53 research outputs found

    Implementation of the stroop task using an interactive table: an experimental study

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    International audienceWe have implemented a psychological test, known as the Stroop task (in its reversed version), using the interactive TangiSense table that is equipped with RFID technology allowing the use of tangible objects. How the test was implemented, as well as the experimental study, are described in this paper. As a general description, participants moved a tangible object into one of four colored zones. The correct colored zone was indicated by a word for a color displayed in congruent or incongruent colored LED lights (e.g., "yellow" displayed in yellow or red, respectively). Participants took more time to place the object in a zone and made more errors when the word was lit with an incongruent than congruent color. These results suggest that the TangiSense table has applicable value for psychological research

    Test préliminaire de systÚmes dédiés à des utilisateurs IMC, avec induction mécanique de mouvements involontaires chez des utilisateurs non atteints

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    National audienceComMob (Communication and Mobility) is a communication aid for people with motor disabilities of the CP (Cerebral Palsy) type. This software is dedicated to mobile use with installation on wheelchair. A preliminary evaluation was carried out in the laboratory with able-bodied people with simulation of involuntary movements, which are characteristic of athetoid CP disability. This work-in-progress paper focuses on the principles of the evaluation implemented and the first results obtained. Numerous research perspectives are currently envisaged.ComMob (Communication et Mobilité) est une aide à la communication destinée aux personnes handicapées moteur de type IMC (Infirme Moteur Cérébral). Ce logiciel est dédié à une utilisation en mobilité avec installation sur fauteuil roulant. Une évaluation préliminaire de ComMob a été effectuée en laboratoire, avec des personnes valides chez qui ont été mécaniquement induits des mouvements involontaires caractéristiques du handicap IMC de type athétosique. Ce papier de travail en cours met l'accent sur les principes de l'évaluation mise en place ainsi que les premiers résultats obtenus. De nombreuses perspectives de recherche sont actuellement envisagées

    Navigating the garden of forking paths for data exclusions in fear conditioning research

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    In this report, we illustrate the considerable impact of researcher degrees of freedom with respect to exclusion of participants in paradimgs with a learning element. We illustrate this empirically through case examples from human fear conditioning research where the exclusion of ‘non-learners’ and ‘non-responders’ is common-despite a lack of consensus on how to define these groups. We illustrate the substantial heterogeneity in exclusion criteria based on a systematic literature search and highlight potential problems and pitfalls of different definitions through case examples based on re-analyses of existing data sets. Based on this, we propose a consensus on evidence-based rather than idiosyncratic criteria including clear guidelines on reporting details. Taken together, we illustrate how flexibility in data collection and analysis can be avoided, which will benefit the robustness and replicability of research findings and can be expected to be applicable to other fields of research that involve a learning element

    Review of safety and mobility issues among older pedestrians

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    La pression temporelle dans les environnements dynamiques (le cas de la conduite automobile)

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    La pression temporelle est souvent considĂ©rĂ©e comme une caractĂ©ristique majeure des sociĂ©tĂ©s modernes mais, paradoxalement, elle a Ă©tĂ© assez peu Ă©tudiĂ©e en situations Ă©cologiques et, notamment, dans le cadre de la conduite automobile. Cette derniĂšre est souvent dĂ©signĂ©e comme une tĂąche secondaire qui se rĂ©vĂšle pourtant centrale dans la rĂ©alisation de diffĂ©rentes activitĂ©s professionnelles. Ce travail de thĂšse centrĂ© sur la pression temporelle au volant est exploratoire et s appuie sur diffĂ©rentes approches : questionnaires, entretiens, enquĂȘtes de terrain, suivi d activitĂ©, et expĂ©rimentations en laboratoire. Nos donnĂ©es corroborent l idĂ©e selon laquelle la pression temporelle a des effets dĂ©lĂ©tĂšres sur le comportement routier. Nous montrons Ă©galement qu elle peut ĂȘtre source d Ă©motions nĂ©gatives mais, chez certains conducteurs, elle ne dĂ©grade pas voire amplifie les Ă©motions positives, en particulier le plaisir de conduire. Les effets de la pression temporelle sur l impatience et sur l empathie sont Ă©galement abordĂ©s. Enfin, nos donnĂ©es montrent aussi que la pression temporelle modifie, au moins en partie, les estimations de vitesses et la perception du temps. Nous concluons de ce travail que la pression temporelle est de nature subjective et qu elle possĂšde une composante cognitive et une composante Ă©motionnelle.Time pressure is often seen as a major feature of modern societies, but, paradoxically, it has been little studied in ecological situations, including in the context of driving. Driving is often designated as a secondary task that proves yet central to the achievement of different professional activities. Focusing upon time pressure at the wheel; this thesis constitutes an exploratory work. Methods are based on different approaches: questionnaires, interviews, field surveys, analysis of activity, and laboratory experiments. Our data support the idea that time pressure has deleterious effects on driving behavior. We also show that time pressure can be a source of negative emotions, but for some drivers, it does not degrade, even amplify, positive emotions, especially the pleasure of driving. The effects of time pressure on both impatience and empathy are also discussed. Finally, our data also show that time pressure changes, at least in part, the estimates of speed and it influences time perception. From this work, we conclude that time pressure is subjective in nature and it includes a cognitive component and an emotional component.VALENCIENNES-BU Sciences Lettres (596062101) / SudocSudocFranceF

    L'utilisation de l'Ă©lectrocardiogramme en mĂ©decine gĂ©nĂ©rale et ses facteurs limitants (enquĂȘte de pratique rĂ©alisĂ©e auprĂšs de mĂ©decins gĂ©nĂ©ralistes de Picardie)

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    Introduction : De nombreuses situations en mĂ©decine gĂ©nĂ©rale requiĂšrent l'utilisation d'un appareil Ă  Ă©lectrocardiogramme (ECG). C'est l'un des rares examens complĂ©mentaires directement rĂ©alisable par le mĂ©decin au sein de son cabinet. L'objectif de cette Ă©tude est d'Ă©valuer l'utilisation de l'appareil Ă  ECG par les mĂ©decins gĂ©nĂ©ralistes de Picardie et les freins Ă  son usage rĂ©gulier. MĂ©thode : J'ai rĂ©alisĂ© une enquĂȘte prospective par l'envoi postal d'un questionnaire auprĂšs d'un Ă©chantillon de 300 mĂ©decins gĂ©nĂ©ralistes de Picardie. Ce questionnaire portait sur 5 paramĂštres : le profil du mĂ©decin gĂ©nĂ©raliste, la possession d'un appareil Ă  ECG, la frĂ©quence d'utilisation, les circonstances de rĂ©alisation et les facteurs limitant l'utilisation de l'appareil Ă  ECG. RĂ©sultats : 42 % des mĂ©decins interrogĂ©s ont acceptĂ© de participer Ă  cette Ă©tude. 39 % des mĂ©decins gĂ©nĂ©ralistes possĂšdent un appareil Ă  ECG et seuls 54 % d'entre eux s'en servent plus d'une fois par mois. L'ECG est essentiellement utilisĂ© en situation d'urgence. Les principaux freins Ă  l'utilisation de l'appareil Ă  ECG Ă©taient par ordre dĂ©croissant d'importance : l'interprĂ©tation mal maĂźtrisĂ©e, le caractĂšre chronophage de l'examen, l'absence de valeur ajoutĂ©e diagnostique ou dĂ©cisionnelle dans la prise en charge des urgences et des pathologies chroniques, le coĂ»t d'acquisition trop important, la cotation insuffisante de l'acte, le risque mĂ©dico-judiciaire en cas d'erreur d'interprĂ©tation, les difficultĂ©s techniques de rĂ©alisation et la proximitĂ© du cardiologue et des Structures d'Accueil aux Urgences (SAU). Discussion et conclusion : Les mĂ©decins gĂ©nĂ©ralistes de Picardie sont sous Ă©quipĂ©s en appareil Ă  ECG. La faible frĂ©quence d'utilisation ne permet pas au mĂ©decin de maintenir ses compĂ©tences dans ce domaine. L'ECG est considĂ©rĂ© comme un examen d'urgence et la proximitĂ© gĂ©ographique des SAU et SAMU peut rĂ©duire considĂ©rablement l'intĂ©rĂȘt de cet outil diagnostique. Toutefois, l'ECG a Ă©galement sa place dans la surveillance de pathologies chroniques (hypertension artĂ©rielle, diabĂšte..) : le mĂ©decin gĂ©nĂ©raliste y joue un rĂŽle essentiel et peut contribuer Ă  amĂ©liorer la qualitĂ© de ce suivi, notamment dans les dĂ©serts mĂ©dicaux. Les freins citĂ©s pourraient ĂȘtre sensiblement rĂ©duits par un renforcement de la formation initiale et continue, une utilisation rĂ©guliĂšre de l'ECG et par le dĂ©veloppement du tĂ©lĂ©-ECG en mĂ©decine gĂ©nĂ©rale.Introduction : Many cases in general medicine call for the use of an electrocardiogram machine (ECG). It is one of the few additional examinations the practitioner can utilize within his consulting room. The aim of this investigation is to assess the use of the ECG machine by general practitioners in Picardy and the constraints for regular use. Method : I mailed out a questionnaire to a sample of 300 general practitioners in Picardy. The questionnaire involved informations about 5 parameters : the profile of the general practitioner, the possession of an ECG machine, the frequency of its use, the circumstances of its use, and the restrictive factors in the use of the ECG machine. Results : 42 % of the questionned practitioners agreed to take part in this survey. Of those participating, 39 % own an ECG machine and within that number, only 54 % use it more than once a month. The ECG machine is used in an emergency. The main constraints for the use of the ECG machine were from the most to the least important : the misread interpretation, the lack of diagnostic or decision making value added in the taking care og emergencies and chronic pathologies, the high cost to purchase it, the low quotation of the act, the taking risks of proceedings in case of misinterpretation, the technical difficulties to carry out the examination and the proximity of a cardiologist or of the SAU (emergency wards). Discussion and conclusion : The general practitioners in Picardy are underequipped in ECG machines. Because the ECG machine is not used on a frequent basis, it doesn't furnish the practitioner the experience to maintain his proficiency in this field. The ECG is considered as an emergency examination, so the geographic proximity of the ermergency wards can significantly lower the benefit of this diagnostic tool. Nervertheless, the ECG is not out of place : it can be used in the on-going observation of chronic pathologies (high blood pressure, diabetes...). The general practitioner plays an essential part in it and can help improving the quality of the follow up, in particular, in the medical deserts . The mentioned constraints could be perceptibly brought down by a reinforcement of the starting and continuing education, a regular use of the ECG, and by the development of the tele-ECG in general medicine.AMIENS-BU SantĂ© (800212102) / SudocSudocFranceF

    The influence of anxiety on electrodermal responses to distractors

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    Contrary to classical expectation, anxiety has been repeatedly observed to be associated with reduced electrodermal activity. This could be the result of successful coping. In line with this interpretation, high-trait anxious individuals performing moderately arousing tasks were expected to manifest a reduced responding to distractors, since this is an adaptive outcome. High- and low-trait anxious participants had to perform a visual search task in a low-stress context. Unrelated neutral and emotional auditory words served as distractors. As a control, neutral and emotional words were also delivered in a no task condition. Skin conductance responses (SCRs) were greater during the task than during the control phase, but in the high anxious group, this increase in SCRs was smaller following emotional distractors than following neutral ones. Moreover, SCRs to both types of words habituated, but the results suggested that only the low-trait anxious participants presented the classical slowing of SCRs habituation when performing the task. All these data are interpreted as an illustration of a resource-based electrodermal inhibition in the high-trait anxious participants. It sustains the idea that mild to moderate anxiety may increase the mastery of situations

    Glucose increases aggression by young male French drivers

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