7 research outputs found
5to. Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, TecnologĂa e InnovaciĂłn para la Sociedad. Memoria acadĂ©mica
El V Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, TecnologĂa e InnovaciĂłn para la Sociedad, CITIS 2019, realizado del 6 al 8 de febrero de 2019 y organizado por la Universidad PolitĂ©cnica Salesiana, ofreciĂł a la comunidad acadĂ©mica nacional e internacional una plataforma de comunicaciĂłn unificada, dirigida a cubrir los problemas teĂłricos y prĂĄcticos de mayor impacto en la sociedad moderna desde la ingenierĂa.
En esta edición, dedicada a los 25 años de vida de la UPS, los ejes temåticos estuvieron relacionados con la aplicación de la ciencia, el desarrollo tecnológico y la innovación en cinco pilares fundamentales de nuestra sociedad: la industria, la movilidad, la sostenibilidad ambiental, la información y las telecomunicaciones.
El comitĂ© cientĂfico estuvo conformado formado por 48 investigadores procedentes de diez paĂses: España, Reino Unido, Italia, BĂ©lgica, MĂ©xico, Venezuela, Colombia, Brasil, Estados Unidos y Ecuador.
Fueron recibidas un centenar de contribuciones, de las cuales 39 fueron aprobadas en forma de ponencias y 15 en formato poster. Estas contribuciones fueron presentadas de forma oral ante toda la comunidad acadĂ©mica que se dio cita en el Congreso, quienes desde el aula magna, el auditorio y la sala de usos mĂșltiples de la Universidad PolitĂ©cnica Salesiana, cumplieron respetuosamente la responsabilidad de representar a toda la sociedad en la revisiĂłn, aceptaciĂłn y validaciĂłn del conocimiento nuevo que fue presentado en cada exposiciĂłn por los investigadores.
Paralelo a las sesiones tĂ©cnicas, el Congreso contĂł con espacios de presentaciĂłn de posters cientĂficos y cinco workshops en temĂĄticas de vanguardia que cautivaron la atenciĂłn de nuestros docentes y estudiantes. TambiĂ©n en el marco del evento se impartieron un total de ocho conferencias magistrales en temas tan actuales como la gestiĂłn del conocimiento en la universidad-ecosistema, los retos y oportunidades de la industria 4.0, los avances de la investigaciĂłn bĂĄsica y aplicada en mecatrĂłnica para el estudio de robots de nueva generaciĂłn, la optimizaciĂłn en ingenierĂa con tĂ©cnicas multi-objetivo, el desarrollo de las redes avanzadas en LatinoamĂ©rica y los mundos, la contaminaciĂłn del aire debido al trĂĄnsito vehicular, el radĂłn y los riesgos que representa este gas radiactivo para la salud humana, entre otros
Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)
Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters.
Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs).
Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001).
Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio
Intraperitoneal drain placement and outcomes after elective colorectal surgery: international matched, prospective, cohort study
Despite current guidelines, intraperitoneal drain placement after elective colorectal surgery remains widespread. Drains were not associated with earlier detection of intraperitoneal collections, but were associated with prolonged hospital stay and increased risk of surgical-site infections.Background Many surgeons routinely place intraperitoneal drains after elective colorectal surgery. However, enhanced recovery after surgery guidelines recommend against their routine use owing to a lack of clear clinical benefit. This study aimed to describe international variation in intraperitoneal drain placement and the safety of this practice. Methods COMPASS (COMPlicAted intra-abdominal collectionS after colorectal Surgery) was a prospective, international, cohort study which enrolled consecutive adults undergoing elective colorectal surgery (February to March 2020). The primary outcome was the rate of intraperitoneal drain placement. Secondary outcomes included: rate and time to diagnosis of postoperative intraperitoneal collections; rate of surgical site infections (SSIs); time to discharge; and 30-day major postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo grade at least III). After propensity score matching, multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to estimate the independent association of the secondary outcomes with drain placement. Results Overall, 1805 patients from 22 countries were included (798 women, 44.2 per cent; median age 67.0 years). The drain insertion rate was 51.9 per cent (937 patients). After matching, drains were not associated with reduced rates (odds ratio (OR) 1.33, 95 per cent c.i. 0.79 to 2.23; P = 0.287) or earlier detection (hazard ratio (HR) 0.87, 0.33 to 2.31; P = 0.780) of collections. Although not associated with worse major postoperative complications (OR 1.09, 0.68 to 1.75; P = 0.709), drains were associated with delayed hospital discharge (HR 0.58, 0.52 to 0.66; P < 0.001) and an increased risk of SSIs (OR 2.47, 1.50 to 4.05; P < 0.001). Conclusion Intraperitoneal drain placement after elective colorectal surgery is not associated with earlier detection of postoperative collections, but prolongs hospital stay and increases SSI risk
Cuentos de nunca acabar. Aproximaciones desde la interculturalidad
Cuentos de nunca acabar. Aproximaciones desde la interculturalidad, surge despuĂ©s de la pandemia y su imposibilidad de socializar âen personaâ con los compañeros de eventuales encuentros, porque la ComprensiĂłn Lectora tenĂa que reinventarse para su nueva reflexiĂłn cognitiva, adaptaciĂłn contextual y reconstrucciĂłn del conocimiento. Este renovado enfoque de la realidad postpandemia, concebido en el marco de la educaciĂłn intercultural comunitaria, busca potencializar los entornos naturales, sociales y culturales como recursos de aprendizaje multidisciplinario a travĂ©s del lenguaje animado de los cuentos. En este marco, habĂa que dinamizar la asignatura de ComunicaciĂłn Oral y Escrita, que se dicta en los Primeros Niveles de los Centros de Apoyo de Otavalo, Cayambe, Latacunga y Riobamba, mediante un eje transversal donde los estudiantes escriban fundamentados en valores de la cosmovisiĂłn andina, considerando que provienen de varios lugares de la sierra y amazonĂa ecuatoriana.
Todo surgiĂł del encuentro presencial de un sĂĄbado cualquiera donde los estudiantes realizaban ejercicios narrativos, logrando una apreciable respuesta de imaginaciĂłn, mĂĄs emotiva que la clĂĄsica tarea de las Unidades, tanto asĂ que, pasados unos dĂas, seguĂan llegando sus escritos a mi correo. Entonces nos pusimos manos a la obra, cada estudiante tendrĂa dos opciones como Actividad Integradora, la primera consistĂa en escribir un cuento de su propia inspiraciĂłn, y la segunda analizar un clĂĄsico para comentar sus valores y antivalores. La mayor parte de estudiantes decidiĂł escribir su propio cuento, de donde se escogieron algunas participaciones que podrĂan considerarse originales, para una ediciĂłn que, respetando la transcripciĂłn de la tradiciĂłn oral que prima en los sectores comunitarios, nos concretamos en revisar la puntuaciĂłn y ortografĂa para publicarlos. Con esto buscamos innovar la Actividad Integradora, por algo mĂĄs prĂĄctico y operativo para configurar los Objetos de Aprendizaje que buscamos. AsĂ naciĂł, en medio del camino, este libro de Cuentos de nunca acabar. Aproximaciones desde la interculturalidad, que ponemos en sus manos.
HernĂĄn Hermosa Mantilla Quito, junio de 202
Mejoramiento de productividad y calidad del proceso de corte en los frentes de transformadores PADMOUNTED
Los frentes de los transformadores tipo padmounted poseen un nĂșmero determinado de perforaciones donde se colocarĂĄn los distintos accesorios del transformador. En la actualidad el proceso se lo realiza utilizando herramientas de corte ordinarias. La herramienta estĂĄ sujeta por su vĂĄstago y acoplada a un taladro radial. La remociĂłn de material se consigue por desprendimiento de viruta hasta obtener la cavidad o agujero. Los accesorios montados en las perforaciones del frente de los transformadores tipo padmounted, llevan empaques circulares de caucho nitrilo, que se deben asentar completamente sobre la superficie del frente, para evitar fugas de aceite dielĂ©ctrico contenido dentro del transformador..
Venetoclax is a potent hepsin inhibitor that reduces the metastatic and prothrombotic phenotypes of hepsin-expressing colorectal cancer cells
Introduction: Hepsin is a type II transmembrane serine protease and its expression has been linked to greater tumorigenicity and worse prognosis in different tumors. Recently, our group demonstrated that high hepsin levels from primary tumor were associated with a higher risk of metastasis and thrombosis in localized colorectal cancer patients. This study aims to explore the molecular role of hepsin in colorectal cancer.Methods: Hepsin levels in plasma from resected and metastatic colorectal cancer patients were analyzed by ELISA. The effect of hepsin levels on cell migration, invasion, and proliferation, as well as on the activation of crucial cancer signaling pathways, was performed in vitro using colorectal cancer cells. A thrombin generation assay determined the procoagulant function of hepsin from these cells. A virtual screening of a database containing more than 2000 FDA-approved compounds was performed to screen hepsin inhibitors, and selected compounds were tested in vitro for their ability to suppress hepsin effects in colorectal cancer cells. Xenotransplantation assays were done in zebrafish larvae to study the impact of venetoclax on invasion promoted by hepsin.Results: Our results showed higher plasma hepsin levels in metastatic patients, among which, hepsin was higher in those suffering thrombosis. Hepsin overexpression increased colorectal cancer cell invasion, Erk1/2 and STAT3 phosphorylation, and thrombin generation in plasma. In addition, we identified venetoclax as a potent hepsin inhibitor that reduced the metastatic and prothrombotic phenotypes of hepsin-expressing colorectal cancer cells. Interestingly, pretreatment with Venetoclax of cells overexpressing hepsin reduced their invasiveness in vivo.Discussion: Our results demonstrate that hepsin overexpression correlates with a more aggressive and prothrombotic tumor phenotype. Likewise, they demonstrate the antitumor role of venetoclax as a hepsin inhibitor, laying the groundwork for molecular-targeted therapy for colorectal cancer
Safety and efficacy of intraperitoneal drain placement after emergency colorectal surgery. An international, prospective cohort study
Intraperitoneal drains are often placed during emergency colorectal surgery. However, there is a lack of evidence supporting their use. This study aimed to describe the efficacy and safety of intraperitoneal drain placement after emergency colorectal surgery. Method: COMPlicAted intra-abdominal collectionS after colorectal Surgery (COMPASS) is a prospective, international, cohort study into which consecutive adult patients undergoing emergency colorectal surgery were enrolled (from 3 February 2020 to 8 March 2020). The primary outcome was the rate of intraperitoneal drain placement. Secondary outcomes included rate and time-to-diagnosis of postoperative intraperitoneal collections, rate of surgical site infections (SSIs), time to discharge and 30-day major postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo III-V). Multivariable logistic and Cox proportional hazards regressions were used to estimate the independent association of the outcomes with drain placement. Results: Some 725 patients (median age 68.0âyears; 349 [48.1%] women) from 22 countries were included. The drain insertion rate was 53.7% (389 patients). Following multivariable adjustment, drains were not significantly associated with reduced rates (odds ratio [OR] =â1.56, 95% CI: 0.48-5.02, pâ=â0.457) or earlier detection (hazard ratio [HR] =â1.07, 95% CI: 0.61-1.90, pâ=â0.805) of collections. Drains were not significantly associated with worse major postoperative complications (ORâ=â1.26, 95% CI: 0.67-2.36, pâ=â0.478), delayed hospital discharge (HRâ=â1.11, 95% CI: 0.91-1.36, pâ=â0.303) or increased risk of SSIs (ORâ=â1.61, 95% CI: 0.87-2.99, pâ=â0.128). Conclusion: This is the first study investigating placement of intraperitoneal drains following emergency colorectal surgery. The safety and clinical benefit of drains remain uncertain. Equipoise exists for randomized trials to define the safety and efficacy of drains in emergency colorectal surgery