17 research outputs found

    SynthÚse et caractérisation de nanoparticules métalliques hybrides à base de polyoxométallates : applications à l'électro-catalyse

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    Polyoxometalates (POMs) are known for their high diversification in terms of architectures and applications. POMs are used in this work for the synthesis of palladium nanoparticles since they act both as a reducer of metallic cation and as surfactant of nanoparticles.At first, we studied the electrochemical properties of several POMs belonging in the same family, then among this family, we chose to use two particular POMs to synthesize palladium nanoparticles. From an average size between 15 and 20 nm, these nanoparticles have been fully characterized and are stable over a month.Finally, various hybrid materials based on palladium and/or copper have been characterized by electrochemistry in solid state and their catalytic capacity towards the reduction of nitrate ions and dioxygene has been assessed.Les polyoxomĂ©tallates (POMs) sont aujourd'hui reconnus pour leurs diverses architectures et applications. Nous nous en sommes ici servis afin de synthĂ©tiser des nanoparticules de palladium puisque le POM va jouer Ă  la fois le rĂŽle de rĂ©ducteur du cation mĂ©tallique mais aussi de surfactant des nanoparticules.AprĂšs avoir fait, dans un premier temps, l'Ă©tude Ă©lectrochimique d'une sĂ©rie de POMs issus de la mĂȘme famille, deux d'entre-eux ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©s pour la synthĂšse de nanoparticules de palladium. D'une taille moyenne comprise entre 15 et 20 nm, ces nanoparticules ont Ă©tĂ© entiĂšrement caractĂ©risĂ©es et se sont avĂ©rĂ©es stables un intervalle de temps d'au moins un mois.Enfin, divers matĂ©riaux hybrides Ă  base de palladium et/ou de cuivre ont Ă©tĂ© caractĂ©risĂ©s par Ă©lectrochimie Ă  l'Ă©tat solide et leur pouvoir catalytique vis-Ă -vis de la rĂ©duction des ions nitrate et de l'oxygĂšne a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©

    Mutations in TUBG1, DYNC1H1, KIF5C and KIF2A cause malformations of cortical development and microcephaly.

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    International audienceThe genetic causes of malformations of cortical development (MCD) remain largely unknown. Here we report the discovery of multiple pathogenic missense mutations in TUBG1, DYNC1H1 and KIF2A, as well as a single germline mosaic mutation in KIF5C, in subjects with MCD. We found a frequent recurrence of mutations in DYNC1H1, implying that this gene is a major locus for unexplained MCD. We further show that the mutations in KIF5C, KIF2A and DYNC1H1 affect ATP hydrolysis, productive protein folding and microtubule binding, respectively. In addition, we show that suppression of mouse Tubg1 expression in vivo interferes with proper neuronal migration, whereas expression of altered Îł-tubulin proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae disrupts normal microtubule behavior. Our data reinforce the importance of centrosomal and microtubule-related proteins in cortical development and strongly suggest that microtubule-dependent mitotic and postmitotic processes are major contributors to the pathogenesis of MCD

    Fast and efficient QTL mapper for thousands of molecular phenotypes

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    In order to discover quantitative trait loci, multi-dimensional genomic datasets combining DNA-seq and ChiP-/RNA-seq require methods that rapidly correlate tens of thousands of molecular phenotypes with millions of genetic variants while appropriately controlling for multiple testing

    Trans-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of prostate cancer identifies new susceptibility loci and informs genetic risk prediction.

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    Prostate cancer is a highly heritable disease with large disparities in incidence rates across ancestry populations. We conducted a multiancestry meta-analysis of prostate cancer genome-wide association studies (107,247 cases and 127,006 controls) and identified 86 new genetic risk variants independently associated with prostate cancer risk, bringing the total to 269 known risk variants. The top genetic risk score (GRS) decile was associated with odds ratios that ranged from 5.06 (95% confidence interval (CI), 4.84-5.29) for men of European ancestry to 3.74 (95% CI, 3.36-4.17) for men of African ancestry. Men of African ancestry were estimated to have a mean GRS that was 2.18-times higher (95% CI, 2.14-2.22), and men of East Asian ancestry 0.73-times lower (95% CI, 0.71-0.76), than men of European ancestry. These findings support the role of germline variation contributing to population differences in prostate cancer risk, with the GRS offering an approach for personalized risk prediction

    Synthesis and characterization of hybdrid metallic nanoparticles based on polyoxometalates : application to electrocatalysis

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    Les polyoxomĂ©tallates (POMs) sont aujourd'hui reconnus pour leurs diverses architectures et applications. Nous nous en sommes ici servis afin de synthĂ©tiser des nanoparticules de palladium puisque le POM va jouer Ă  la fois le rĂŽle de rĂ©ducteur du cation mĂ©tallique mais aussi de surfactant des nanoparticules.AprĂšs avoir fait, dans un premier temps, l'Ă©tude Ă©lectrochimique d'une sĂ©rie de POMs issus de la mĂȘme famille, deux d'entre-eux ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©s pour la synthĂšse de nanoparticules de palladium. D'une taille moyenne comprise entre 15 et 20 nm, ces nanoparticules ont Ă©tĂ© entiĂšrement caractĂ©risĂ©es et se sont avĂ©rĂ©es stables un intervalle de temps d'au moins un mois.Enfin, divers matĂ©riaux hybrides Ă  base de palladium et/ou de cuivre ont Ă©tĂ© caractĂ©risĂ©s par Ă©lectrochimie Ă  l'Ă©tat solide et leur pouvoir catalytique vis-Ă -vis de la rĂ©duction des ions nitrate et de l'oxygĂšne a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©.Polyoxometalates (POMs) are known for their high diversification in terms of architectures and applications. POMs are used in this work for the synthesis of palladium nanoparticles since they act both as a reducer of metallic cation and as surfactant of nanoparticles.At first, we studied the electrochemical properties of several POMs belonging in the same family, then among this family, we chose to use two particular POMs to synthesize palladium nanoparticles. From an average size between 15 and 20 nm, these nanoparticles have been fully characterized and are stable over a month.Finally, various hybrid materials based on palladium and/or copper have been characterized by electrochemistry in solid state and their catalytic capacity towards the reduction of nitrate ions and dioxygene has been assessed

    P570 : Exploration moléculaire des gÚnes CYP24A1, SLC34A1 et SLC34A3 dans une cohorte de patients avechypersensibilité à la vitamine D

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    International audienceIntroduction : L’hypersensibilitĂ© Ă  la vitamine D correspond sur le plan biologique Ă  l’association d’une hypercalcĂ©mie transitoireavec PTH basse (adaptĂ©e), d’une hypercalciurie et d’une 1,25-(OH)2D (calcitriol) augmentĂ©e (inappropriĂ©e).En dehors des formes nĂ©onatales transitoires, des formes gĂ©nĂ©tiques rĂ©cessives autosomiques (MIM143880, 616963) ont Ă©tĂ©dĂ©crites, associĂ©es Ă  des mutation perte de fonction de CYP24A1 (20q13.2, MIM126065), le gĂšne codant l’enzyme vitamine D24-hydroxylase responsable du catabolisme de la vitamine D. Le dĂ©ficit enzymatique est responsable d’une accumulation devitamine D active, d’oĂč une dĂ©rĂ©gulation de l’absorption intestinale de calcium avec tendance Ă  l’hypercalcĂ©mie/hypercalciuriechronique. En cas de prise de vitamine D ou d’exposition solaire (favorisant la synthĂšse cutanĂ©e de vitamine D), unedĂ©compensation est possible sous la forme de complications aigĂŒes de l’hypercalcĂ©mie (dĂ©sydratation, difficultĂ©s alimentaires,troubles du rythme et de la conduction) ou chroniques de l’hypercalciurie (lithiase rĂ©nale, nĂ©phrocalcinose, insuffisance rĂ©nalechronique).Plus rĂ©cemment, un autre mĂ©canisme physiopathologique a Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ© chez des patients prĂ©sentant un phĂ©notype similaireassociĂ© Ă  des anomalies du phosphate (hypophosphatĂ©mie et hyperphosphaturie modĂ©rĂ©es transitoires). Il s’agit de mutationsperte de fonction dans les gĂšnes SLC34A1 (5q35.3, MIM182309) et SLC34A3 (9q34.3, MIM609826) codant les cotransporteurs sodium-phosphate NPT2a/NaPiIIa et NPT2c/NaPiIIc. Ces mutations ont prĂ©cĂ©demment Ă©tĂ© associĂ©es aurachitisme hypophosphatĂ©mique avec hypercalciurie (MIM612286, 241530).Elles sont responsables d’une fuite urinaire de phosphate, d’oĂč une diminution de la sĂ©crĂ©tion de FGF23, hormonehyperphosphaturiante inhibant la synthĂšse de calcitriol, et une dĂ©rĂ©gulation de la production de calcitriol.MatĂ©riel et mĂ©thode : Nous rapportons l’étude des rĂ©gions codantes et des jonctions introns-exons par sĂ©quençage haut-dĂ©bit(Ion Personal Genome Machine, Thermofisher Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts, États-Unis) des gĂšnes CYP24A1, SLC34A1et SLC34A3 dans une cohorte de 90 patients porteurs d’un phĂ©notype d’hypersensibilitĂ© Ă  la vitamine D.RĂ©sultats : Nous identifions 22 (24.4%) patients avec mutation biallĂ©lique de CYP24A1, 2 (2.2%) patients avec mutationbiallĂ©lique de SLC34A1 et 3 (3.3%) patients avec mutation biallĂ©lique de SLC34A3. Le phĂ©notype biologique est identique Ă l’exception de phosphatĂ©mies frĂ©quemment rapportĂ©es Ă  la limite infĂ©rieure de la normale.Conclusion : Nous confirmons l’implication des gĂšnes codant les transporteurs de phosphates NPT2a/NaPiIIa et NPT2c/NaPiIIcdans le phĂ©notype d’hypersensibilitĂ© Ă  la vitamine D, en moidre proportion que les mutation de CYP24A1. S’agissantessentiellement de mutations faux-sens, une Ă©tude attentive du phĂ©notype, et en particulier du bilan phosphocalcique sanguinet urinaire, est nĂ©cessaire pour l’interprĂ©tation des variants

    Frequency and predictors for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension after a first unprovoked pulmonary embolism: Results from PADIS studies

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    Evaluating approaches for constructing polygenic risk scores for prostate cancer in men of African and European ancestry

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    Genome-wide polygenic risk scores (GW-PRSs) have been reported to have better predictive ability than PRSs based on genome-wide significance thresholds across numerous traits. We compared the predictive ability of several GW-PRS approaches to a recently developed PRS of 269 established prostate cancer-risk variants from multi-ancestry GWASs and fine-mapping studies (PRS269). GW-PRS models were trained with a large and diverse prostate cancer GWAS of 107,247 cases and 127,006 controls that we previously used to develop the multi-ancestry PRS269. Resulting models were independently tested in 1,586 cases and 1,047 controls of African ancestry from the California Uganda Study and 8,046 cases and 191,825 controls of European ancestry from the UK Biobank and further validated in 13,643 cases and 210,214 controls of European ancestry and 6,353 cases and 53,362 controls of African ancestry from the Million Veteran Program. In the testing data, the best performing GW-PRS approach had AUCs of 0.656 (95% CI = 0.635–0.677) in African and 0.844 (95% CI = 0.840–0.848) in European ancestry men and corresponding prostate cancer ORs of 1.83 (95% CI = 1.67–2.00) and 2.19 (95% CI = 2.14–2.25), respectively, for each SD unit increase in the GW-PRS. Compared to the GW-PRS, in African and European ancestry men, the PRS269 had larger or similar AUCs (AUC = 0.679, 95% CI = 0.659–0.700 and AUC = 0.845, 95% CI = 0.841–0.849, respectively) and comparable prostate cancer ORs (OR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.87–2.26 and OR = 2.21, 95% CI = 2.16–2.26, respectively). Findings were similar in the validation studies. This investigation suggests that current GW-PRS approaches may not improve the ability to predict prostate cancer risk compared to the PRS269 developed from multi-ancestry GWASs and fine-mapping.</p
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