of practice in the postwar period, the incidence of moral and religious discourse dominant, gender stereotypes, the influence of socio-sports context in the perception of the Franco sports organizations, body image, the invisibility of women in the media and food shortages.Artículo revisado por pare

Hyperspectral image processing for the identification and quantification of lentiviral particles in fluid samples

Optical spectroscopic techniques have been commonly used to detect the presence of biofilm-forming pathogens (bacteria and fungi) in the agro-food industry. Recently, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy revealed that it is also possible to detect the presence of viruses in animal and vegetal tissues. Here we report a platform based on visible and NIR (VNIR) hyperspectral imaging for non-contact, reagent free detection and quantification of laboratory-engineered viral particles in fluid samples (liquid droplets and dry residue) using both partial least square-discriminant analysis and artificial feed-forward neural networks. The detection was successfully achieved in preparations of phosphate buffered solution and artificial saliva, with an equivalent pixel volume of 4 nL and lowest concentration of 800 TU.mu L-1. This method constitutes an innovative approach that could be potentially used at point of care for rapid mass screening of viral infectious diseases and monitoring of the SARS-CoV- 2 pandemic.This research was funded by grants number COV20-00080 and COV20-00173 of the 2020 Emergency Call for Research Projects about the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the COVID-19 disease of the Institute of Health 'Carlos III', Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, and by grant number EQC2019-006240-P of the 2019 Call for Acquisition of Scientific Equipment, FEDER Program, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. This work has been supported by the European Commission through the JRC HUMAINT project. ABR was supported by grant number RTI2018-094465-J funded by the Spanish National Agency of Research. The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the members of the EOD-CBRN Group of the Spanish National Police, whose identities cannot be disclosed, and who are represented here by JMNG. Authors thank continuous support from their institutions

Polarimetric imaging for the detection of synthetic models of SARS-CoV-2: A proof of concept

Objective: To conduct a proof-of-concept study of the detection of two synthetic models of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) using polarimetric imaging. Approach: Two SARS-CoV-2 models were prepared as engineered lentiviruses pseudotyped with the G protein of the vesicular stomatitis virus, and with the characteristic Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Samples were prepared in two biofluids (saline solution and artificial saliva), in four concentrations, and deposited as 5-µL droplets on a supporting plate. The angles of maximal degree of linear polarization (DLP) of light diffusely scattered from dry residues were determined using Mueller polarimetry from87 samples at 405 nm and 514 nm. A polarimetric camera was used for imaging several samples under 380–420 nm illumination at angles similar to those of maximal DLP. Per-pixel image analysis included quantification and combination of polarization feature descriptors in 475 samples. Main results: The angles (from sample surface) of maximal DLP were 3° for 405 nm and 6° for 514 nm. Similar viral particles that differed only in the characteristic spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2, their corresponding negative controls, fluids, and the sample holder were discerned at 10-degree and 15-degree configurations. Significance: Polarimetric imaging in the visible spectrum may help improve fast, non-contact detection and identification of viral particles, and/or other microbes such as tuberculosis, in multiple dry fluid samples simultaneously, particularly when combined with other imaging modalities. Further analysis including realistic concentrations of real SARS-CoV-2 viral particles in relevant human fluids is required. Polarimetric imaging under visible light may contribute to a fast, cost-effective screening of SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens when combined with other imaging modalities.12 página

Guía docente común de las titulaciones de Ingeniero en Electrónica en las universidades andaluzas

El presente documento constituye el resultado del trabajo elaborado de acuerdo con la Convocatoria de Elaboración de Guías Docentes de Titulaciones Andaluzas conforme al Sistema de Créditos Europeos (años 2005/2006) de la Dirección General de Universidades, dependiente de la Secretaría General de Universidades, Investigación y Tecnología de la Consejería de Innovación, Ciencia y Empresa de la Junta de Andalucía

Effectiveness of an intervention for improving drug prescription in primary care patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy:Study protocol of a cluster randomized clinical trial (Multi-PAP project)

This study was funded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias ISCIII (Grant Numbers PI15/00276, PI15/00572, PI15/00996), REDISSEC (Project Numbers RD12/0001/0012, RD16/0001/0005), and the European Regional Development Fund ("A way to build Europe").Background: Multimorbidity is associated with negative effects both on people's health and on healthcare systems. A key problem linked to multimorbidity is polypharmacy, which in turn is associated with increased risk of partly preventable adverse effects, including mortality. The Ariadne principles describe a model of care based on a thorough assessment of diseases, treatments (and potential interactions), clinical status, context and preferences of patients with multimorbidity, with the aim of prioritizing and sharing realistic treatment goals that guide an individualized management. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a complex intervention that implements the Ariadne principles in a population of young-old patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. The intervention seeks to improve the appropriateness of prescribing in primary care (PC), as measured by the medication appropriateness index (MAI) score at 6 and 12months, as compared with usual care. Methods/Design: Design:pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial. Unit of randomization: family physician (FP). Unit of analysis: patient. Scope: PC health centres in three autonomous communities: Aragon, Madrid, and Andalusia (Spain). Population: patients aged 65-74years with multimorbidity (≥3 chronic diseases) and polypharmacy (≥5 drugs prescribed in ≥3months). Sample size: n=400 (200 per study arm). Intervention: complex intervention based on the implementation of the Ariadne principles with two components: (1) FP training and (2) FP-patient interview. Outcomes: MAI score, health services use, quality of life (Euroqol 5D-5L), pharmacotherapy and adherence to treatment (Morisky-Green, Haynes-Sackett), and clinical and socio-demographic variables. Statistical analysis: primary outcome is the difference in MAI score between T0 and T1 and corresponding 95% confidence interval. Adjustment for confounding factors will be performed by multilevel analysis. All analyses will be carried out in accordance with the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: It is essential to provide evidence concerning interventions on PC patients with polypharmacy and multimorbidity, conducted in the context of routine clinical practice, and involving young-old patients with significant potential for preventing negative health outcomes. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02866799Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Antimicrobial Defined Daily Dose in Neonatal Population: Validation in the Clinical Practice

Paediatric Antimicrobial Defined Daily Dose Study Group KiDDDs.Currently, there is no validated method for estimating antimicrobial consumption in the neonatal population, as it exists for adults using Defined Daily Doses (DDD). In neonatology, although there are different methods, each one with advantages and disadvantages, there is no unified criterion for use. The aim of this study is to validate the neonatal DDD designed as a new standardised form of antimicrobial consumption over this population.M.M.-T. received financial support from the Subprograma Río Hortega, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdirección General de Redes y Centros de Investigación Cooperativa, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Spain (CM21/00115). The project has been carried out without financial funding but is supported by the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy (SEFH), the Working Group on Pharmaceutical Care in Infectious Diseases of the SEFH (Afinf) and Spanish working group on paediatric pharmacy of the SEFH (gefp).Peer reviewe

Normothermic regional perfusion vs. super-rapid recovery in controlled donation after circulatory death liver transplantation

[Background & Aims] Although there is increasing interest in its use, definitive evidence demonstrating a benefit for postmortem normothermic regional perfusion (NRP) in controlled donation after circulatory death (cDCD) liver transplantation is lacking. The aim of this study was to compare results of cDCD liver transplants performed with postmortem NRP vs. super-rapid recovery (SRR), the current standard for cDCD.[Methods] This was an observational cohort study including all cDCD liver transplants performed in Spain between June 2012 and December 2016, with follow-up ending in December 2017. Each donor hospital determined whether organ recovery was performed using NRP or SRR. The propensity scores technique based on the inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to balance covariates across study groups; logistic and Cox regression models were used for binary and time-to-event outcomes.[Results] During the study period, there were 95 cDCD liver transplants performed with postmortem NRP and 117 with SRR. The median donor age was 56 years (interquartile range 45–65 years). After IPTW analysis, baseline covariates were balanced, with all absolute standardised differences <0.15. IPTW-adjusted risks were significantly improved among NRP livers for overall biliary complications (odds ratio 0.14; 95% CI 0.06–0.35, p <0.001), ischaemic type biliary lesions (odds ratio 0.11; 95% CI 0.02–0.57; p = 0.008), and graft loss (hazard ratio 0.39; 95% CI 0.20–0.78; p = 0.008).[Conclusions] The use of postmortem NRP in cDCD liver transplantation appears to reduce postoperative biliary complications, ischaemic type biliary lesions and graft loss, and allows for the transplantation of livers even from cDCD donors of advanced age.[Lay summary] This is a propensity-matched nationwide observational cohort study performed using livers recovered from donors undergoing cardiac arrest provoked by the intentional withdrawal of life support (controlled donation after circulatory death, cDCD). Approximately half of the livers were recovered after a period of postmortem in situ normothermic regional perfusion, which restored warm oxygenated blood to the abdominal organs, whereas the remainder were recovered after rapid preservation with a cold solution. The study results suggest that the use of postmortem normothermic regional perfusion helps reduce rates of post-transplant biliary complications and graft loss and allows for the successful transplantation of livers from older cDCD donors.Peer reviewe