3,200 research outputs found
PetaQCD : En Route for the automatic code generation for lattice QCD
International audienceNew computer architectures with various weak and strong characteristics appear with increasing speed. We present our work in progress for the tool-chain aimed at rapid prototyping of the novel dirac matrix inversion algorithms for emerging architectures. From scientific description of the algorithm on the front end to the several back ends we discuss how symbolic manipulation may be used to create and optimize lattice calculations on the fly
New 6cm and 11cm observations of the supernova remnant CTA 1
(Abridged) We conducted new 6cm and 11cm observations of CTA 1 using the
Urumqi 25-m and Effelsberg 100-m telescopes. Data at other wavelengths were
included to investigate the spectrum and polarisation properties. We obtained
new total intensity and polarisation maps at 6cm and 11cm with angular
resolutions of 9.5 arcmin and 4.4 arcmin, respectively. We derived a spectral
index of alpha=-0.63+/-0.05 based on the integrated flux densities at 408 MHz,
1420 MHz, 2639 MHz, and 4800 MHz. The spectral index map calculated from data
at the four frequencies shows a clear steepening of the spectrum from the
strong shell emission towards the north-western breakout region with weak
diffuse emission. The decrease of the spectral index is up to about 0.3. The RM
map derived from polarisation data at 6cm and 11cm shows a sharp transition
between positive RMs in the north-eastern and negative RMs in the south-western
part of the SNR. We note a corresponding RM pattern of extragalactic sources
and propose the existence of a large-diameter Faraday screen in front of CTA 1,
which covers the north-eastern part of the SNR. The RM of the Faraday screen is
estimated to be about +45 rad/m2. A RM structure function of CTA 1 indicates a
very regular magnetic field within the Faraday screen, which is larger than
about 2.7 microG in case of 500 pc distance.Comment: 9 pages, 12 figures, minor changes, accepted for publication in A&
A pseudo-planar, periodic-box formalism for modelling the outer evolution of structure in spherically expanding stellar winds
We present an efficient technique to study the 1D evolution of
instability-generated structure in winds of hot stars out to very large
distances (more than 1000 stellar radii). This technique makes use of our
previous finding that external forces play little role in the outer evolution
of structure. Rather than evolving the entire wind, as is traditionally done,
the technique focuses on a representative portion of the structure and follows
it as it moves out with the flow. This requires the problem to be formulated in
a moving reference frame. The lack of Galilean invariance of the spherical
equations of hydrodynamics is circumvented by recasting them in a pseudo-planar
form. By applying the technique to a number of problems we show that it is fast
and accurate, and has considerable conceptual advantages. It is particularly
useful to test the dependence of solutions on the Galilean frame in which they
were obtained. As an illustration, we show that, in a one-dimensional
approximation, the wind can remain structured out to distances of more than
1300 stellar radii from the central star.Comment: submitted to Astronomy and Astrophysics, 12 pages, 13 figure
The Halo and Rings of the Planetary Nebula NGC 40 in the Mid-Infrared
We present imaging and spectroscopy of NGC 40 acquired using the Spitzer
Space Telescope (Spitzer), and the Infrared Space observatory (ISO). These are
used to investigate the nature of emission from the central nebular shell, from
the nebular halo, and from the associated circumnebular rings. It is pointed
out that a variety of mechanisms may contribute to the mid-infrared (MIR)
fluxes, and there is evidence for a cool dust continuum, strong ionic
transitions, and appreciable emission by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAHs). Prior observations at shorter wavelengths also indicate the presence of
warmer grains, and the possible contribution of H2 transitions. It is suggested
that an apparent jet-like structure to the NE of the halo represents one of the
many emission spokes that permeate the shell. The spokes are likely to be
caused by the percolation of UV photons through a clumpy interior shell, whilst
the jet-like feature is enhanced due to locally elevated electron densities; a
result of interaction between NGC 40 and the interstellar medium. It is finally
noted that the presence of the PAH, 21 microns and 30 microns spectral features
testifies to appreciable C/O ratios within the main nebular shell. Such a
result is consistent with abundance determinations using collisionally excited
lines, but not with those determined using optical recombination linesComment: 13 pages, 8 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 37 pages in
arXi
The bright optical afterglow of the long GRB 001007
We present optical follow up observations of the long GRB 001007 between 6.14
hours and ~468 days after the event. An unusually bright optical afterglow (OA)
was seen to decline following a steep power law decay with index alpha = -2.03
+/- 0.11, possibly indicating a break in the light curve at t - to < 3.5 days,
as found in other bursts. Upper limits imposed by the LOTIS alerting system
6.14 hours after the gamma ray event provide tentative (1.2 sigma) evidence for
a break in the optical light curve. The spectral index beta of the OA yields
-1.24 +/- 0.57. These values may be explained both by several fireball jet
models and by the cannonball model. Fireball spherical expansion models are not
favoured. Late epoch deep imaging revealed the presence of a complex host
galaxy system, composed of at least two objects located 1.2" (1.7 sigma) and
1.9" (2.7 sigma) from the afterglow position.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, published in A&
Determination of the b quark mass at the M_Z scale with the DELPHI detector at LEP
An experimental study of the normalized three-jet rate of b quark events with
respect to light quarks events (light= \ell \equiv u,d,s) has been performed
using the CAMBRIDGE and DURHAM jet algorithms. The data used were collected by
the DELPHI experiment at LEP on the Z peak from 1994 to 2000. The results are
found to agree with theoretical predictions treating mass corrections at
next-to-leading order. Measurements of the b quark mass have also been
performed for both the b pole mass: M_b and the b running mass: m_b(M_Z). Data
are found to be better described when using the running mass. The measurement
yields: m_b(M_Z) = 2.85 +/- 0.18 (stat) +/- 0.13 (exp) +/- 0.19 (had) +/- 0.12
(theo) GeV/c^2 for the CAMBRIDGE algorithm. This result is the most precise
measurement of the b mass derived from a high energy process. When compared to
other b mass determinations by experiments at lower energy scales, this value
agrees with the prediction of Quantum Chromodynamics for the energy evolution
of the running mass. The mass measurement is equivalent to a test of the
flavour independence of the strong coupling constant with an accuracy of 7
permil.Comment: 24 pages, 10 figures, Accepted by Eur. Phys. J.
Study of Leading Hadrons in Gluon and Quark Fragmentation
The study of quark jets in e+e- reactions at LEP has demonstrated that the
hadronisation process is reproduced well by the Lund string model. However, our
understanding of gluon fragmentation is less complete. In this study enriched
quark and gluon jet samples of different purities are selected in three-jet
events from hadronic decays of the Z collected by the DELPHI experiment in the
LEP runs during 1994 and 1995. The leading systems of the two kinds of jets are
defined by requiring a rapidity gap and their sum of charges is studied. An
excess of leading systems with total charge zero is found for gluon jets in all
cases, when compared to Monte Carlo Simulations with JETSET (with and without
Bose-Einstein correlations included) and ARIADNE. The corresponding leading
systems of quark jets do not exhibit such an excess. The influence of the gap
size and of the gluon purity on the effect is studied and a concentration of
the excess of neutral leading systems at low invariant masses (<~ 2 GeV/c^2) is
observed, indicating that gluon jets might have an additional hitherto
undetected fragmentation mode via a two-gluon system. This could be an
indication of a possible production of gluonic states as predicted by QCD.Comment: 19 pages, 6 figures, Accepted by Phys. Lett.
Measurement and Interpretation of Fermion-Pair Production at LEP energies above the Z Resonance
This paper presents DELPHI measurements and interpretations of
cross-sections, forward-backward asymmetries, and angular distributions, for
the e+e- -> ffbar process for centre-of-mass energies above the Z resonance,
from sqrt(s) ~ 130 - 207 GeV at the LEP collider. The measurements are
consistent with the predictions of the Standard Model and are used to study a
variety of models including the S-Matrix ansatz for e+e- -> ffbar scattering
and several models which include physics beyond the Standard Model: the
exchange of Z' bosons, contact interactions between fermions, the exchange of
gravitons in large extra dimensions and the exchange of sneutrino in R-parity
violating supersymmetry.Comment: 79 pages, 16 figures, Accepted by Eur. Phys. J.
A Determination of the Centre-of-Mass Energy at LEP2 using Radiative 2-fermion Events
Using e+e- -> mu+mu-(gamma) and e+e- -> qqbar(gamma) events radiative to the
Z pole, DELPHI has determined the centre-of-mass energy, sqrt{s}, using energy
and momentum constraint methods. The results are expressed as deviations from
the nominal LEP centre-of-mass energy, measured using other techniques. The
results are found to be compatible with the LEP Energy Working Group estimates
for a combination of the 1997 to 2000 data sets.Comment: 20 pages, 6 figures, Accepted by Eur. Phys. J.
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