A randomised, double-blind, dose-finding, phase II multicentre study of ODX in the treatment of patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer and skeletal metastases

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CMS physics technical design report : Addendum on high density QCD with heavy ions

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Accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy combined with induction and concomitant chemotherapy for inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer--impact of total treatment time.

Tumour cell proliferation during conventionally fractionated radiotherapy (RT) can negatively influence the treatment outcome in patients with unresectable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Accelerated and hyperfractionated RT may therefore have an advantage over conventional RT. Moreover, earlier studies have suggested improved survival with addition of cisplatin-based chemotherapy (CT). We present here the results of combined treatment with induction and concomitant CT and accelerated hyperfractionated RT in a retrospective series of patients with advanced NSCLC. Between August 1990 and August 1995, 90 consecutive patients, aged 42-77 years (median 63 years), with locally advanced unresectable or medically inoperable NSCLC and good performance status were referred for treatment: stage: I 23%, IIIa 37%, IIIb 40%. Patient histologies included: squamous cell carcinoma 52%, adenocarcinoma 34% and large cell carcinoma 13%. The treatment consisted of two courses of CT (cisplatin 100 mg/m2 day 1 and etoposide 100 mg/m2 day 1-3 i.v.), the second course given concomitantly with RT. The total RT dose was 61.2-64.6 Gy, with two daily fractions of 1.7 Gy. A one-week interval was introduced after 40.8 Gy to reduce acute toxicity, making the total treatment time 4.5 weeks. Concerning toxicity, 33 patients had febrile neutropenia, 10 patients suffered from grade III oesophagitis and 7 patients had grade III pneumonitis. There were two possible treatment-related deaths, one due to myocardial infarction and the other due to a pneumocystis carinii infection. The 1-, 2- and 3-year overall survival rates were 72%, 46% and 34%, respectively; median survival was 21.3 months. Fifty-nine patients had progressive disease: 21 failed locoregionally, 29 had distant metastases and 9 patients had a combination of these. Pretreatment weight loss was the only prognostic factor found, except for stage. However, the results for stage IIIb were no different from those for stage IIIa. We conclude that the survival results compare favourably with those of most other studies with a manageable toxicity

Complications and Clinical Outcome 18 Months After Bipolar and Monopolar Transurethral Resection of the Prostate

Purpose: To compare bipolar resection with the conventional monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) with respect to peri- and postoperative complications and long-term outcome. Patients and Methods: Patients with consecutive benign prostatic hyperplasia needing surgery (n = 185) from the hospitals waiting list were randomized to TURP using either a bipolar or a monopolar system. Peri-and postoperative parameters were monitored, complications were registered, and timed micturition/International Prostate Symptom Score (TM/IPSS) forms were collected at 3 and 6 weeks and at 6 and 18 months. Results: Bipolar surgery was followed by a 16% to 20% higher percentage of the patients reporting ongoing improvement (fractional IPSS change greater than2) at 3 and 6 weeks after the surgery (p less than 0.05). There were fewer readmissions in the bipolar group than in the monopolar (5 vs. 13, p less than 0.05). No differences between the groups with respect to hospital stay and catheter duration was recorded. Bipolar and monopolar TURP resulted in marked and sustained improvements of IPSS, bother score, and TM. Conclusions: Bipolar TURP, using the transurethral resection in saline (TURis) system, resulted in significantly fewer postoperative readmissions, faster postoperative recovery, and equally long-lasting good results in TM/IPSS and bother score, as in monopolar TURP.Original Publication:Tim Fagerstrom, Claes R. Nyman and Robert Hahn, Complications and Clinical Outcome 18 Months After Bipolar and Monopolar Transurethral Resection of the Prostate, 2011, Journal of endourology, (25), 6, 1043-1049.http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/end.2010.0714Copyright: Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.http://www.liebertpub.com

Degree of Vaporization in Bipolar and Monopolar Resection

Purpose: To compare the in vitro degree of vaporization in bipolar and monopolar resection. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMaterials and Methods: Using either a bipolar system or a monopolar system, samples of chicken muscle and lamb kidney were resected in an isolated basin and then desiccated in an incubator. The percentual degree of vaporization for each sample was obtained as a difference between the total fresh weight of the sample and the calculated fresh weights of the resected tissue and remains. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults: Reference samples showed that the water content was 73% in muscle and 77% in kidney. More muscle (mean 52%) than kidney (32%; P andlt; 0.0001) tissue was vaporized. The fraction of vaporized tissue was significantly higher in the bipolar technique. In muscle, the differences between monopolar and bipolar were 17% (P andlt; 0.05) and 26% (P andlt; 0.001), respectively, depending on the type of irrigation used. For kidney, the differences were 27% (P andlt; 0.01) and 34% (P andlt; 0.01), respectively. Further exploration of the degree of vaporization when using the bipolar resection showed that the choice of loop (P andlt; 0.0001), fluid (P andlt; 0.03), and tissue (P andlt; 0.0001) were all independently associated with the degree of vaporization. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusions: This study indicated that vaporization removes 50% more tissue than the weight of the resected tissue during conventional tissue resection. Bipolar standard loop resection resulted in a significantly higher degree of vaporization in both muscle and kidney than did monopolar technique. Bipolar resection worked satisfactorily in Ringers acetate

Influence of eye optical quality on contrast sensitivity and visual acuity

Darbs ir uzrakstīts angļu valodā uz 50 lapaspusēm, satur 37 figūras, 1 tabula un 41 literatūras avotus. Pētījuma mērķis bija novērtēt redzes kvalitāti dalībniekiem ar dažādām izmaiņām acs optiskajās vidēs. Augsta kontrasta redzes asums, mezopiskais redzes asums un kontrastjutība ir labi parametri acs optiskās kvalitātes novērtēšanai. Mezopiskais redzes asums ir ar augstu jutību, lai atklātu dalībniekus ar nelielas pakāpes apduļķojumiem acs optiskajās vidēs (agrīna katarakta). Kontrastjutības tests ir jutīgs uz izmaiņām acs optiskajās vidēs dalībniekiem ar ortokeratoloģijas lēcām. Augsta kontrasta redzes asums ir pietiekami jutīgs uz cita veida izmaiņām acs struktūrāsThesis is written in English on 50 pages, contains 37 figures, 1 table and 41 references. Study purpose was to evaluate spatial visual performances for 10 groups of patients with different optical quality of the eye. The assessment of visual acuity (VA), mesopic visual acuity (MVA) and contrast sensitivity (CS) is good parameters for assessment image quality of the eye. MVA is the most sensitive test for subjects with pathologies due to the slight opacity of optical media, as early cataract. CS tests are the most sensitive tests for orthokeratology lenses wearers. Simple detection of VA can predict the whole visual quality of the other groups of patients