288 research outputs found
Phenology atlas use cases: a new map of plant phenology across North America and beyond
The goal of the phenology atlas workshop is to explore the development of a platform that would provide capabilities for analysing and visualising phenology data from multiple sources. The atlas would incorporate species-based, location-based and phenophase-based views. Here we provide an overview of potential phenology atlas use cases and present a conceptual framework that could be developed to construct generalizable models of plant phenology. Different species respond to different environmental cues; however, by co-opting statistical tools from the species distribution modelling (SDM) literature, it may be possible to construct flexible models that can be applied across species to capture timing of green up or first flower across North America (and beyond). This approach would allow us to generate a probability map of observing a particular species' phenological event in a particular location given climate and date.
As illustration, we present a simple model where phenology observations are a binary variable, and day of year and monthly climate data are predictors of observing the event. With such models, it could then be possible to tap into projected climate scenarios from General Circulation Models (GCMs), to construct future phenology scenarios. Linked with locality data, it might also be possible to make projections of when and which species will be flowering where (given a date in the future). This information might be interesting to researchers exploring novel species interactions and potential for phenological mismatches under future climate change
Reconstructing pectoral appendicular muscle anatomy in fossil fish and tetrapods over the fins-to-limbs transition
Tree thinking, time and topology: Comments on the interpretation of tree diagrams in evolutionary/phylogenetic systematics
Greater temperature sensitivity of plant phenology at colder sites: implications for convergence across northern latitudes
Warmer temperatures are accelerating the phenology of organisms around the world. Temperature sensitivity of phenology might be greater in colder, higher latitude sites than in warmer regions, in part because small changes in temperature constitute greater relative changes in thermal balance at colder sites. To test this hypothesis, we examined up to 20 years of phenology data for 47 tundra plant species at 18 high-latitude sites along a climatic gradient. Across all species, the timing of leaf emergence and flowering was more sensitive to a given increase in summer temperature at colder than warmer high-latitude locations. A similar pattern was seen over time for the flowering phenology of a widespread species, Cassiope tetragona. These are among the first results highlighting differential phenological responses of plants across a climatic gradient and suggest the possibility of convergence in flowering times and therefore an increase in gene flow across latitudes as the climate warms
Experimental warming differentially affects vegetative and reproductive phenology of tundra plants
Rapid climate warming is altering Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystem structure and function, including shifts in plant phenology. While the advancement of green up and flowering are well-documented, it remains unclear whether all phenophases, particularly those later in the season, will shift in unison or respond divergently to warming. Here, we present the largest synthesis to our knowledge of experimental warming effects on tundra plant phenology from the International Tundra Experiment. We examine the effect of warming on a suite of season-wide plant phenophases. Results challenge the expectation that all phenophases will advance in unison to warming. Instead, we find that experimental warming caused: (1) larger phenological shifts in reproductive versus vegetative phenophases and (2) advanced reproductive phenophases and green up but delayed leaf senescence which translated to a lengthening of the growing season by approximately 3%. Patterns were consistent across sites, plant species and over time. The advancement of reproductive seasons and lengthening of growing seasons may have significant consequences for trophic interactions and ecosystem function across the tundra
Experimental warming differentially affects vegetative and reproductive phenology of tundra plants
Rapid climate warming is altering Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystem structure and function, including shifts in plant phenology. While the advancement of green up and flowering are well-documented, it remains unclear whether all phenophases, particularly those later in the season, will shift in unison or respond divergently to warming. Here, we present the largest synthesis to our knowledge of experimental warming effects on tundra plant phenology from the International Tundra Experiment. We examine the effect of warming on a suite of season-wide plant phenophases. Results challenge the expectation that all phenophases will advance in unison to warming. Instead, we find that experimental warming caused: (1) larger phenological shifts in reproductive versus vegetative phenophases and (2) advanced reproductive phenophases and green up but delayed leaf senescence which translated to a lengthening of the growing season by approximately 3%. Patterns were consistent across sites, plant species and over time. The advancement of reproductive seasons and lengthening of growing seasons may have significant consequences for trophic interactions and ecosystem function across the tundra.publishedVersio
The tundra phenology database: more than two decades of tundra phenology responses to climate change
Observations of changes in phenology have provided some of the strongest
signals of the effects of climate change on terrestrial ecosystems. The International
Tundra Experiment (ITEX), initiated in the early 1990s, established a common protocol to
measure plant phenology in tundra study areas across the globe. Today, this valuable collection
of phenology measurements depicts the responses of plants at the colder extremes of
our planet to experimental and ambient changes in temperature over the past decades.
The database contains 150 434 phenology observations of 278 plant species taken at 28 study
areas for periods of 1\u201326 years. Here we describe the full data set to increase the
visibility and use of these data in global analyses and to invite phenology data contributions
from underrepresented tundra locations. Portions of this tundra phenology database have
been used in three recent syntheses, some data sets are expanded, others are from entirely
new study areas, and the entirety of these data are now available at the Polar Data Catalogue
(https://doi.org/10.21963/13215)
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