Agreement between dual x-ray absorptiometers using pencil beam and fan beam: indicators of bone health and whole-body plus appendicular tissue composition in adult athletes

OBJECTIVE: The current study was aimed to examine intra-individual variation on indicators of bone health in addition to whole-body plus appendicular tissue measurements using two concurrent assessments based on pencil beam and fan beam dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) systems in adult athletes from several sports. METHOD: Thirty-two male participants (27.6±10.1 years) were measured on anthropometry including multifrequency bioelectric impedance and air-displacement plethysmography. Bone mineral content (BMC), bone area, fat and lean soft tissue were derived using pencil beam (Lunar DPX-MD+) and fan beam (Lunar iDXA) absorptiometry. Bone mineral density (BMD) was obtained for the femoral neck, trochanter and triangle of ward. Finally, the right thigh was defined as a region of interest (ROI). Analyses comprised intra-class correlation (ICC), Effect size (d) from mean differences of repeated measurements, coefficient of variation (CV) RESULTS: ICC were >0.900 for all measurements. Intra-individual differences were large for BMC (d=1,312; CV=2,7%), bone area (d=1,761; CV=2,7%), fat tissue (d=1,612; CV=11%) and all indicators of appendicular lean soft tissue (d=1,237-1687; CV=2,0-4,1%). A very large difference (d=4,014; CV=8.4%) was diagnosed for lean soft tissue of the ROI. CONCLUSION: Although differences among concurrent instruments for BMC and bone area, the effect size of mean differences was negligible for BMD. Fat and lean soft tissue derived from DXA should be interpreted as reference values (not criterion) due to equipment-related variation, more apparently in the ROI values.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The state of the Martian climate

60°N was +2.0°C, relative to the 1981–2010 average value (Fig. 5.1). This marks a new high for the record. The average annual surface air temperature (SAT) anomaly for 2016 for land stations north of starting in 1900, and is a significant increase over the previous highest value of +1.2°C, which was observed in 2007, 2011, and 2015. Average global annual temperatures also showed record values in 2015 and 2016. Currently, the Arctic is warming at more than twice the rate of lower latitudes

Anais do II Encontro de Escritores de Língua Portuguesa

Literatura e Lusofonia, colectânea dos textos apresentados ao II Encontro de Escritores de Língua Portuguesa, realizado na cidade de Natal, de 23 a 25 de novembro de 2011, é finalmente publicado, em 2013, ultrapassados que foram obstáculos de vária ordem que surgiram ao longo da sua preparação. Registamos com satisfação que a atual Prefeitura de Natal decidiu dar continuidade aos Encontros de Escritores de Língua Portuguesa, com a sua IV edição a decorrer em novembro de 2013, no âmbito do Festival Literário de Natal. As instituições promotoras deste livro gostariam de ressalvar que o conteúdo dos textos incluídos em Literatura e Lusofonia é da responsabilidade exclusiva dos seus autores. A presente edição segue a grafia do Acordo Ortográfico.Câmara Municipal de Natal e Câmara Municipal de Lisboainfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio