Factors affecting the pathogenicity of Yersinia ruckeri

A group of 42 strains of Yersinia ruckeri were characterized and found to show homogenous biochemical profiles. The optimal conditions for in vitro culture of a representative strain of Y. ruckeri were established. The virulence was increased by passage through fish. A standard method for infection of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with Y. ruckeri was devised. As a result cultures of Y. ruckeri grown on full strength of BHIA for 5 h at 30°C in static conditions were found to be most suitable for infection by both intraperitoneal injection and immersion. Virulence of stored cultures was maintained for over 1 year at -20 and/or -70° C and virulence was not lost after up to six consecutive subcultures. The effect on mortality of susceptibility of various fish stocks, water temperature and stocking density is described. The size of fish (between 5 and 60 g) had no effect on virulence. The injection and immersion protocols were used as in vivo models for the study of the effects of dietary vitamin E, with both laboratory prepared diets and commercially available diets. Comparative results of haematological and biochemical parameters, histology, mortality patterns, serum antibody levels and bacterial recovery from the four dietary groups of fish are presented. A comparative in vitro and in vivo study of intra and inter strain vanations among representatives of the serogroup 1 of Y. ruckeri was performed. Under the conditions used, some strains were virulent and other avirulent. Results of Western blotting and SDS-PAGE showed the presence of a heat sensitive factor (HSF), present only in the virulent strains of Y. ruckeri. To date this is the first putative virulence factor described for Y. ruckeri. Further work was undertaken in an attempt to characterize the HSF. It appears to be located in the periplasmic space and to have complex lipid and proteinaceous components. HSF is easily degraded, and is immunogenic and confers some protection when injected into rainbow trout. Selective media and detection methods for the HSF, and their potential use in laboratory and field studies are described.The Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Weymouth, Englan

Social Policies for a Recovery

The fallout from the global economic downturn of 2008-09 is a continuing source of stress on families and a constraint on government policies. How can social policies contribute to a quick and equitable recovery from the crisis and how can they best respond to the difficulties that households continue to face? What role can and should social policy budgets play in improving the budget outlook of countries facing unsustainable government debt? And how should governments prioritise different areas of social spending when faced with heightened demand for support but, often, much reduced fiscal space? This paper addresses these questions in light of countries' experiences during the most recent and earlier economic downturns.economic crisis, social policy, redistribution, unemployment, government spending

Idoneidad del análisis narratológico en relatos de estructura sencilla: Contes des Quatre Saisons

Ponencia presentada al Primer Congreso Internacional sobre Análisis Fílmico. Madrid: Edipo. 200

Optimización del rendimiento y la eficiencia energética en sistemas masivamente paralelos

RESUMEN Los sistemas heterogéneos son cada vez más relevantes, debido a sus capacidades de rendimiento y eficiencia energética, estando presentes en todo tipo de plataformas de cómputo, desde dispositivos embebidos y servidores, hasta nodos HPC de grandes centros de datos. Su complejidad hace que sean habitualmente usados bajo el paradigma de tareas y el modelo de programación host-device. Esto penaliza fuertemente el aprovechamiento de los aceleradores y el consumo energético del sistema, además de dificultar la adaptación de las aplicaciones. La co-ejecución permite que todos los dispositivos cooperen para computar el mismo problema, consumiendo menos tiempo y energía. No obstante, los programadores deben encargarse de toda la gestión de los dispositivos, la distribución de la carga y la portabilidad del código entre sistemas, complicando notablemente su programación. Esta tesis ofrece contribuciones para mejorar el rendimiento y la eficiencia energética en estos sistemas masivamente paralelos. Se realizan propuestas que abordan objetivos generalmente contrapuestos: se mejora la usabilidad y la programabilidad, a la vez que se garantiza una mayor abstracción y extensibilidad del sistema, y al mismo tiempo se aumenta el rendimiento, la escalabilidad y la eficiencia energética. Para ello, se proponen dos motores de ejecución con enfoques completamente distintos. EngineCL, centrado en OpenCL y con una API de alto nivel, favorece la máxima compatibilidad entre todo tipo de dispositivos y proporciona un sistema modular extensible. Su versatilidad permite adaptarlo a entornos para los que no fue concebido, como aplicaciones con ejecuciones restringidas por tiempo o simuladores HPC de dinámica molecular, como el utilizado en un centro de investigación internacional. Considerando las tendencias industriales y enfatizando la aplicabilidad profesional, CoexecutorRuntime proporciona un sistema flexible centrado en C++/SYCL que dota de soporte a la co-ejecución a la tecnología oneAPI. Este runtime acerca a los programadores al dominio del problema, posibilitando la explotación de estrategias dinámicas adaptativas que mejoran la eficiencia en todo tipo de aplicaciones.ABSTRACT Heterogeneous systems are becoming increasingly relevant, due to their performance and energy efficiency capabilities, being present in all types of computing platforms, from embedded devices and servers to HPC nodes in large data centers. Their complexity implies that they are usually used under the task paradigm and the host-device programming model. This strongly penalizes accelerator utilization and system energy consumption, as well as making it difficult to adapt applications. Co-execution allows all devices to simultaneously compute the same problem, cooperating to consume less time and energy. However, programmers must handle all device management, workload distribution and code portability between systems, significantly complicating their programming. This thesis offers contributions to improve performance and energy efficiency in these massively parallel systems. The proposals address the following generally conflicting objectives: usability and programmability are improved, while ensuring enhanced system abstraction and extensibility, and at the same time performance, scalability and energy efficiency are increased. To achieve this, two runtime systems with completely different approaches are proposed. EngineCL, focused on OpenCL and with a high-level API, provides an extensible modular system and favors maximum compatibility between all types of devices. Its versatility allows it to be adapted to environments for which it was not originally designed, including applications with time-constrained executions or molecular dynamics HPC simulators, such as the one used in an international research center. Considering industrial trends and emphasizing professional applicability, CoexecutorRuntime provides a flexible C++/SYCL-based system that provides co-execution support for oneAPI technology. This runtime brings programmers closer to the problem domain, enabling the exploitation of dynamic adaptive strategies that improve efficiency in all types of applications.Funding: This PhD has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education (FPU16/03299 grant), the Spanish Science and Technology Commission under contracts TIN2016-76635-C2-2-R and PID2019-105660RB-C22. This work has also been partially supported by the Mont-Blanc 3: European Scalable and Power Efficient HPC Platform based on Low-Power Embedded Technology project (G.A. No. 671697) from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (H2020 Programme). Some activities have also been funded by the Spanish Science and Technology Commission under contract TIN2016-81840-REDT (CAPAP-H6 network). The Integration II: Hybrid programming models of Chapter 4 has been partially performed under the Project HPC-EUROPA3 (INFRAIA-2016-1-730897), with the support of the EC Research Innovation Action under the H2020 Programme. In particular, the author gratefully acknowledges the support of the SPMT Department of the High Performance Computing Center Stuttgart (HLRS)

Contrastive study and translation of a legal sentence from English into Spanish. Oscar Pistorius' case

The purpose of this research is to translate into Spanish an extract of Oscar Pistorius’ legal sentence, and to provide an accurate analysis of the lexical and grammatical characteristics found in the same. By using specialized dictionaries, parallel texts, as well as glossaries the problems found during the process of translation will be studied. Besides, solutions addopted to these problems will be provided. The research shows that thanks to the use of translation techniques such as transpositions, the translator is able to provide a target text that sounds natural and balanced in the target language This research focuses only on a concrete extract of a legal sentence. It would be interesting for further studiesEl principal objetivo de este estudio es la realización de una traducción de un extracto de la sentencia legal de Oscar Pistorius. A su vez, se realizará un análsis de las características léxicas y gramaticales encontradas en dicha sentencia. Los problemas que se han encontrado a lo largo del proceso de tradución serán analizados, así como las soluciones adoptadas. Este estudio demuestra que el traductor es capaz de crear una traducción natural y equilibrado gracias al uso de distintas técnicas de traducción como son las transposiciones. Es importante tener en cuenta que este estudios se centra unicamente en el extracto seleccionado de la sentencia judicial. Por ello, sería interesante realizar nuevos para seguir investigando si estas características y problemas se repiten en otras sentencias juridicas.Departamento de Filología InglesaGrado en Estudios Inglese

Estudio del efecto de la inclusión de fucus spiralis liofilizado en un envase biodegradable de gelatina, sobre la calidad de caballa conservada en refrigeración a 4ºC

Como resultado de la creciente demanda de productos marinos frescos de calidad, la tecnología de alimentos ha desarrollado una gran diversidad de estrategias novedosas de refrigeración que han contribuido al desarrollo continuado y a la innovación en el sector. Entre las soluciones tecnológicas propuestas, se encuentra el empleo de algas como potenciales elementos antimicrobianos y antioxidantes. Algunos trabajos recogen ya resultados esperanzadores a partir de diversas especies, muy abundantes en las costas gallegas debida a la acción de sus componentes (terpenos, polifenoles, y florotaninos). En este proyecto hemos intentado comprobar si existen diferencias significativas en la degradación del músculo de caballa (Scomber scombrus), una vez conservada en refrigeración en un biofilm biodegradable incluyendo distintas concentraciones de F. spiralis liofilizado. Puede abrir nuevos campos de investigación en la misma dirección y ser una solución sostenible para el transporte, conservación y exposición de los productos marinos.As a result of the growing demand for quality fresh marine products, food technology has developed a great diversity of innovative refrigeration strategies that have contributed to continued development and innovation in the sector. Among the proposed technological solutions is the use of algae as potential source of antimicrobial and antioxidant elements. Some works already have encouraging results from different species, very abundant in the Galician coast due to the action of their polyphenolic components, etc. In this project we have tried to verify if there are significant differences in the degradation of mackerel muscle (Scomber scombrus) when preserved in a biofilm including lyophilized Fucus spiralis with different. The development of such strategy can open new research fields in the same direction and be a sustainable solution for the transport, conservation and exposure of marine products.Com a resultat de la creixent demanda de productes marins frescos de qualitat, la tecnologia d'aliments ha desenvolupat una gran diversitat d'estratègies noves de refrigeració que han contribuït a continuar el desenvolupament i la innovació en el sector. Entre les solucions tecnològiques proposades, es troba la utilització d'algues com a potencials elements antimicrobians i antioxidants. Alguns treballs recullen ja resultats esperançadors a partir de diverses espècies, molt abundants a les costes gallegues a causa de l'acció dels seus components. En aquest projecte hem intentat comprovar si hi ha diferències significatives en la degradació del múscul del verat, un cop conservat en refrigeració en un biofilm biodegradable incloent diferents concentracions de F. spiralis liofilitzat. Es pot obrir nous camps d'investigació en la mateixa direcció i ser una solució sostenible per al transport, conservació i exposició dels productes marins