Capacity Estimation at Signalized Roundabouts

There has been an exponential increment in the number of inhabitants in our nation in most recent four decades. This increment in populace had driven expansion in activity interest and more number of mechanized vehicles, therefore prompting clog. The circuitous aides in diminishing the quantity of contention focuses at the crossing points. Signalized roundabouts invalidate the contention focuses, along these lines decreasing clog. This thusly expands the security of the travelers. The activity stream information was gathered from different urban communities of Chandigarh and Bilaspur and the information was separated from the two hour video that was recorded from these spots. The geometrical information that incorporates island measurement, section width, circling stream, path width, weaving length were gathered from the locales. This exploration paper aligns the Ackelik Model M1 to figure the limit of signalized roundabouts in view of Indian activity conditions.This paper gives an unmistakable understanding that simply adjusting the Ackelik Model does not fulfill the Indian movement condition. In this way, an additional parameter, speed, was added to fulfill the outcomes. At long last the aftereffects of Ackelik, Calibrated and the created model were looked at

Does transparency improve public program targeting? Evidence from India's old-age social pension reforms

Public program targeting is particularly challenging in developing countries. Transparency in eligibility rules for the implementation of social programs could be an effective measure to reduce mistargeting. While prior studies have examined the relevance of transparent delivery mechanisms, we focus on the transparency of eligibility criteria that can be reformed at relatively low cost. India’s social pension reforms in the late 2000s provide the opportunity to examine the effect of a change in these criteria. Using two rounds of the India Human Development Survey along with extensive administrative information, we test whether increasing the transparency of eligibility criteria reduces the mistargeting of social pensions. We thereby allow for an error band, and we carefully control for design effects due to a general increase in the number of pensions and eligible individuals. Our results confirm the relationship between transparency of eligibility criteria and targeting performance and are robust to different specifications of the transparency measure and the introduction of a tolerance band

Do more transparent eligibility rules improve public program targeting? : Evidence from India’s old-age social pension reform

Public program targeting is particularly challenging in developing countries. Transparency in eligibility rules for the implementation of social programs could be an effective measure to reduce mistargeting. While prior studies have examined the relevance of transparent delivery mechanisms, we focus on the clarity and verifiability of eligibility criteria. India's social pension reforms in the late 2000s provide the opportunity to examine the effect of a change in these criteria within and across states. Using two rounds of the India Human Development Survey along with extensive administrative information collected for the different states, we test whether increasing the transparency of eligibility criteria reduces the mistargeting of social pensions. We thereby allow for a tolerance band, and account for changes in social pension coverage. Our results confirm the expected relationship between the transparency of eligibility criteria and targeting performance and are robust to different specifications of the transparency measure and various robustness checks. Since eligibility criteria can be changed at low cost, this suggests a viable route for reform in many developing countries.publishe

The pursuit of simplicity: Can simplifying eligibility criteria improve social pension targeting?

Governments in developing countries struggle to reach intended beneficiaries when targeting social transfers towards vulnerable populations. Rates of eligible individuals not receiving social transfers and ineligible individuals receiving them tend to be high, constraining the effectiveness of such anti-poverty programs. While interventions to incentivize or monitor local agents in charge of selecting beneficiaries are typically expensive, an important complementary and cost-effective approach could be to reform eligibility criteria to facilitate the selection of beneficiaries. Whether reforms should focus on reducing the number of rules, or selecting criteria which are easy to verify, or do both remains an unanswered question. We address this knowledge gap based on India’s social pension scheme for elderly poor. We find that making eligibility criteria easier to verify has the potential to achieve a substantial improvement in the targeting performance through a reduction in the exclusion error. Those who meet the relevant criteria have a much higher chance of actually becoming beneficiaries. Since eligibility criteria can be changed at low cost, this suggests a viable route for reform in many developing countries. However, a major caveat remains that criteria must sufficiently well reflect actual poverty if the more accurate selection of beneficiaries according to formal criteria shall also translate into actual poverty reduction

The pursuit of simplicity : Can simplifying eligibility criteria improve social pension targeting?

Governments in developing countries struggle to reach intended beneficiaries when targeting social transfers towards vulnerable populations. Rates of eligible individuals not receiving social transfers and ineligible individuals receiving them tend to be high, constraining the effectiveness of such anti-poverty programs. While interventions to incentivize or monitor local agents in charge of selecting beneficiaries are typically expensive, an important complementary and cost-effective approach could be to reform eligibility criteria to facilitate the selection of beneficiaries. Whether reforms should focus on reducing the number of rules, or selecting criteria which are easy to verify, or do both remains an unanswered question. We address this knowledge gap based on India’s social pension scheme for elderly poor. We find that making eligibility criteria easier to verify has the potential to achieve a substantial improvement in the targeting performance through a reduction in the exclusion error. Those who meet the relevant criteria have a much higher chance of actually becoming beneficiaries. Since eligibility criteria can be changed at low cost, this suggests a viable route for reform in many developing countries. However, a major caveat remains that criteria must sufficiently well reflect actual poverty if the more accurate selection of beneficiaries according to formal criteria shall also translate into actual poverty reduction.publishe

Impact of Institutional Pressures and Dynamic Capabilities on Sustainability Performance of Oil and Gas Sector

Purpose – Globally, the oil and gas industries are under pressure from numerous stakeholders for their sustainable operations against the backdrop of climate change, ecological damage, and social challenges. Drawing on the twin theoretical frameworks of the institutional theory and dynamic capability perspective, this study examines the impact of the institutional pressures and dynamic capabilities on the overall sustainability performance of oil and gas industry. Design/methodology/approach – This study uses survey method to analyze the responses from 275 middle management professionals of oil and gas industry in India using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Further, focused group discussions with the select industry leaders validate the empirical findings of this study. Findings – The research reveals that both institutional pressures and firm’s dynamic capabilities have significant positive impact on its economic and environmental performance in oil and gas sector in India. However, they do not have any impact on social performance, unlike earlier findings. Research limitations/implications – The main limitation of the study is generalizability of the findings given the cross-sectional design of the study. Practical implications – Insights of this study will help regulators and policy makers in formulating effective regulatory and policy frameworks, besides creating awareness amongst the organizations to simultaneously focus on all the three aspects of sustainability performance. Originality/value – The research has bearing on policy formulation and creating a regulatory ecosystem to ensure overall sustainability performance of oil and gas industry in India

MimiLook: A Phylogenetic Workflow for Detection of Gene Acquisition in Major Orthologous Groups of Megavirales

International audienceWith the inclusion of new members, understanding about evolutionary mechanisms and processes by which members of the proposed order, Megavirales, have evolved has become a key area of interest. The central role of gene acquisition has been shown in previous studies. However, the major drawback in gene acquisition studies is the focus on few MV families or putative families with large variation in their genetic structure. Thus, here we have tried to develop a methodology by which we can detect horizontal gene transfers (HGTs), taking into consideration orthologous groups of distantly related Megavirale families. Here, we report an automated workflow MimiLook, prepared as a Perl command line program, that deduces orthologous groups (OGs) from ORFomes of Megavirales and constructs phylogenetic trees by performing alignment generation, alignment editing and protein-protein BLAST (BLASTP) searching across the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) non-redundant (nr) protein sequence database. Finally, this tool detects statistically validated events of gene acquisitions with the help of the T-REX algorithm by comparing individual gene tree with NCBI species tree. In between the steps, the workflow decides about handling paralogs, filtering outputs, identifying Megavirale specific OGs, detection of HGTs, along with retrieval of information about those OGs that are monophyletic with organisms from cellular domains of life. By implementing MimiLook, we noticed that nine percent of Megavirale gene families (i. e., OGs) have been acquired by HGT, 80% OGs were Megaviralespecific and eight percent were found to be sharing common ancestry with members of cellular domains (Eukaryote, Bacteria, Archaea, Phages or other viruses) and three percent were ambivalent. The results are briefly discussed to emphasize methodology. Also, MimiLook is relevant for detecting evolutionary scenarios in other targeted phyla with user defined modifications. It can be accessed at following link 10.6084/m9.figshare.465362