THE DEPLOYABLE ARCHITECTURE COMMEMORATES THE 25 YEARS OF PEACE. 50THAnniversary of Emilio Pérez Piñero’s Pavilion

[EN] Emilio Pérez Piñero carried out a transportable pavilion for exhibitions based on a flat reticular deployable structure made out of aluminium. A roof of 8.000 sqm covered the commemorative exhibition Spain 64. This structural achievement was meant to be used as a propaganda tool by the Spanish government of that time, in order to highlight the successes accomplished since the end of the Spanish Civil War, within the framework of the National propaganda campaign named 25 Years of Peace. Commissioned by the Spanish Ministry of Information and Tourism, the pavilion was subsequently installed in Madrid, San Sebastian and Barcelona.[ES] Emilio Pérez Piñero realiza un pabellón transportable para exposiciones basado en una estructura reticular desplegable plana fabricada en aluminio. La cubierta de 8.000 m2 alberga la exposición conmemorativa España 64. Con este hito estructural el gobierno de la época pretendía dar a conocer los logros conseguidos desde el final de la Guerra Civil española, en el marco conmemorativo de los XXV Años de Paz. El Ministerio de Información y Turismo fue el promotor de este encargo que estuvo instalado en Madrid, San Sebastián y BarcelonaPérez Belda, EA.; Pérez Almagro, MC. (2016). La arquitectura desplegable conmemora los XXV años de paz. 50 Aniversario del Pabellón de Emilio Pérez Piñero. EGA. Revista de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica. 21(28):146-155. doi:10.4995/ega.2016.6307.SWORD1461552128Aróstegui, J. y Godicheau, F., (ed.) 2006. Guerra Civil: Mito y Memoria. Madrid: Marcial Pons.Banham, R., 1976. Megastructure. Urban futures of the recent past. London: Thames and Hudson.Calvo López, J., & Sanz Alarcón, J. P. (2011). ARQUITECTURA PLEGABLE PARA UNA DÉCADA PRODIGIOSA La obra de Emilio Pérez Piñero y la arquitectura de los años sesenta. EGA. Revista de expresión gráfica arquitectónica, 16(17). doi:10.4995/ega.2011.888Drew, P., 1972. Third Generation: The Changing Meaning of Architecture. New York: Praeger.Escrig, F., 1993. Las estructuras de Emilio Pérez Pi-ero. Arquitectura Transformable. Textos de Arquitectura. Sevilla: Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Sevilla, pp. 11-32.Friedman, Y., 1979. La arquitectura móvil. Barcelona: Poseidon.Nicolás Marín, E., 2005. Un desarrollo marcado por los contrastes (1962-1975), en La libertad encadenada. Espa-a en la dictadura franquista 1939-1975. Madrid: Alianza Editorial.Pérez Almagro, M. C., 2013. Estudio y normalización de la colección museográfica y del archivo de la Fundación Emilio Pérez Pi-ero (tesis doctoral). Murcia: Universidad de Murcia.Pérez Belda, E. A., 1996. Constructive problems in the deployable structures of Emilio Pérez Pi-ero, in Escrig, F & Brebbia, CA (ed.). Mobile and Rapidly Assembled Structures II, MARAS 96. Southampton: Computational Mechanics Publications, pp. 23-34.Pérez Pi-ero, E., 1964. Notas sobre las estructuras. Arquitectura vol. 6, nº 66, pp. 22-25.Puertas del Río, L., 1989. Estructuras desmontables y desplegables. Estudio de la obra del arquitecto Emilio Pérez Pi-ero (tesis doctoral). Madrid: Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid.Robles Piquer, C., 2011. Memoria de cuatro Espa-as. República, guerra, franquismo y democracia. Barcelona: Planeta, pp. 251-261.Tusell, J., 2005. Dictadura franquista y democracia 1939- 2004. Barcelona: Crítica

Pruebas de evaluación Saber y PISA en la Educación Obligatoria de Colombia

INTRODUCTION. This article reviews the external evaluation policies of students in compulsory education in Colombia. Specific attention is paid to the “Saber” and the international PISA tests. METHOD. This work describes how evaluation is undertaken in the country and what its results are for the 3rd, 5th and 9th levels of basic education and the 11th level of compulsory secondary education. Firstly, the context and characteristics of these two evaluations are presented, as well as the policies and actions addressed to improve the dynamics and quality of the teaching offer. RESULTS. Results show that the country is immersed in a debate about educational coverage which, despite the efforts made to improve equality and quality, has not led to improvements in students’ academic performances. DISCUSSION. Historical-documentary work seems to foster interprofessional relationships in that it involves the whole educational community.INTRODUCCIÓN. Esta investigación se centra en la revisión documental a las políticas de evaluación externas a los estudiantes de educación obligatoria en Colombia. Se trata de las Pruebas Saber y la prueba internacional PISA. MÉTODO. Este trabajo describe cómo se evalúa en el país y cuáles han sido sus resultados en los niveles de 3°, 5° y 9° de educación básica, y, 11º de educación media obligatoria. Para comenzar, se presenta el contexto con las características de estas dos evaluaciones, así como las políticas y acciones abordadas para mejorar la dinámica y calidad de la oferta. RESULTADOS. Por último, se señalan las tendencias en los resultados del proceso educativo de un país que se debate en el dilema de la cobertura educativa, en el que, a pesar de los esfuerzos por mejorar la igualdad y la calidad, no se logran las mejoras en los desempeños de los escolares. DISCUSIÓN. El trabajo histórico-documental aparece como representativo para conocer el grado competencial de los alumnos ya que supone un campo de actividad al que contribuye el conjunto de la comunidad educativa

Meta-omic evaluation of bacterial microbial community structure and activity for the environmental assessment of soils: Overcoming protein extraction pitfalls

Microorganisms play unique, essential and integral roles in the biosphere. This work aims to assess the utility of soil´s metaomics for environmental diagnosis. Doñana National Park (DNP) was selected as a natural lab, since it contains a strictly protected core that is surrounded by numerous threats of pollution. Culture-independent high-throughput molecular tools were used to evaluate the alterations of the global structure and metabolic activities of the microbiome. 16S rRNA sequencing shows lower bacterial abundance and diversity in areas historically exposed to contamination that surround DNP. For metaproteomics, an innovative post-alkaline protein extraction protocol was developed. After NaOH treatment, successive washing with Tris-HCl buffer supplemented with glycerol was essential to eliminate interferences. Starting from soils with different physico-chemical characteristics, the method renders proteins with a remarkable resolution on SDS-PAGE gels. The proteins extracted were analyzed by using an in-house database constructed from the rRNA data. LC-MS/MS analysis identified 2,182 non-redundant proteins, with 135 showing significant differences in relative abundance in the soils around DNP. Relevant global biological processes were altered in response to the environmental changes, such as: protective and antioxidant mechanisms, translation, folding and homeostasis of proteins, membrane transport and aerobic respiratory metabolism

Changes in Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Streptococcus pneumonia after 7-Valent Conjugate Vaccination, Spain

Four new genotypes appeared in 2006 after childhood vaccination was begun

Serotypes and Clonal Composition of Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates Causing IPD in Children and Adults in Catalonia before 2013 to 2015 and after 2017 to 2019 Systematic Introduction of PCV13

The goal of this study was to investigate the distribution of serotypes and clonal composition of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates causing invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in Catalonia, before and after systematic introduction of PCV13. Pneumococcal strains isolated from normally sterile sites obtained from patients of all ages with IPD received between 2013 and 2019 from 25 health centers of Catalonia were included. Two study periods were defined: presystematic vaccination period (2013 and 2015) and systematic vaccination period (SVP) (2017 to 2019). A total of 2,303 isolates were analyzed. In the SVP, there was a significant decrease in the incidence of IPD cases in children 5 to 17 years old (relative risk [RR] 0.61; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.38 to 0.99), while there was a significant increase in the incidence of IPD cases in 18- to 64-year-old adults (RR 1.33; 95% CI 1.16 to 1.52) and adults over 65 years old (RR 1.23; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.38). Serotype 8 was the major emerging serotype in all age groups except in 5- to 17-year-old children. In children younger than 5 years old, the main serotypes in SVP were 24F, 15A, and 3, while in adults older than 65 years they were serotypes 3, 8, and 12F. A significant decrease in the proportions of clonal complexes CC156, CC191, and ST306 and an increase in those of CC180, CC53, and CC404 were observed. A steady decrease in the incidence of IPD caused by PCV13 serotypes indicates the importance and impact of systematic vaccination. The increase of non-PCV13 serotypes highlights the need to expand serotype coverage in future vaccines and rethink vaccination programs for older adults. IMPORTANCE We found that with the incorporation of the PCV13 vaccine, the numbers of IPD cases caused by serotypes included in this vaccine decreased in all of the age groups. Still, there was an unforeseen increase of the serotypes not included in this vaccine causing IPD, especially in the >65-year-old group. Moreover, a significant increase of serotype 3 included in the vaccine has been observed; this event has been reported by other researchers. These facts call for the incorporation of more serotypes in future vaccines and a more thorough surveillance of the dynamics of this microorganism

Trends in invasive bacterial diseases during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic: analyses of prospective surveillance data from 30 countries and territories in the IRIS Consortium.

BACKGROUND The Invasive Respiratory Infection Surveillance (IRIS) Consortium was established to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on invasive diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Streptococcus agalactiae. We aimed to analyse the incidence and distribution of these diseases during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the 2 years preceding the pandemic. METHODS For this prospective analysis, laboratories in 30 countries and territories representing five continents submitted surveillance data from Jan 1, 2018, to Jan 2, 2022, to private projects within databases in PubMLST. The impact of COVID-19 containment measures on the overall number of cases was analysed, and changes in disease distributions by patient age and serotype or group were examined. Interrupted time-series analyses were done to quantify the impact of pandemic response measures and their relaxation on disease rates, and autoregressive integrated moving average models were used to estimate effect sizes and forecast counterfactual trends by hemisphere. FINDINGS Overall, 116 841 cases were analysed: 76 481 in 2018-19, before the pandemic, and 40 360 in 2020-21, during the pandemic. During the pandemic there was a significant reduction in the risk of disease caused by S pneumoniae (risk ratio 0·47; 95% CI 0·40-0·55), H influenzae (0·51; 0·40-0·66) and N meningitidis (0·26; 0·21-0·31), while no significant changes were observed for S agalactiae (1·02; 0·75-1·40), which is not transmitted via the respiratory route. No major changes in the distribution of cases were observed when stratified by patient age or serotype or group. An estimated 36 289 (95% prediction interval 17 145-55 434) cases of invasive bacterial disease were averted during the first 2 years of the pandemic among IRIS-participating countries and territories. INTERPRETATION COVID-19 containment measures were associated with a sustained decrease in the incidence of invasive disease caused by S pneumoniae, H influenzae, and N meningitidis during the first 2 years of the pandemic, but cases began to increase in some countries towards the end of 2021 as pandemic restrictions were lifted. These IRIS data provide a better understanding of microbial transmission, will inform vaccine development and implementation, and can contribute to health-care service planning and provision of policies. FUNDING Wellcome Trust, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Torsten Söderberg Foundation, Stockholm County Council, Swedish Research Council, German Federal Ministry of Health, Robert Koch Institute, Pfizer, Merck, and the Greek National Public Health Organization

Multiomics integrative analysis identifies APOE allele-specific blood biomarkers associated to Alzheimer's disease etiopathogenesis

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, currently affecting 35 million people worldwide. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is the major risk factor for sporadic, late-onset AD (LOAD), which comprises over 95% of AD cases, increasing the risk of AD 4-12 fold. Despite this, the role of APOE in AD pathogenesis is still a mystery. Aiming for a better understanding of APOE-specific effects, the ADAPTED consortium analysed and integrated publicly available data of multiple OMICS technologies from both plasma and brain stratified by APOE haplotype (APOE2, APOE3 and APOE4). Combining genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with differential mRNA and protein expression analyses and single-nuclei transcriptomics, we identified genes and pathways contributing to AD in both APOE dependent and independent fashion. Interestingly, we characterised a set of biomarkers showing plasma and brain consistent protein profiles and opposite trends in APOE2 and APOE4 AD cases that could constitute screening tools for a disease that lacks specific blood biomarkers. Beside the identification of APOE-specific signatures, our findings advocate that this novel approach, based on the concordance across OMIC layers and tissues, is an effective strategy for overcoming the limitations of often underpowered single-OMICS studies

Comparison of epidemiology and clinical characteristics of infections by human parechovirus vs. those by enterovirus during the first month of life

Human parechoviruses (HPeV) have been recently recognized as important viral agents in paediatric infections. The aims of this study were to investigate the HPeV infection prevalence in infants <1 month in Spain and, secondly, to analyse the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the infected patients compared with those infected by enterovirus (EV). Infants <1 month with neurological or systemic symptoms were included in a multicentre prospective study. EV and HPeV detection by RT-PCR and genotyping were performed in cerebrospinal fluids (CSF), sera or throat swabs. Out of the total of 84 infants studied during 2013, 32 were EV positive (38 %) and 9 HPeV positive (11 %). HPeV-3 was identified in eight cases and HPeV-5 in one. Mean age of HPeV-positive patients was 18 days. Diagnoses were fever without source (FWS) (67 %), clinical sepsis (22 %) and encephalitis (11 %). Leukocytes in blood and CSF were normal. Pleocytosis (p = 0.03) and meningitis (p = 0.001) were significantly more frequent in patients with EV infections than with HPeV. Conclusions: Although HPeV-3 infections were detected less frequently than EV, they still account for approximately 10 % of the cases analysed in infants younger than 1 month. HPeV-3 was mainly associated with FWS and without leukocytosis and pleocytosis in CSF. In these cases, HPeV screening is desirable to identify the aetiologic agent and prevent unnecessary treatment and prolonged hospitalization

Las estructuras de Emilio Pérez Piñero en la musealización de dos espacios singulares

In the early 1970s, the Spanish architect Emilio Perez Piñero made structures to cover two museographic spaces that remain to this day as landmarks of musealization from Spanish historical and artistic heritage. They are the Cúpula reticular poliédrica F-12 at the Dali Theater-Museum in Figueres (Girona) and the Cubierta para la Necrópolis Paleocristiana at Tarragona. Both works were constructed after two assignments by the Ministry of Housing and the Ministry of Education and Science, respectively. Due to the premature death of the architect, his brother José María was the one who finished assembling these structures, which have become modern icons of the structural architecture used in museums and heritage preservation