Intervención psiquiátrica en programa de trasplantes

ResumenEn los últimos años la Psiquiatría de Enlace e Interconsulta ha experimentado un salto cualitativo, acercándose al espacio común del resto de las especialidades médicas: el hospital general. La participación de psiquiatras en programas clínicos específicos como las unidades de trasplantes de órganos sólidos tiene fundamentaciones técnicas precisas dada la correlación entre síntomas psíquicos y las características clínicas específicas de las enfermedades médicas que requieren de este procedimiento. Cada vez hay una mayor preocupación en los clínicos y cirujanos en relación a los factores psíquicos que obstaculizan la adherencia a los tratamientos e indicaciones médicas tanto antes como después de efectuado el trasplante. La población de pacientes pre y post-trasplantados exhiben elevadas tasas de cuadros psiquiátricos específicos que ameritan un tratamiento coordinado multidisciplinario. El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar la experiencia inicial que estamos desarrollando en la Unidad de Trasplantes de Clínica Las Condes.SummaryIn recent years consultation-liaison psychiatry has experienced a quantum leap closer to the common space of the other medical specialties: the general hospital. The participation in clinical programs such as the units of solid organ transplants have required technical arguments given the correlation between psychiatric symptoms and the clinical features of specific medical illness that require this procedure. During the last time, there have been and increasingly concern among clinicians and surgeons in regard to the psychological factors that affect the adherence to treatment and medical advice before and after transplant. The population concerning pre and post transplantation issues, exhibits significant rates of specifics psychiatric disorders which require evaluation and drug treatment specialist coordination. The aim of this paper is to show the initial experience we have developed in the transplant unit of Clínica Las Condes, concerning psychiatric and psychosocial issues

Genomic heterogeneity underlies multidrug resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A population-level analysis beyond susceptibility testing.

BACKGROUND: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a persistent and difficult-to-treat pathogen in many patients, especially those with Cystic Fibrosis (CF). Herein, we describe a longitudinal analysis of a series of multidrug resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa isolates recovered in a 17-month period, from a young female CF patient who underwent double lung transplantation. Our goal was to understand the genetic basis of the observed resistance phenotypes, establish the genomic population diversity, and define the nature of sequence evolution over time. METHODS: Twenty-two sequential P. aeruginosa isolates were obtained within a 17-month period, before and after a double-lung transplant. At the end of the study period, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, whole genome sequencing (WGS), phylogenetic analyses and RNAseq were performed in order to understand the genetic basis of the observed resistance phenotypes, establish the genomic population diversity, and define the nature of sequence changes over time. RESULTS: The majority of isolates were resistant to almost all tested antibiotics. A phylogenetic reconstruction revealed 3 major clades representing a genotypically and phenotypically heterogeneous population. The pattern of mutation accumulation and variation of gene expression suggested that a group of closely related strains was present in the patient prior to transplantation and continued to change throughout the course of treatment. A trend toward accumulation of mutations over time was observed. Different mutations in the DNA mismatch repair gene mutL consistent with a hypermutator phenotype were observed in two clades. RNAseq performed on 12 representative isolates revealed substantial differences in the expression of genes associated with antibiotic resistance and virulence traits. CONCLUSIONS: The overwhelming current practice in the clinical laboratories setting relies on obtaining a pure culture and reporting the antibiogram from a few isolated colonies to inform therapy decisions. Our analyses revealed significant underlying genomic heterogeneity and unpredictable evolutionary patterns that were independent of prior antibiotic treatment, highlighting the need for comprehensive sampling and population-level analysis when gathering microbiological data in the context of CF P. aeruginosa chronic infection. Our findings challenge the applicability of antimicrobial stewardship programs based on single-isolate resistance profiles for the selection of antibiotic regimens in chronic infections such as CF

Genome-wide association analysis of dementia and its clinical endophenotypes reveal novel loci associated with Alzheimer's disease and three causality networks : The GR@ACE project

Introduction: Large variability among Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases might impact genetic discoveries and complicate dissection of underlying biological pathways. Methods: Genome Research at Fundacio ACE (GR@ACE) is a genome-wide study of dementia and its clinical endophenotypes, defined based on AD's clinical certainty and vascular burden. We assessed the impact of known AD loci across endophenotypes to generate loci categories. We incorporated gene coexpression data and conducted pathway analysis per category. Finally, to evaluate the effect of heterogeneity in genetic studies, GR@ACE series were meta-analyzed with additional genome-wide association study data sets. Results: We classified known AD loci into three categories, which might reflect the disease clinical heterogeneity. Vascular processes were only detected as a causal mechanism in probable AD. The meta-analysis strategy revealed the ANKRD31-rs4704171 and NDUFAF6-rs10098778 and confirmed SCIMP-rs7225151 and CD33-rs3865444. Discussion: The regulation of vasculature is a prominent causal component of probable AD. GR@ACE meta-analysis revealed novel AD genetic signals, strongly driven by the presence of clinical heterogeneity in the AD series

The Seventeenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: Complete Release of MaNGA, MaStar and APOGEE-2 Data

This paper documents the seventeenth data release (DR17) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys; the fifth and final release from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). DR17 contains the complete release of the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey, which reached its goal of surveying over 10,000 nearby galaxies. The complete release of the MaNGA Stellar Library (MaStar) accompanies this data, providing observations of almost 30,000 stars through the MaNGA instrument during bright time. DR17 also contains the complete release of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) survey which publicly releases infra-red spectra of over 650,000 stars. The main sample from the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), as well as the sub-survey Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS) data were fully released in DR16. New single-fiber optical spectroscopy released in DR17 is from the SPectroscipic IDentification of ERosita Survey (SPIDERS) sub-survey and the eBOSS-RM program. Along with the primary data sets, DR17 includes 25 new or updated Value Added Catalogs (VACs). This paper concludes the release of SDSS-IV survey data. SDSS continues into its fifth phase with observations already underway for the Milky Way Mapper (MWM), Local Volume Mapper (LVM) and Black Hole Mapper (BHM) surveys

Hacia una nueva conciencia de la información Un enfoque diferente en la enseñanza de Bibliotecología

I - Antecedentes de la reforma A raíz del Encuentro Latinoamericano de Directores de Escuelas de Bibliotecología (1), celebrado en la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, bajo los auspicios de ICFES, FID/CLAy Unesco, surgió en el Departamento la inquie­tud de someter el currículo vigente a un análisis crítico profundo, teniendo en cuenta no solo los análisis y conclusiones de dicho Encuentro, sino tam­bién los problemas detectados en varios estudios hechos en el país, especial­mente el Informe Seehur. (2

Ciencia de la información y bibliotecologia Apuntes para un Análisis Epistemológico

Sin lugar a dudas, la información se ha convertido en los tiempos actua­les en un factor clave en las diversas dinámicas de desarrollo nacional y de las relaciones internacionales, hasta llegar a considerarla como un factor deter­minado de lo que se están dado en llamar un 'nuevo orden internacional". Al rededor de la importancia creciente dada a la información se ha iniciado una nueva disciplina científica, la cual surge como resultado del análisis de los problemas generales por el crecimiento exponencial del cono­cimiento y por la investigación realizada sobre la probelmática de la comuni­cación, notablemente complicada por el desarrollo de los llamados medios masivos

Confidencialidad en psiquiatría

La confidencialidad ha acompañado al ejercicio de la medicina desde sus inicios. Para la psiquiatría su aplicación, sus restricciones y sus excepciones constituyen una parte nuclear de su propia existencia como especialidad médica. El paciente asiste al psiquiatra con la convicción a priori de que compartirá información relevante e íntima con una persona capacitada para recibirla en forma empática, que respetará aspectos valóricos y socioculturales y que emitirá una opinión acerca de síntomas mentales y conductuales proponiendo un esquema de tratamiento. La complejización de la medicina, la tendencia al trabajo interdisciplinario dentro de las instituciones de salud, ha provocado erosiones y cambios en la aplicación de la confidencialidad. Los aspectos legales y la influencia de los administradores de salud, los distintos tipos de registro de la información junto a la implementación de las fichas electrónicas han exigido la construcción de nuevas fundamentaciones acerca del concepto de confidencialidad. Mantener altos estándares éticos en la aplicación del ejercicio de la medicina debiese estar inseparablemente vinculado al estudio de la bioética desde la formación inicial de los médicos