138 research outputs found
Trichinellosis surveillance in wildlife in northeastern argentine patagonia
Fil: Winter, Marina. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Sede Atlántica; ArgentinaFil: Winter, Marina. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia Río Negro (CONICET-UNRN); ArgentinaFil: Pasqualetti, Mariana I. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias; ArgentinaFil: Pasqualetti, Mariana I. Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA); ArgentinaFil: Pasqualetti, Mariana I. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Fariña, Fernando A. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias; ArgentinaFil: Fariña, Fernando A. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Fariña, Fernando A. Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA); ArgentinaFil: Ercole, Mariano E. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias; ArgentinaFil: Failla, Mauricio. Proyecto Patagonia Noreste; ArgentinaFil: Failla, Mauricio. Museo Provincial Patagónico de Ciencias Naturales Juan Carlos Salgado; ArgentinaFil: Perello, Mario C. Fundación Félix de Azara; ArgentinaFil: Birochio, Diego E. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Sede Atlántica; ArgentinaFil: Birochio, Diego E. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia Río Negro; ArgentinaFil: Abate, Sergio D. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Sede Atlántica; ArgentinaFil: Abate, Sergio D. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia; ArgentinaFil: Soricetti, Mariano. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Sede Atlántica; ArgentinaFil: Soricetti, Mariano. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia; ArgentinaFil: Ribicich, Mabel M. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias; ArgentinaFil: Ribicich, Mabel M. Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA); ArgentinaFil: Ribicich, Mabel M. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaTrichinellosis is a food-borne parasitic disease produced by different nematodes of the genus Trichinella. In
Argentina, it is an endemic zoonosis and an important public health problem. The infection has been detected in domestic and wild animals. Trichinella spp. muscle larvae have anaerobic metabolism, which allows their survival in decaying tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of Trichinella spp. in carnivorous and/or scavenger wild vertebrates - birds, mammals and reptiles - in northeastern Argentine Patagonia. Skeletal muscle samples from 141 animals, which were found killed on northeastern Argentine Patagonia roads, were analyzed by the artificial digestion method. None of the 141 samples were positive for larvae of Trichinella. These results suggest that Trichinella does not use these species to complete its cycle in this region of the continent and the absence of a significant alteration in the study area makes it difficult to transmit parasitic diseases. However, due to the limited number of samples assessed for some species, this could not be confirmed. The relevance of this study resides in the fact that it is the first systematic study in South America that considers birds, reptiles and mammals as potential hosts for Trichinella.Trichinellosis is a food-borne parasitic disease produced by different nematodes of the genus Trichinella. In
Argentina, it is an endemic zoonosis and an important public health problem. The infection has been detected in domestic and wild animals. Trichinella spp. muscle larvae have anaerobic metabolism, which allows their survival in decaying tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of Trichinella spp. in carnivorous and/or scavenger wild vertebrates - birds, mammals and reptiles - in northeastern Argentine Patagonia. Skeletal muscle samples from 141 animals, which were found killed on northeastern Argentine Patagonia roads, were analyzed by the artificial digestion method. None of the 141 samples were positive for larvae of Trichinella. These results suggest that Trichinella does not use these species to complete its cycle in this region of the continent and the absence of a significant alteration in the study area makes it difficult to transmit parasitic diseases. However, due to the limited number of samples assessed for some species, this could not be confirmed. The relevance of this study resides in the fact that it is the first systematic study in South America that considers birds, reptiles and mammals as potential hosts for Trichinella
El derecho privilegiario de las ordenes religiosas ... : escrito en defensa del Convento de Religiosos Agustinos ... contra el Convento de Religiosos Dominicos ...
Autor tomado de fin de textoSign.:[], A-K2Port. con grab. xil.Inic. grab.Front calc.:"S. Augustinus Doctor Ecclesiae ; Camaron inv. Monfort f.t.
Ghrelin Indirectly Activates Hypophysiotropic CRF Neurons in Rodents
Ghrelin is a stomach-derived hormone that regulates food intake and neuroendocrine function by acting on its receptor, GHSR (Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor). Recent evidence indicates that a key function of ghrelin is to signal stress to the brain. It has been suggested that one of the potential stress-related ghrelin targets is the CRF (Corticotropin-Releasing Factor)-producing neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, which secrete the CRF neuropeptide into the median eminence and activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. However, the neural circuits that mediate the ghrelin-induced activation of this neuroendocrine axis are mostly uncharacterized. In the current study, we characterized in vivo the mechanism by which ghrelin activates the hypophysiotropic CRF neurons in mice. We found that peripheral or intra-cerebro-ventricular administration of ghrelin strongly activates c-fos – a marker of cellular activation – in CRF-producing neurons. Also, ghrelin activates CRF gene expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis at peripheral level. Ghrelin administration directly into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus also induces c-fos within the CRF-producing neurons and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, without any significant effect on the food intake. Interestingly, dual-label immunohistochemical analysis and ghrelin binding studies failed to show GHSR expression in CRF neurons. Thus, we conclude that ghrelin activates hypophysiotropic CRF neurons, albeit indirectly
Leaf yellowing of the wheat cultivar Mace in the absence of yellowspot disease
The wheat variety Mace is currently dominating the southern wheat growing regions of Australia. It is high yielding in most environments and resistant to many diseases including yellow spot (also known as tan spot). However, observations of foliar yellowing of Mace have recently been reported in the field. This has raised concerns over a possible breakdown of resistance to yellow spot, which is caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Pyrenophora triticirepentis. West Australian field samples of yellowing Mace leaves were evaluated for P. triticirepentis infection, and this pathogen was determined to be absent. Instead, Alternaria spp. were isolated from the wheat leaves. Pathogenicity assays showed that the recovered Alternaria spp. were unable to cause disease symptoms on Mace. Furthermore, spontaneous foliar lesions were observed in Mace grown in the absence of pathogens. It is therefore likely that such yellowing is a physiological trait, which will not respond to fungicide application. A marginal impact on yield cannot be excluded
Toward enhanced clinical decision support for patients undergoing a hip or knee replacement: focus group and interview study with surgeons
Background:
The current assessment of recovery after total hip or knee replacement is largely based on the measurement of health outcomes through self-report and clinical observations at follow-up appointments in clinical settings. Home activity-based monitoring may improve assessment of recovery by enabling the collection of more holistic information on a continuous basis.
Objective:
This study aimed to introduce orthopedic surgeons to time-series analyses of patient activity data generated from a platform of sensors deployed in the homes of patients who have undergone primary total hip or knee replacement and understand the potential role of these data in postoperative clinical decision-making.
Methods:
Orthopedic surgeons and registrars were recruited through a combination of convenience and snowball sampling. Inclusion criteria were a minimum required experience in total joint replacement surgery specific to the hip or knee or familiarity with postoperative recovery assessment. Exclusion criteria included a lack of specific experience in the field. Of the 9 approached participants, 6 (67%) orthopedic surgeons and 3 (33%) registrars took part in either 1 of 3 focus groups or 1 of 2 interviews. Data were collected using an action-based approach in which stimulus materials (mock data visualizations) provided imaginative and creative interactions with the data. The data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach.
Results:
Each data visualization was presented sequentially followed by a discussion of key illustrative commentary from participants, ending with a summary of key themes emerging across the focus group and interview data set.
Conclusions:
The limitations of the evidence are as follows. The data presented are from 1 English hospital. However, all data reflect the views of surgeons following standard national approaches and training. Although convenience sampling was used, participants’ background, skills, and experience were considered heterogeneous. Passively collected home monitoring data offered a real opportunity to more objectively characterize patients’ recovery from surgery. However, orthopedic surgeons highlighted the considerable difficulty in navigating large amounts of complex data within short medical consultations with patients. Orthopedic surgeons thought that a proposed dashboard presenting information and decision support alerts would fit best with existing clinical workflows. From this, the following guidelines for system design were developed: minimize the risk of misinterpreting data, express a level of confidence in the data, support clinicians in developing relevant skills as time-series data are often unfamiliar, and consider the impact of patient engagement with data in the future
Ghrelin Modulates the fMRI BOLD Response of Homeostatic and Hedonic Brain Centers Regulating Energy Balance in the Rat
The orexigenic gut-brain peptide, ghrelin and its G-protein coupled receptor, the growth hormone secretagogue receptor
1a (GHS-R1A) are pivotal regulators of hypothalamic feeding centers and reward processing neuronal circuits of the brain.
These systems operate in a cooperative manner and receive a wide array of neuronal hormone/transmitter messages and
metabolic signals. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was employed in the current study to map BOLD responses to
ghrelin in different brain regions with special reference on homeostatic and hedonic regulatory centers of energy balance.
Experimental groups involved male, ovariectomized female and ovariectomized estradiol-replaced rats. Putative modulation
of ghrelin signaling by endocannabinoids was also studied. Ghrelin-evoked effects were calculated as mean of the BOLD
responses 30 minutes after administration. In the male rat, ghrelin evoked a slowly decreasing BOLD response in all studied
regions of interest (ROI) within the limbic system. This effect was antagonized by pretreatment with GHS-R1A antagonist
JMV2959. The comparison of ghrelin effects in the presence or absence of JMV2959 in individual ROIs revealed significant
changes in the prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens of the telencephalon, and also within hypothalamic centers like the
lateral hypothalamus, ventromedial nucleus, paraventricular nucleus and suprachiasmatic nucleus. In the female rat, the
ghrelin effects were almost identical to those observed in males. Ovariectomy and chronic estradiol replacement had no
effect on the BOLD response. Inhibition of the endocannabinoid signaling by rimonabant significantly attenuated the
response of the nucleus accumbens and septum. In summary, ghrelin can modulate hypothalamic and mesolimbic
structures controlling energy balance in both sexes. The endocannabinoid signaling system contributes to the
manifestation of ghrelin’s BOLD effect in a region specific manner. In females, the estradiol milieu does not influence the
BOLD response to ghrelin
Top-quark physics at the CLIC electron-positron linear collider
ABSTRACT: The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a proposed future high-luminosity linear electron-positron collider operating at three energy stages, with nominal centre-of-mass energies √s = 380 GeV, 1.5 TeV, and 3 TeV. Its aim is to explore the energy frontier, providing sensitivity to physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM) and precision measurements of Standard Model processes with an emphasis on Higgs boson and top-quark physics. The opportunities for top-quark physics at CLIC are discussed in this paper. The initial stage of operation focuses on top-quark pair production measurements, as well as the search for rare flavour-changing neutral current (FCNC) top-quark decays. It also includes a top-quark pair production threshold scan around 350 GeV which provides a precise measurement of the top-quark mass in a well-defined theoretical framework. At the higher-energy stages, studies are made of top-quark pairs produced in association with other particles. A study of t̄tH production including the extraction of the top Yukawa coupling is presented as well as a study of vector boson fusion (VBF) production, which gives direct access to high-energy electroweak interactions. Operation above 1 TeV leads to more highly collimated jet environments where dedicated methods are used to analyse the jet constituents. These techniques enable studies of the top-quark pair production, and hence the sensitivity to BSM physics, to be extended to higher energies. This paper also includes phenomenological interpretations that may be performed using the results from the extensive top-quark physics programme at CLIC.the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness under projects MINEICO/FEDER-UE, FPA2015-65652-C4-3-R, FPA2015-71292-C2-1-Pand FPA2015-71956-REDT; and the MECD grant FPA2016-78645-P, Spai
The 2017 May 20 stellar occultation by the elongated centaur (95626) 2002 GZ
We predicted a stellar occultation of the bright star Gaia DR1
4332852996360346368 (UCAC4 385-75921) (m= 14.0 mag) by the centaur
2002 GZ for 2017 May 20. Our latest shadow path prediction
was favourable to a large region in Europe. Observations were arranged in a
broad region inside the nominal shadow path. Series of images were obtained
with 29 telescopes throughout Europe and from six of them (five in Spain and
one in Greece) we detected the occultation. This is the fourth centaur, besides
Chariklo, Chiron and Bienor, for which a multi-chord stellar occultation is
reported. By means of an elliptical fit to the occultation chords we obtained
the limb of 2002 GZ during the occultation, resulting in an ellipse with
axes of 305 17 km 146 8 km. From this limb, thanks to a
rotational light curve obtained shortly after the occultation, we derived the
geometric albedo of 2002 GZ ( = 0.043 0.007) and a 3-D
ellipsoidal shape with axes 366 km 306 km 120 km. This shape
is not fully consistent with a homogeneous body in hydrostatic equilibrium for
the known rotation period of 2002 GZ. The size (albedo) obtained from
the occultation is respectively smaller (greater) than that derived from the
radiometric technique but compatible within error bars. No rings or debris
around 2002 GZ were detected from the occultation, but narrow and thin
rings cannot be discarded.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS (8-Dec.-2020), 15 pages, 9 figure
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