Propuesta de un nuevo procedimiento basado en la norma ISO 9001 para la gestión conjunta de la norma ISO 31000, la filosofía Kaizen y la herramienta Lean Manufacturing en pymes industriales de la Comunidad Valenciana.

[ES] Debido a la globalización y al mercado competitivo actual, a la gran variedad de productos y servicios, a los clientes cada vez más exigentes y que demandan productos de alta calidad al mejor precio y a que la tecnología está continuamente mejorando; la mayoría de las pymes industriales decidieron implementar en sus instalaciones normas y sistemas de gestión con la intención de perfeccionar sus procesos y mejorar su nivel de competitividad y así asegurar su permanencia en su sector del mercado. Esto llevó a que una gran cantidad de empresas implementaran sistemas de gestión en sus instalaciones. Lo que a su vez provocó la necesidad y urgencia de crear nuevos sistemas de gestión relacionados con diferentes aspectos que pudieran afectar al desempeño organizacional y, por tanto, a la competitividad de la empresa. Todo esto se traduce en una gran cantidad de empresas que poseen en sus instalaciones varios sistemas de gestión independientes, con los que gestionar aspectos tan diversos como la calidad, el medio ambiente o la salud y la seguridad de sus trabajadores. Sin embargo, existe la posibilidad de administrar varios sistemas de gestión como si fueran uno solo, mediante los sistemas integrados de gestión. Con estos, las empresas pueden ayudarse de las sinergias que presentan en común para obtener una gestión más eficiente y sencilla que si se administraran por separado cada sistema de gestión. No obstante, al llevar a cabo una revisión literaria completa, se apreció que ningún sistema integrado de gestión está relacionado conjuntamente con los aspectos de calidad, mejora continua, riesgos y que ayude a eliminar aquellas actividades que no aportan valor añadido a la empresa. Es por este motivo por lo que el principal objetivo de la presente Tesis Doctoral es crear una metodología que integre las normas ISO 9001:2015 e ISO 31000:2009, Kaizen y Lean Manufacturing. Con esta metodología se intenta ofrecer ayuda a las empresas para mejorar la calidad de sus productos, afrontar los riesgos que pueden encontrarse diariamente y, al mismo tiempo, mejorar continuamente y prescindir de aquellas herramientas y actividades que no generan valor para la empresa. Para poder desarrollar dicha metodología de integración, una vez terminada la revisión literaria, se realizó un análisis empírico univariante y bivariante en el que se empleó una muestra de treinta pymes de la Comunidad Valenciana y una muestra de nueve empresas españolas ubicadas en la República Checa con dos o más sistemas de gestión implementados. De este estudio se concluye que la mayoría de las pymes examinadas han integrado sus sistemas de gestión examinando los elementos comunes de los sistemas de gestión que querían integrar y mediante su propio mapa de procesos. Esta integración tardó entre uno y dos años y en el que afrontaron barreras como "Falta de recursos humanos", "Falta de colaboración entre los departamentos" y "Empleados poco motivados". Gracias al sistema integrado de gestión, las empresas consiguieron mejorar su imagen externa, perfeccionar la calidad de sus productos y aumentar su ventaja competitiva en el mercado y su eficiencia organizacional. También se observó que la totalidad de las pymes valencianas de la muestra, antes de empezar con el proceso de integración y en un plan de integración, determinaron "los Objetivos de calidad y la planificación para lograrlos", la "Gestión de la Infraestructura" y el "Control de las no-conformidades". Mientras que las pymes españolas ubicadas en la República Checa crearon un plan de integración en el que determinaron el "Control de las no conformidades", la "Información documentada (documentación, registro)", los "Roles, responsabilidades, autoridades" de cada trabajador, la "Revisión del sistema" y las "Acciones preventivas y correctivas".[CAT] A causa de la globalització i al mercat competitiu actual, a la gran varietat de productes i serveis, als clients cada vegada més exigents i que demanen productes d'alta qualitat al millor preu i a que la tecnologia està contínuament millorant; la majoria de les pimes industrials van decidir implementar en les seves instal·lacions normes i sistemes de gestió amb la intenció de perfeccionar els seus processos i millorar el seu nivell de competitivitat, per així assegurar la seva permanència en el seu sector del mercat. Això va fer que una gran quantitat d'empreses implementaren sistemes de gestió en les seves instal·lacions. El que al seu torn va provocar la necessitat i urgència de crear nous sistemes de gestió relacionats amb diferents aspectes que poguessen afectar a l'acompliment organitzacional i, per tant, a la competitivitat de l'empresa. Tot això es tradueix en una gran quantitat d'empreses que posseeixen diversos sistemes de gestió independents, amb els quals gestionar aspectes tan diversos com la qualitat, el medi ambient o la salut i la seguretat dels seus treballadors. No obstant això, hi ha la possibilitat d'administrar diversos sistemes de gestió com si foren un, mitjançant els sistemes integrats de gestió. Amb aquests, les empreses poden ajudar-se de les sinergies que presenten en comú per obtenir una gestió més eficient i senzilla que si s'administraren per separat cada sistema de gestió. No obstant això, en dur a terme una revisió literària completa, es va apreciar que cap sistema integrat de gestió està relacionat conjuntament amb els aspectes de qualitat, millora contínua, riscos i que ajude a eliminar aquelles activitats que no aporten valor afegit a l'empresa. És per aquest motiu pel que el principal objectiu de la present Tesi Doctoral és crear una metodologia que integre les normes ISO 9001: 2015 i ISO 31000: 2009, la filosofia Kaizen i l'eina Lean Manufacturing. Amb aquesta metodologia es pretén ajudar a les empreses a millorar la qualitat dels seus productes, afrontar els riscos que poden trobar-se diàriament i, a la vegada, millorar contínuament i prescindir d'aquelles eines i activitats que no generen valor per a l'empresa. Per poder desenvolupar aquesta metodologia d'integració, una vegada acabada la revisió literària, s'ha realitzat una anàlisi empírica univariant i bivariant en la que s'utilitza una mostra de trenta pimes de la Comunitat Valenciana i una mostra de nou pimes espanyoles situades a la República Txeca amb dos o més sistemes de gestió implementats. D'aquests anàlisis es conclou que la majoria de les pimes estudiades han integrat els seus sistemes de gestió analitzant els elements comuns dels sistemes de gestió que volien integrar i mitjançant el seu propi mapa de processos. Aquest procés d'integració va durar entre un i dos anys i en el que van afrontar barreres com "Falta de recursos humans", "Falta de col·laboració entre els departaments" i "Empleats poc motivats". Però gràcies al sistema integrat de gestió, les empreses van aconseguir millorar la seua imatge externa, perfeccionar la qualitat dels seus productes i augmentar el seu avantatge competitiu en el mercat i la seua eficiència organitzacional. També s'ha observat que, abans de començar amb el procés d'integració i en un pla d'integració, la majoria de les pimes valencianes de la mostra van determinar "els objectius de qualitat i la planificació per a aconseguir-los", la "Gestió de la Infraestructura" i el "Control de les no-conformitats". Mentre que les pimes espanyoles situades a la República Txeca van crear un pla d'integració en el que van determinar el "Control de les no conformitats", la "Informació documentada (documentació, registre)", els "Rols, responsabilitats, autoritats" de cada treballador, la "Revisió del sistema" i les "Accions preventives i correctives".[EN] Due to globalisation and the current competitive market, the wide variety of products and services, customers are increasingly demanding and ask for high-quality products at the best price and technology is continuously improving; most industrial SMEs decided to implement management standards and systems in their facilities to improve processes and their level of competitiveness, to ensure their permanence in their market sector. This led many companies to implement management systems in their facilities. Which in turn, caused the need and urgency to create new management systems related to different aspects that could affect organisational performance and, therefore, the company competitiveness. All this means that many companies have several independent management systems to manage aspects as diverse as quality, the environment, or the health and safety of its workers. However, there is a possibility of running several management systems as if they were only one, through integrated management systems. With them, companies can benefit from the common synergies presented by the systems to obtain more efficient and simple management than if they ran each management system separately. Nevertheless, after conducting a complete literary review, it was found that no integrated management system is related to aspects of quality, continuous improvement, risks and, simultaneously, helps eliminate those activities that do not add value to the company. This reason motivates that the principal purpose of this essay is to design a method that integrates the ISO 9001:2015 standard, the Lean Manufacturing tool, the Kaizen philosophy of continuous improvement, and the ISO 31000:2009 standard. This methodology can help companies to improve the quality of their products and face the risks that can be found daily and, at the same time, continuously improve and disregard those tools and activities that do not generate value for the company. To develop the integration methodology after the literary review is conducted did a univariate and bivariate empirical analysis was done using a sample of thirty SMEs from the Valencian Community and a sample of nine Spanish companies located in the Czech Republic, in all cases implementing two or more management systems. The conclusion from this study is that most of the SMEs in the sample have integrated their management systems analysing the common elements of the management systems that they wanted to integrate and through their own process map. This process of integration lasted between one and two years and in which they encountered barriers such as "Lack of human resources", "Lack of collaboration between the departments" and "Employees with little motivation". Thanks to the integrated management system, the companies managed to improve their external image, the quality of their products and increase their competitive advantage in the market, and their organizational efficiency. It was also observed that, before starting the process of integration and in an integration plan, most of the Valencian SMEs from the sample determined "the objectives of quality and the planning to achieve them", "Infrastructure Management" and "Control of non-conformities". While the Spanish SMEs located in the Czech Republic created an integration plan in which they determined the "Control of non-conformities", the "Documented information (documentation, registration)", the "Roles, responsibilities, authorities" of each worker, the "System Review" and the "Preventive and Corrective Actions".Palacios Guillem, M. (2021). Propuesta de un nuevo procedimiento basado en la norma ISO 9001 para la gestión conjunta de la norma ISO 31000, la filosofía Kaizen y la herramienta Lean Manufacturing en pymes industriales de la Comunidad Valenciana [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/17897

Quality management systems: Lean Manufacturing, Kaizen, Risk management (UNE-ISO 31000) and ISO 9001

[EN] Currently, we are facing a competitive market, where every time new technologies are appearing, customers are increasingly stringent and require products with characteristics that satisfy their needs. That is why organizations must work for the total satisfaction of its customers, through a process of continuous improvement and implementing standardized guidelines to achieve the highest quality that products offer. These quality management systems are management models that meet a set of generic guidelines which are increasingly stringent and with more difficult standards to accomplish. Although there is a variety of systematic quality management, in this article will explain only four of them due to their importance in the workplace and the connection that there is among that, then to present a model that contains the four systematic. The structure of this paper consists of three parts. In the first one, it will be discussed the current state of each of them. In the second part, a number of conclusions that have been reached on this work will be presented. And the third part consists of the references used for this work.[ES] Actualmente, estamos frente a un mercado competitivo, donde se impulsan nuevas tecnologías, los clientes son cada vez más estrictos y exigen productos con características que satisfagan sus necesidades. Es por ello que las organizaciones deben de trabajar para la satisfacción total de sus clientes, mediante un proceso de mejora continua e implementar normas estandarizadas para lograr la calidad máxima de los productos que ofrecen. Dichos sistemas de gestión de la calidad son modelos de gestión que reúnen una serie de pautas genéricas las cuales cada vez son más rigurosas y con estándares difíciles de cumplir. Aunque hay una gran variedad de sistemáticas de gestión de la calidad, en este artículo se explicarán solo cuatro de ellas debido a su importancia en el mundo laboral y a la conexión que presentan entre ellas para luego presentar un modelo que contenga las cuatro sistemáticas. La estructura de este artículo consiste en tres partes. En la primera de ellas, se hablará del estado actual de cada uno de ellos. En la segunda parte, se expondrán una serie de conclusiones a las que se ha llegado realizando este trabajo. Y la tercera parte consiste en la bibliografía utilizada para realizar este trabajo.Palacios Guillem, M.; Gisbert Soler, V.; Pérez Bernabeu, E. (2015). Sistemas de gestión de la calidad: Lean Manufacturing, Kaizen, Gestión de riesgos (UNE-ISO 31000) e ISO 9001. 3C Tecnología. 4(4):175-188. doi:10.17993/3ctecno.2015.v4n4e16.175-134S1751884

NEW METHODOLOGY DEVELOPED FOR THE INTEGRATION OF LEAN MANUFACTURING; KAIZEN AND ISO 31000: 2009 BASED ON ISO 9001:2015

[EN] The main objective of the article is to create a methodology that integrates the Kaizen, Lean Manufacturing and the ISO 31000 and ISO 9001 standards. With this methodology, what is intended is to help SMEs to generate quality, continually improving and eliminating everything does not generate value. For this, a search of the existing methodologies was made and a descriptive analysis of a series of data obtained through the submission of a questionnaire to SMEs in the Valencian Community was carried out. From this descriptive analysis it is obtained that the SMEs in the sample have opted to use an analysis of the common elements of the systems or a model specific to the organization. With the descriptive analysis, it is also known that the duration of the integration of the systems lasted between 1 and 2 years and that the elements that most integrated the SMEs were ¿Processes to which the integration will be applied¿ and the "Degree of compliance with the requirements of the different management systems and the degree of compliance expected with the integration".[ES] El presente artículo tiene como objetivo principal crear una metodología que integre Kaizen, Lean Manufacturing y las normas ISO 31000 e ISO 9001. Con dicha metodología lo que se pretende es ayudar a las pymes a generar calidad, mejorando continuamente y eliminando todo aquello que no genera valor. Para ello se realizó una búsqueda de las metodologías existentes y se llevó a cabo un análisis descriptivo de una serie de datos obtenidos a través del envío de un cuestionario a pymes de la Comunidad Valenciana. De dicho análisis descriptivo se obtiene que las pymes de la muestran han optado por emplear un análisis de los elementos comunes de los sistemas o un modelo propio de la organización. Con el análisis descriptivo, también, se conoce que la duración de la integración de los sistemas duró entre 1 y 2 años y que los elementos que más integraron las pymes fueron ¿Procesos a los que se va a aplicar la integración¿ y el ¿Grado de cumplimiento de los requisitos de los diferentes sistemas de gestión y el grado de cumplimiento esperado con la integración¿.Palacios Guillem, M.; Pérez Bernabeu, E.; Gisbert Soler, V. (2019). Nueva metodología desarrollada para la integración de Lean Manufacturing, Kaizen e ISO 31000:2009 basados en la ISO 9001:2015. 3C Empresa, Investigación y pensamiento crítico. 8(2):13-43. https://doi.org/10.17993/3cemp.2019.080238.12-43S13438

Effect of methylisothiazolinone on biological treatments: Efficiency of SBRs and Bioindicative Studies

Methylisothiazolinone (MIT) is widely used as biocide in hair and skin care products and in high concentrations, more than 150 mg/L, in cooling towers in the paper mill and refinery industry. This product has been recognized as a potent contact allergen and is discharged to the wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) from industrial processes or domestic usages. However, the role of MIT in biological treatment has not been characterized, and therefore, the effect of MIT on the composition and performance of activated sludge has been analyzed. For this purpose, a sequential batch reactor was fed with a synthetic solution containing 5 mg/L of MIT. Addition of MIT had shown no significant effect on organic matter metabolization (dissolved organic carbon [DOC] removal remained constant at 80-90%). On the contrary, a loss of efficiency in the nitrification process occurred (ammonium removal decreased from 90% to 20% per cycle throughout the experiment), first affecting the nitrite oxidizing bacteria and, after around 40 cycles, also the ammonium-oxidizing bacteria disappeared, as shown by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. Bioindicative studies based on counts of protozoa and sludge biotic index indicated that, at the end of the process, a stable and well-colonized protozoa community was obtained. Finally, respirometric tests indicated some acclimatization of the heterotrophic bacteria to MIT, as shown by shorter lag periods when the sludge was previously fed with MIT. The role of MIT in biological treatment has been characterized to increase the knowledge about this pollutant effects on activated sludge to improve WWTP performance.We would like to thank the financial support of the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad AQUAFOTOX (CTQ2012-38754-C03-02).Amat Payá, AM.; Arques Sanz, A.; López Pérez, MF.; Nácher Pastor, M.; Palacios Guillem, S. (2015). Effect of methylisothiazolinone on biological treatments: Efficiency of SBRs and Bioindicative Studies. Environmental Engineering Science. 32(6):479-485. https://doi.org/10.1089/ees.2014.0283S47948532

Solar photocatalytic detoxification of cyanide effluents from metal finishing industry

[En] Wastewaters from metal fi nishing industry contain, among other pollutants, high amounts of cyanide and heavy metals, which results in a high toxicity of the effl uent. Therefore, it is necessary to detoxify the effl uent before discharging to a sewage treatment plant which commonly consists in a biological treatment. In this study, we analyzed different photocatalytic methods for cyanide removal: photo-Fenton, Fenton-like with metals such as manganese, zinc, silver, cobalt, chromium and copper and photocatalysis with addition of other oxidants such as persulfate. Initially, we performed a study on synthetic water prepared with contaminants found in real wastewater. In order to better simulate real conditions, the possible interferences from ions usually present in water, such as carbonates, sulfates, fl uorides or nitrates has been studied. The best treatment (Fenton-Like) was applied to real wastewaters from a metallurgical industry of the east of Spain, containg high amounts of copper. The global analysis of the treatments determined that the best results were obtained by applying solar photo-Fenton process and photo-Fenton-like processes with copper. The total degradation of cyanide and copper precipitation was achieved, improving the characteristics of the treated effl uent.[ES] Las aguas procedentes de la industria metalúrgica contienen, entre otros contaminantes, grandes cantidades de cianuro y metales pesados que les confieren elevadas toxicidades; por ello se hace necesario detoxificar estos efluentes antes de verterlos a una Estación de Depuración de Aguas Residuales Urbanas (EDARU) con tratamientos biológicos. En este estudio se analizan distintos métodos fotocatalíticos para la eliminación de cianuro: proceso foto-Fenton, Fentonlike con diferentes metales frecuentes en aguas reales, como manganeso, cinc, plata, cobalto, cromo y cobre y fotocatálisis solar con adición de oxidantes adicionales como persulfato. Inicialmente, se realiza un estudio sobre aguas preparadas con contaminantes encontrados en las analíticas de aguas de empresa. Con objeto de acercarnos más a condiciones reales, se determinan posibles interferencias causadas por iones presentes en aguas de forma habitual: carbonatos, sulfatos, fluoruros y nitratos. El tratamiento que proporciona mejores resultados (proceso similares al fotoFenton: ¿foto-Like-Fenton¿) se aplica en las aguas procedentes de una industria metalúrgica de la Comunidad Valenciana, cuyas aguas contienen cobre en cantidad suficiente como para influir de manera beneficiosa en el proceso. El análisis global de los tratamientos aplicados determina que los mejores resultados se obtienen con la aplicación del proceso foto-Fenton solar y procesos fotocatalíticos similares con cobre; se consigue la total degradación del cianuro y la precipitación final del cobre que favorece su eliminación del efluente mediante aplicación de un filtro prensa.Silvestre Mira, M.; Vercher Pérez, RF.; Palacios Guillem, S.; Arqués Sanz, A.; Amat Payá, AM.; Añó Montalvá, EJ. (2012). Detoxificación por fotocatálisis solar de efl uentes cianurados provenientes de una industria metalúrgica. Dyna Ingeniería e Industria. 87(6):698-706. doi:10.6036/4676S69870687

Integrative development of a short screening questionnaire of highly processed food consumption (sQ-HPF)

Background: Recent lifestyle changes include increased consumption of highly processed foods (HPF), which has been associated with an increased risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). However, nutritional information relies on the estimation of HPF consumption from food-frequency questionnaires (FFQ) that are not explicitly developed for this purpose. We aimed to develop a short screening questionnaire of HPF consumption (sQ-HPF) that integrates criteria from the existing food classification systems. Methods: Data from 4400 participants (48.1% female and 51.9% male, 64.9 +/- 4.9 years) of the Spanish PREDIMED-Plus (PREvention with MEDiterranean DIet) trial were used for this analysis. Items from the FFQ were classified according to four main food processing-based classification systems (NOVA, IARC, IFIC and UNC). Participants were classified into tertiles of HPF consumption according to each system. Using binomial logistic regression, food groups associated with agreement in the highest tertile for at least two classification systems were chosen as items for the questionnaire. ROC analysis was used to determine cut-off points for the frequency of consumption of each item, from which a score was calculated. Internal consistency of the questionnaire was assessed through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and Cronbach's analysis, and agreement with the four classifications was assessed with weighted kappa coefficients. Results: Regression analysis identified 14 food groups (items) associated with high HPF consumption for at least two classification systems. EFA showed that items were representative contributors of a single underlying factor, the HPF dietary pattern (factor loadings around 0.2). We constructed a questionnaire asking about the frequency of consumption of those items. The threshold frequency of consumption was selected using ROC analysis. Comparison of the four classification systems and the sQ-HPF showed a fair to high agreement. Significant changes in lifestyle characteristics were detected across tertiles of the sQ-HPF score. Longitudinal changes in HPF consumption were also detected by the sQ-HPF, concordantly with existing classification systems. Conclusions: We developed a practical tool to measure HPF consumption, the sQ-HPF. This may be a valuable instrument to study its relationship with NCDs

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Control de costes productivos

Palacios Guillem, M. (2014). Control de costes productivos. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/44272.Archivo delegad