Incidencia de Factores Socioemocionales en el Rendimiento Académico de Estudiantes de Secundaria

Objetivo: Estudiar cómo el desarrollo de las habilidades sociales y la inteligencia emocional, influyen en el desempeño académico de los estudiantes de secundaria.  Método: En este artículo se busca analizar de forma cuantitativa y mediante las técnicas de análisis no supervisado: Análisis de Componentes Principales (PCA), Clúster Jerárquicos y Reglas de Asociación, la incidencia en el rendimiento académico, de factores socio-emocionales y de estilos de aprendizaje, para una muestra de 494 estudiantes de secundaria de la Institución Educativa Ciudad Verde de Soacha Cundinamarca, Colombia. Resultados: Desde los resultados del estudio se concluye heterogeneidad en el desarrollo de las habilidades sociales, la inteligencia emocional y los estilos de aprendizaje de los estudiantes, de forma que se observan distintos niveles de asociación entre estos factores y el rendimiento académico. Discusión y Conclusiones: También se identifican tres grupos o clusters de estudiantes, desde los cuales es posible plantear sugerencias para la implementación de estrategias en la institución educativa, que buscan fortalecer su formación integral y mejorar su calidad educativa

Intoxicación crónica con el fruto maduro de karwinskia humboldtiana en ratas wistar: daño renal

Karwinskia humboldtiana (Kh) es un arbusto venenoso responsable de numerosos casos de intoxicación accidental en humanos. En la literatura se ha descrito a la intoxicación crónica con Kh como uno polineuropatía sin describir si existen o no alteraciones en órganos distintos al SNC y SNP como lo es el riñón. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la morfología renal en un modelo de intoxicación crónica con Kh. Se utilizaron 32 ratas Wistar, se dividieron en cuatro grupos (n=8) en donde 5 ratas de cada grupo fueron intoxicadas y 3 fueron control no intoxicadas. A las ratas intoxicadas se les administraron por vía oral 3,5 g/kg del fruto seco y molido de Kh fraccionados en 5 dosis de 1,5; 0,5; 0,5; 0,5 y 0,5 g/kg los días 0, 3, 7, 10 y 14 respectivamente. Las ratas control solo recibieron agua. Cada grupo fue sacrificado a diferentes tiempos según la evolución de la parálisis. Se obtuvieron muestras de riñón, se procesaron hasta obtener bloques de parafina y resinas epóxicas, se obtuvieron cortes y se tiñeron y contrastaron para su observación al microscopio de luz y electrónico de transmisión (MET) respectivamente. A microscopia de luz identificamos congestión vascular, necrosis de los túbulos contorneados y fibrosis de la cápsula de renal, en la etapa de parálisis se realizo un conteo de los glomérulos afectados en las muestras tratadas con Kh, a MET además de los hallazgos previamente descritos se identificó la presencia de abundantes depósitos de matriz extracelular en la membrana basal de la cápsula renal y en la barrera de filtración de todos los grupos intoxicados, siendo más evidentes en el grupo de recuperación, lo que demuestra que la intoxicación crónica con Kh es una intoxicación sistémica y no exclusiva del SNC y SNP

La comunicación como espacio de resistencia

Actores sociales, medios comunitarios e interculturalidad son fundamentales para entender a la comunicación como espacio de resistencia. Esta publicación reúne una serie de de investigaciones en distintos contextos en los cuales la comunicación cumple un papel fundamental en términos del derechos a la resistencia. Plantea una discusión teórica y aborda la comunicación desde el ejercicio de participación democrática

Global overview of the management of acute cholecystitis during the COVID-19 pandemic (CHOLECOVID study)

Background: This study provides a global overview of the management of patients with acute cholecystitis during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: CHOLECOVID is an international, multicentre, observational comparative study of patients admitted to hospital with acute cholecystitis during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data on management were collected for a 2-month study interval coincident with the WHO declaration of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and compared with an equivalent pre-pandemic time interval. Mediation analysis examined the influence of SARS-COV-2 infection on 30-day mortality. Results: This study collected data on 9783 patients with acute cholecystitis admitted to 247 hospitals across the world. The pandemic was associated with reduced availability of surgical workforce and operating facilities globally, a significant shift to worse severity of disease, and increased use of conservative management. There was a reduction (both absolute and proportionate) in the number of patients undergoing cholecystectomy from 3095 patients (56.2 per cent) pre-pandemic to 1998 patients (46.2 per cent) during the pandemic but there was no difference in 30-day all-cause mortality after cholecystectomy comparing the pre-pandemic interval with the pandemic (13 patients (0.4 per cent) pre-pandemic to 13 patients (0.6 per cent) pandemic; P = 0.355). In mediation analysis, an admission with acute cholecystitis during the pandemic was associated with a non-significant increased risk of death (OR 1.29, 95 per cent c.i. 0.93 to 1.79, P = 0.121). Conclusion: CHOLECOVID provides a unique overview of the treatment of patients with cholecystitis across the globe during the first months of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The study highlights the need for system resilience in retention of elective surgical activity. Cholecystectomy was associated with a low risk of mortality and deferral of treatment results in an increase in avoidable morbidity that represents the non-COVID cost of this pandemic

Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19-free surgical pathways during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19-Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19-free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19-free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS: Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19-free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19-free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score-matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION: Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19-free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Morphometric variation of the Herichthys bartoni (Bean, 1892) species group (Teleostei: Cichlidae): How many species comprise H. labridens (Pellegrin, 1903)?

Cichlids of the tribe Heroini have long been a source of taxonomical conflict. In particular, the species included in the Herichthys bartoni group have failed to be recovered as monophyletic in different molecular studies. In this paper we use traditional and geometric morphometrics to evaluate morphological variation in the species included in the H. bartoni complex in order to evaluate the number of species it contains. An update of a previously published DNA barcoding study suggests the existence of three genetic clusters that included the six recognized species analyzed in this study, none of them recovered as monophyletic. On the other hand, geometric morphometrics arise as a useful tool to discriminate species due that traditional morphometrics showed a high overlap in the characters analyzed that prevents the proposal of diagnostic characters

Morphometric variation of the Herichthys bartoni (Bean, 1892) species group (Teleostei: Cichlidae): How many species comprise H. labridens (Pellegrin, 1903)?

Cichlids of the tribe Heroini have long been a source of taxonomical conflict. In particular, the species included in the Herichthys bartoni group have failed to be recovered as monophyletic in different molecular studies. In this paper we use traditional and geometric morphometrics to evaluate morphological variation in the species included in the H. bartoni complex in order to evaluate the number of species it contains. An update of a previously published DNA barcoding study suggests the existence of three genetic clusters that included the six recognized species analyzed in this study, none of them recovered as monophyletic. On the other hand, geometric morphometrics arise as a useful tool to discriminate species due that traditional morphometrics showed a high overlap in the characters analyzed that prevents the proposal of diagnostic characters