O conceito de “sobrevivência dos saberes” como base para a confecção de uma grade de atributos para análise de situações de ensino aprendizagem (TLS)

O presente trabalho trata dos riscos e dificuldades presentes numa inovação curricular abordados em termos da resistência das disciplinas escolares a mudanças. Consideramos que as disciplinas escolares englobam conhecimento onde as transposições didáticas iniciadas num passado adquiriram estabilidade. A proposição de mudanças confronta-se com um tácito consenso sobre Por que ensinar, O que ensinar, Como ensinar, resultante de vários anos/décadas de experiência acumulada. A questão que escolhemos para guiar este trabalho é: o que fazer quando se precisa inovar, introduzir conteúdos diferentes do tradicional, ou aplicar um curso que rompe com aquilo que está estabelecido e contemplado pela tradição e pelo tempo? Iremos abordar essa questão na perspectiva da sobrevivência dos saberes escolares, dentro do quadro teórico oferecido pela Transposição Didática

Desenvolvimento profissional durante a implementação de inovações curriculares por professores do ensino secundário

Neste trabalho, apresentamos os primeiros resultados de uma pesquisa com cinco professores de física do ensino secundário que participaram de um projeto de inovação curricular na implementação de seqüências didáticas de ensino aprendizagem (Teaching and Learning Sequence) sobre Física Moderna. Por meio de questionário e entrevista semi-estruturada, buscou-se a partir da análise relacionar as fases de desenvolvimento profissional dos professores. Percebemos nos casos estudados, que alguns professores apresentaram uma discordância entre as fases deste desenvolvimento. Os resultados parecem indicar que a participação de professores em grupos de projetos inovadores no Ensino de Física, pode contribuir para consolidar seu desenvolvimento profissional na fase da experimentação ou diversificação

Aspirin Recapitulates Features of Caloric Restriction

G.K. is supported by the Ligue contre le Cancer Comitede Charente-Maritime (equipe labelisee); Agence National de la Recherche (ANR) - Projets blancs; ANR under the frame of E-Rare-2, the ERA-Net for Research on Rare Diseases; Association pour la recherche sur le cancer (ARC); Canceropole Ile-de-France; Chancelerie des universites de Paris (Legs Poix), Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale (FRM); a donation by Elior; the European Commission (ArtForce); the European Research Council (ERC; ERC-2012-AdG-320339-Immunodeath); Fondation Carrefour; Institut National du Cancer (INCa); INSERM (HTE); Institut Universitaire de France; LeDucq Foundation; the LabEx Immuno-Oncology; the RHU Torino Lumiere; the Searave Foundation; the SIRIC Stratified Oncology Cell DNA Repair and Tumor Immune Elimination (SOCRATE); the SIRIC Cancer Research and Personalized Medicine (CARPEM); and the Paris Alliance of Cancer Research Institutes (PACRI). F.M. is grateful to the FWF for grants LIPOTOX, P 29262, P 27893, P 29203, and P24381-B20 and the BMWFW for grants "Unconventional research" and "Flysleep (80.109/0001 -WF/V/3b/2015). G.M. is funded by the Ramon y Cajal Program (RYC-2013-12751) and supported by Spain's Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (BFU2015-68539) and the BBVA Foundation (SV-15-FBBVA-2). Some nematode strains used in this work were provided by the Caenorhabditis Genetic Center (CGC) at the University of Minnesota, which is funded by NIH Office of Research Infrastructure Programs (P40 OD010440).Pietrocola, F., Castoldi, F., Markaki, M., Lachkar, S., Chen, G., Enot, D.P., Durand, S., Bossut, N., Tong, M., Malik, S.A., Loos, F., Dupont, N., Mariño, G., Abdelkader, N., Madeo, F., Maiuri, M.C., Kroemer, R., Codogno, P., Sadoshima, J., Tavernarakis, N., Kroemer, G

' Lactobacillus fermentum ' 3872 genome sequencing reveals plasmid and chromosomal genes potentially involved in a probiotic activity.

In this report we describe a ' Lactobacillus fermentum ' 3872 plasmid (pLF3872) not previously found in any other strain of this species. The analysis of the complete sequence of this plasmid revealed the presence of a gene encoding a large collagen binding protein (CBP), as well as the genes responsible for plasmid maintenance and conjugation. Potential roles of CBP and a chromosomally encoded fibronectin-binding protein (FbpA) in probiotic activity are discussed

Lysosomal protease deficiency or substrate overload induces an oxidative-stress mediated STAT3-dependent pathway of lysosomal homeostasis

How cells regulate their lysosomal proteolytic capacity is only partly understood. Here, the authors show that lysosomal protease deficiency or substrate overload induces lysosomal stress leading to activation of a STAT3-dependent, TFEB-independent pathway of lysosomal hydrolase expression

Essential versus accessory aspects of cell death: recommendations of the NCCD 2015

Cells exposed to extreme physicochemical or mechanical stimuli die in an uncontrollable manner, as a result of their immediate structural breakdown. Such an unavoidable variant of cellular demise is generally referred to as ‘accidental cell death’ (ACD). In most settings, however, cell death is initiated by a genetically encoded apparatus, correlating with the fact that its course can be altered by pharmacologic or genetic interventions. ‘Regulated cell death’ (RCD) can occur as part of physiologic programs or can be activated once adaptive responses to perturbations of the extracellular or intracellular microenvironment fail. The biochemical phenomena that accompany RCD may be harnessed to classify it into a few subtypes, which often (but not always) exhibit stereotyped morphologic features. Nonetheless, efficiently inhibiting the processes that are commonly thought to cause RCD, such as the activation of executioner caspases in the course of apoptosis, does not exert true cytoprotective effects in the mammalian system, but simply alters the kinetics of cellular demise as it shifts its morphologic and biochemical correlates. Conversely, bona fide cytoprotection can be achieved by inhibiting the transduction of lethal signals in the early phases of the process, when adaptive responses are still operational. Thus, the mechanisms that truly execute RCD may be less understood, less inhibitable and perhaps more homogeneous than previously thought. Here, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death formulates a set of recommendations to help scientists and researchers to discriminate between essential and accessory aspects of cell death

Sequence diversity in the A domain of Staphylococcus aureus fibronectin-binding protein A

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Fibronectin-binding protein A (FnBPA) mediates adhesion of <it>Staphylococcus aureus </it>to fibronectin, fibrinogen and elastin. We previously reported that <it>S. aureus </it>strain P1 encodes an FnBPA protein where the fibrinogen/elastin-binding domain (A domain) is substantially divergent in amino acid sequence from the archetypal FnBPA of <it>S. aureus </it>NCTC8325, and that these variations created differences in antigenicity. In this study strains from multilocus sequence types (MLST) that spanned the genetic diversity of <it>S.aureus </it>were examined to determine the extent of FnBPA A domain variation within the <it>S. aureus </it>population and its effect on ligand binding and immuno-crossreactivity.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Seven different isotype forms (I – VII) of the FnBPA A domain were identified which were between 66 to 76% identical in amino acid sequence in any pair-wise alignment. The <it>fnbA </it>allelic variants in strains of different multilocus sequence type were identified by DNA hybridization using probes specific for sequences encoding the highly divergent N3 sub-domain of different isotypes. Several isotypes were not restricted to specific clones or clonal complexes but were more widely distributed. It is highly likely that certain <it>fnbA </it>genes have been transferred horizontally. Residues lining the putative ligand-binding trench were conserved, which is consistent with the ability of each A domain isotype to bind immobilized fibrinogen and elastin by the dock-latch-lock mechanism. Variant amino acid residues were mapped on a three-dimensional model of the FnBPA A domain and were predicted to be surface-exposed. Polyclonal antibodies raised against the recombinant isotype I A domain bound that protein with a 4 – 7 fold higher apparent affinity compared to the A domains of isotypes II – VII, while some monoclonal antibodies generated against the isotype I A domain showed reduced or no binding to the other isotypes.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The FnBPA A domain occurs in at least 7 different isotypes which differ antigenically and exhibit limited immuno-crossreactivity, yet retain their ligand-binding functions. Antigenic variation of the FnBPA A domain may aid <it>S. aureus </it>to evade the host's immune responses. These findings have implications for the development of vaccines or immunotherapeutics that target FnBPA.</p

A Presence- and Performance-Driven Framework to Investigate Interactive Networked Music Learning Scenarios

Cooperative music making in networked environments has been subject of extensive research, scientific and artistic. Networked music performance (NMP) is attracting renewed interest thanks to the growing availability of effective technology and tools for computer-based communications, especially in the area of distance and blended learning applications. We propose a conceptual framework for NMP research and design in the context of classical chamber music practice and learning: presence-related constructs and objective quality metrics are used to problematize and systematize the many factors affecting the experience of studying and practicing music in a networked environment. To this end, a preliminary NMP experiment on the effect of latency on chamber music duos experience and quality of the performance is introduced. The degree of involvement, perceived coherence, and immersion of the NMP environment are here combined with measures on the networked performance, including tempo trends and misalignments from the shared score. Early results on the impact of temporal factors on NMP musical interaction are outlined, and their methodological implications for the design of pedagogical applications are discussed

A natureza da ciência na escola básica : enfrentando obstáculos na construção de narrativas históricas

Objetivando discutir aspectos na natureza da ciência na educação científica foram utilizados episódios da história da ciência para a criação de uma seqüência didática. A busca pela harmonização entre os distintos campos do saber, na elaboração das atividades e das narrativas históricas, materializou certos obstáculos previstos pela dimensão teórica, requerendo fazer escolhas e assumir riscos na construção dos saberes escolares. Esse trabalho discute a superação desses obstáculos pedagógicos, históricos e epistemológicos, tanto na elaboração quanto na implementação da proposta na sala de aula

The interaction of bacterial pathogens with platelets.

In recent years, the frequency of serious cardiovascular infections such as endocarditis has increased, particularly in association with nosocomially acquired antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Growing evidence suggests a crucial role for the interaction of bacteria with human platelets in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular infections. Here, we review the nature of the interactions between platelets and bacteria, and the role of these interactions in the pathogenesis of endocarditis and other cardiovascular diseases