Factores de riesgo asociados a mortalidad neonatal en el servicio de Neonatología del Hospital José Nieborowski de Boaco, Enero a Diciembre del 2014

La mortalidad neonatal se considera un problema de salud pública y es el indicador básico para valorar la calidad de la atención en salud del recién nacido en una determinada área geográfica o en un servicio. Conocer datos actualizados de los factores de riesgo asociados a esta, permitirá que sean beneficiados, en primer instancia, madre-hijo/a de manera significativa para evitar la mortalidad neonatal. El objetivo general de este estudio fue conocer los factores de riesgo asociados a mortalidad neonatal en el servicio de neonatología del hospital José Nieborowski-Boaco de enero a diciembre de 2014, en el cual se planteó la hipótesis de que la procedencia materna rural, el periodo intergenésico corto, las patologías durante el embarazo, la prematuridad y bajo peso al nacer del neonato son factores que aumenta el riesgo de fallecer antes de los 28 días de nacido. Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico, de casos y controles, tomando una muestra de 21 casos, a cada uno de los casos se le designó 2 controles, los cuales fueron elegidos al azar. Debido a que al momento de recolección de la información uno de los casos no cumplió con los criterios de inclusión, resulta una muestra total de 20 casos y 40 controles. La información fue procesada en el programa estadístico SPSS 22 y en el programa Open Epi 3.03, este último utilizado para el análisis en tablas 2x2 y la estimación del OR. Los principales resultados se presentan en cuadros y gráficos en Word 2013. Los factores de riesgo de muerte neonatal identificados en el estudio y que presentaron significancia estadística fueron los siguientes: De los factores socio-demográficos, la procedencia rural de las madres y el bajo nivel académico aumentan el riesgo de muerte neonatal. De los factores maternos la multiparidad y el haberse realizado menos de 4 controles prenatales aumenta el riesgo de muerte neonatal. Con respecto a los factores de riesgo propios del neonato el hecho de ser pretérmino, haber nacido con un peso menor de 2500 gramos y presentar malformaciones congénitas aumenta el riesgo de mortalidad neonatal. Considerando los resultados encontrados en la presente investigación, se recomienda al Ministerio de Salud de Boaco, hacer especial énfasis en la implementación correcta de los programas y estrategias de salud en los niveles de atención primaria, ya que son el primer contacto para la identificación de factores de riesgo que favorecen la muerte neonatal, facilitando la referencia oportuna a un segundo nivel de atenció

Distinct ubiquitin binding modes exhibited by SH3 domains: Molecular determinants and functional implications

SH3 domains constitute a new type of ubiquitin-binding domains. We previously showed that the third SH3 domain (SH3-C) of CD2AP binds ubiquitin in an alternative orientation. We have determined the structure of the complex between first CD2AP SH3 domain and ubiquitin and performed a structural and mutational analysis to decipher the determinants of the SH3-C binding mode to ubiquitin. We found that the Phe-to-Tyr mutation in CD2AP and in the homologous CIN85 SH3-C domain does not abrogate ubiquitin binding, in contrast to previous hypothesis and our findings for the first two CD2AP SH3 domains. The similar alternative binding mode of the SH3-C domains of these related adaptor proteins is characterised by a higher affinity to C-terminal extended ubiquitin molecules. We conclude that CD2AP/CIN85 SH3-C domain interaction with ubiquitin constitutes a new ubiquitin-binding mode involved in a different cellular function and thus changes the previously established mechanism of EGF-dependent CD2AP/CIN85 mono-ubiquitination. © 2013 Ortega Roldan et al

“Mejora de método de trabajo para incrementar la productividad del proceso de laminación del tren modulador 1 en la empresa Siderúrgica del Perú S.A.A”

La investigación tuvo como objetivo principal demostrar que la Mejora de método de trabajo incrementa la productividad del proceso de laminación del tren modulador 1 en la Empresa Siderúrgica del Perú S.A.A, para ello se utilizó un diseño pre-experimental con pre-prueba y post-prueba, donde la muestra se conformó por la productividad en el proceso de laminación del año 2017, utilizó la encuesta y el análisis documental como técnicas de recolección de datos, el análisis de datos se realizó con las técnicas e instrumentos de la Mejora de Método de Trabajo. Los resultados obtenidos indican que existen deficiencias en el tiempo del proceso debido a que no se cuenta con un estudio de tiempos. El tiempo actual obtenido empíricamente, es de 51.4 segundos en el procesamiento de barras corrugadas. Se determinó un nivel productivo de 25 tn/h con 12 operarios por turno de trabajo, una productividad de mano de obra igual a 16.67 tn/operario/h, productividad económica total de 1.21 y un rendimiento de materia prima de 96.62%. Posterior a la mejora de métodos de trabajo se aumentó la productividad de mano de obra en 1.50% y el rendimiento de materia prima en 0.05%. Se concluyó que la mejora en el método de trabajo permitió un incremento en la productividad del proceso de laminación del TM1 en 1.5%, estableciendo la existencia de diferencias significativas entre la productividad previa y posterior a la mejora, con un estadístico T = -330.37 y p<0.05

Accurate characterization of weak macromolecular interactions by titration of NMR residual dipolar couplings: application to the CD2AP SH3-C:ubiquitin complex

The description of the interactome represents one of key challenges remaining for structural biology. Physiologically important weak interactions, with dissociation constants above 100 μM, are remarkably common, but remain beyond the reach of most of structural biology. NMR spectroscopy, and in particular, residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) provide crucial conformational constraints on intermolecular orientation in molecular complexes, but the combination of free and bound contributions to the measured RDC seriously complicates their exploitation for weakly interacting partners. We develop a robust approach for the determination of weak complexes based on: (i) differential isotopic labeling of the partner proteins facilitating RDC measurement in both partners; (ii) measurement of RDC changes upon titration into different equilibrium mixtures of partially aligned free and complex forms of the proteins; (iii) novel analytical approaches to determine the effective alignment in all equilibrium mixtures; and (iv) extraction of precise RDCs for bound forms of both partner proteins. The approach is demonstrated for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of the weakly interacting CD2AP SH3-C:Ubiquitin complex (Kd = 132 ± 13 μM) and is shown, using cross-validation, to be highly precise. We expect this methodology to extend the remarkable and unique ability of NMR to study weak protein–protein complexes

Oxide wizard : an EELS application to characterize the white lines of transition metal edges

Physicochemical properties of transition metal oxides are directly determined by the oxidation state of the metallic cations. To address the increasing need to accurately evaluate the oxidation states of transition metal oxide systems at the nanoscale, here we present Oxide Wizard. This script for Digital Micrograph characterizes the energy-loss near-edge structure and the position of the transition metal edges in the electron energy-loss spectrum. These characteristics of the edges can be linked to the oxidation states of transition metals with high spatial resolution. The power of the script is demonstrated by mapping manganese oxidation states in Fe3O4/Mn3O4 core/shell nanoparticles with sub-nanometer resolution in real space

Effect of Supervised over Self-Performed Eccentric Exercise on Lateral Elbow Tendinopathy: A Pilot Study

Background: The efficacy of eccentric exercise self-performed by the patient has not been proved in the treatment of lateral elbow tendinopathy (LET). The aim of this study was to compare the effects of a programme of eccentric exercises applied by a physiotherapist to patients with LET through a structured manual programme compared to its self-performance, guided by an illustrated brochure. Method: A single-blind, pilot, randomised, controlled trial was conducted. Twenty patients were randomised. The intervention group carried out eccentric exercises applied directly by a physiotherapist (10 sessions). The control group carried out eccentric exercises that were self-performed by the patient (10 sessions). Both groups received simulated ultrasounds. Pain (visual analogue scale (VAS)), function (DASH questionnaire) and satisfaction (with a Likert scale) were measured at the beginning of the intervention, immediately after the intervention and 3 months after the intervention. Results: The mean age was 53.17 and 54.25 years old. The experimental group presented a greater tendency to improve function (DASH −15.91) and reduce pain (VAS −2.88) compared to the control group, although these differences were not significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Eccentric exercise, both performed by the physiotherapist and self-performed by the patient, improved function and pain in the patients with LET.Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag

Membrane insertion of soluble CLIC1 into active chloride channels is triggered by specific divalent cations

The CLIC family of proteins display the unique feature of altering their structure from a soluble form to a membrane-bound chloride channel. CLIC1, a member of this family, can be found in the cytoplasm or in nuclear, ER and plasma membranes, with membrane overexpression linked to tumour proliferation. The molecular switch promoting CLIC1 membrane insertion has been related to environmental factors, but still remains unclear. Here, we use solution NMR studies to confirm that both the soluble and membrane bound forms are in the same oxidation state. Our data from fluorescence assays and chloride efflux assays indicate that Ca2+ and Zn2+ trigger association to the membrane into active chloride channels. We use fluorescence microscopy to confirm that an increase of the intracellular Ca2+ leads to re-localisation of CLIC1 to both plasma and internal membranes. Finally, we show that soluble CLIC1 adopts an equilibrium of oligomeric species, and Ca2+/Zn2+ mediated membrane insertion promotes the formation of a tetrameric assembly. Thus, our results identify Ca2+ and Zn2+ binding as the molecular switch promoting CLIC1 membrane insertion.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT CLIC1, a member of the CLIC family of proteins, is expressed as a soluble protein in cells but can insert in the membrane forming a chloride channel. This chloride channel form is upregulated in different types of cancers including glioblastoma and promote tumour invasiveness and metastasis. The factors promoting CLIC1 membrane insertion nor the mechanism of this process are yet understood. Here, we use a combination of solution NMR, biophysics and fluorescence microscopy to identify Ca2+ and Zn2+ binding as the switch to promote CLIC1 insertion into the membrane to form active chloride channels. We also provide a simple mechanism how such transition to the membrane occurs. Such understanding will enable subsequent studies on the structure of the chloride channel form and its inhibition

Solution NMR studies reveal the location of the second transmembrane domain of the human sigma-1 receptor

The sigma-1 receptor (S1R) is a ligand-regulated membrane chaperone protein associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress response, and modulation of ion channel activities at the plasma membrane. We report here a solution NMR study of a S1R construct (S1R(?35)) in which only the first transmembrane domain and the eight-residue N-terminus have been removed. The second transmembrane helix is found to be composed of residues 91–107, which corresponds to the first steroid binding domain-like region. The cytosolic domain is found to contain three helices, and the secondary structure and backbone dynamics of the chaperone domain are consistent with that determined previously for the chaperone domain alone. The position of TM2 provides a framework for ongoing studies of S1R ligand binding and oligomerisation

Oxide wizard: an EELS application to characterize the white lines of transition metal edges

Physicochemical properties of transition metal oxides are directly determined by the oxidation state of the metallic cations. To address the increasing need to accurately evaluate the oxidation states of transition metal oxide systems at the nanoscale, here we present Oxide Wizard. This script for Digital Micrograph characterizes the energy-loss near-edge structure and the position of the transition metal edges in the electron energy-loss spectrum. These characteristics of the edges can be linked to the oxidation states of transition metals with high spatial resolution. The power of the script is demonstrated by mapping manganese oxidation states in Fe3O4/Mn3O4 core/shell nanoparticles with sub-nanometer resolution in real spac

Establishing a Metabolite Extraction Method to Study the Metabolome of Blastocystis Using NMR

Blastocystis is an opportunistic parasite commonly found in the intestines of humans and other animals. Despite its high prevalence, knowledge regarding Blastocystis biology within and out-side the host is limited. Analysis of the metabolites produced by this anaerobe could provide in-sights that can help map its metabolism and determine its role in both health and disease. Due to its controversial pathogenicity, these metabolites could define its deterministic role in microbi-ome’s “health” and/or subsequently resolve Blastocystis’ potential impact in gastrointestinal health. A common method for elucidating the presence of these metabolites is through 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). However, there are currently no described benchmarked methods available to extract metabolites from Blastocystis for 1H NMR analysis. Herein, several extrac-tion solvents, lysis methods and incubation temperatures were compared for their usefulness as an extraction protocol for this protozoan. Following extraction, the samples were freeze-dried, re-solubilized and analysed with 1H NMR. The results demonstrate that carrying out the proce-dure at room temperature using methanol as an extraction solvent and bead bashing as a lysis technique provides a consistent, reproducible and efficient method to extract metabolites from Blastocystis for NMR