10,147 research outputs found
Experimental determination of the turbulence in a liquid rocket combustion chamber
The intensity of turbulence and the Lagrangian correlation coefficient for a liquid rocket combustion chamber were determined experimentally using the tracer gas diffusion method. The results indicate that the turbulent diffusion process can be adequately modeled by the one-dimensional Taylor theory; however, the numerical values show significant disagreement with previously accepted values. The intensity of turbulence is higher by a factor of about two, while the Lagrangian correlation coefficient which was assumed to be unity in the past is much less than unity
Scaling and data collapse for the mean exit time of asset prices
We study theoretical and empirical aspects of the mean exit time of financial
time series. The theoretical modeling is done within the framework of
continuous time random walk. We empirically verify that the mean exit time
follows a quadratic scaling law and it has associated a pre-factor which is
specific to the analyzed stock. We perform a series of statistical tests to
determine which kind of correlation are responsible for this specificity. The
main contribution is associated with the autocorrelation property of stock
returns. We introduce and solve analytically both a two-state and a three-state
Markov chain models. The analytical results obtained with the two-state Markov
chain model allows us to obtain a data collapse of the 20 measured MET profiles
in a single master curve.Comment: REVTeX 4, 11 pages, 8 figures, 1 table, submitted for publicatio
Spatially-Resolved Nonthermal Line Broadening During The Impulsive Phase of a Solar Flare
This paper presents a detailed study of excess line broadening in EUV
emission lines during the impulsive phase of a C-class solar flare. In this
work, which utilizes data from the EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) onboard
Hinode, the broadened line profiles were observed to be co-spatial with the two
HXR footpoints as observed by RHESSI. By plotting the derived nonthermal
velocity for each pixel within the Fe XV and Fe XVI rasters against its
corresponding Doppler velocity a strong correlation (|r| > 0.59) was found
between the two parameters for one of the footpoints. This suggested that the
excess broadening at these temperatures is due to a superposition of flows
(turbulence), presumably as a result of chromospheric evaporation due to
nonthermal electrons. Also presented are diagnostics of electron densities
using five pairs of density-sensitive line ratios. Density maps derived using
the Mg XII and Si X line pairs showed no appreciable increase in electron
density at the footpoints, while the Fe XII, Fe XIII, and Fe XIV line pairs
revealed densities approaching 10^(11.5) cm^(-3). Using this information, the
nonthermal velocities derived from the widths of the two Fe XIV lines were
plotted against their corresponding density values derived from their ratio.
This showed that pixels with large nonthermal velocities were associated with
pixels of moderately higher densities. This suggests that nonthermal broadening
at these temperatures may have been due to enhanced densities at the
footpoints, although estimates of the amount of opacity broadening and pressure
broadening appeared to be negligible.Comment: 11 pages, 10 figures. Accepted to Ap
Development of a Flying Robot With a Pantograph-Based Variable Wing Mechanism
We develop a flying robot with a new pantograph-based variable wing mechanism for horizontal-axis rotorcrafts (cyclogyro rotorcrafts). A key feature of the new mechanism is to have a unique trajectory of variable wings that not only change angles of attack but also expand and contract according to wing positions. As a first step, this paper focuses on demonstrating the possibility of the flying robot with this mechanism. After addressing the pantograph-based variable wing mechanism and its features, a simulation model of this mechanism is constructed. Next, we present some comparison results (between the simulation model and experimental data) for a prototype body with the proposed pantograph-based variable wing mechanism. Both simulation and experimental results show that the flying robot with this new mechanism can generate enough lift forces to keep itself in the air. Furthermore, we construct a more precise simulation model by considering rotational motion of each wing. As a result of optimizing design parameters using the precise simulation model, flight performance experimental results demonstrate that the robot with the optimal design parameters can generate not only enough lift forces but a 155 gf payload as well
Nanomaterials-Based Biosensors for the Detection of Prostate Cancer Biomarkers: Recent Trends and Future Perspective
Cancer is among the leading causes of death and an important barrier to improving life expectancy globally. Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men worldwide. The detection of biomarkers in body fluids is the key topic for the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer. Despite advances in prostate cancer detection methods, therapeutic agents and new biomarkers, prostate cancer remains a serious challenge. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is widely recognized as an important biomarker for the diagnosis of prostate cancer although researchers have also investigated the use of alternative biomarkers. Design and development of novel biosensors for prostate cancer detection has become a hot research area with advances in nanotechnology aiding biosensor development. This article reviews recent achievements and progress that nanomaterials and nanotechnology have made in biomarkers based biosensors for prostate cancer detection and covers: i) PSA-targeted biosensors (immunosensors, aptamer-based, peptide-based and nanopore-based biosensors), ii) sarcosine oxidase-targeted biosensors, iii) other biomarkers based biosensors (prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)) including dual biomarkers based biosensors (PSA-VEGF, PSA-PSMA, PSA-PCA3 and PSA-sarcosine). The aim of this review is to provide insights into how nanomaterials in combination with various biomarkers are now aiding biosensor development in prostate cancer diagnostics
On the Mechanism of BaSi2 Thin Film Formation on Si Substrate by Vacuum Evaporation
AbstractWe report on the formation mechanism of BaSi2 thin film on Si substrate grown by vacuum evaporation using BaSi2 granules as source materials. Since the vapor flux at the initial stage of evaporation is known to be Ba-rich, Si supply from the substrate is of crucial importance to obtain homogeneous BaSi2 thin film. In fact, low substrate temperature and/or thick film deposition led to formation of rough film with voids, and the oxidation proceeded upon exposure to air. We revealed that appropriate choice of substrate temperature, film thickness, and post-growth in-situ annealing can provide enough diffusion of Si and Ba, leading to realization of homogeneous BaSi2 thin film
Mechanism of ensuring the environmental sustainability of architecture of transit routes of the environment of industrial zones
Evolution of superconductivity in LaO1-xFxBiS2 prepared by high pressure technique
Novel BiS2-based superconductors LaO1-xFxBiS2 prepared by the high pressure
synthesis technique were systematically studied. It was found that the high
pressure annealing strongly the lattice as compared to the LaO1-xFxBiS2 samples
prepared by conventional solid state reaction at ambient pressure. Bulk
superconductivity was observed within a wide F-concentration range of x = 0.2 ~
0.7. On the basis of those results, we have established a phase diagram of
LaO1-xFxBiS2.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure
Timelike self-similar spherically symmetric perfect-fluid models
Einstein's field equations for timelike self-similar spherically symmetric
perfect-fluid models are investigated. The field equations are rewritten as a
first-order system of autonomous differential equations. Dimensionless
variables are chosen in such a way that the number of equations in the coupled
system is reduced as far as possible and so that the reduced phase space
becomes compact and regular. The system is subsequently analysed qualitatively
using the theory of dynamical systems.Comment: 23 pages, 6 eps-figure
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