1,939 research outputs found
The Merger Rates and Mass Assembly Histories of Dark Matter Haloes in the Two Millennium Simulations
We construct merger trees of dark matter haloes and quantify their merger
rates and mass growth rates using the joint dataset from the Millennium and
Millennium-II simulations. The finer resolution of the Millennium-II Simulation
has allowed us to extend our earlier analysis of halo merger statistics to an
unprecedentedly wide range of descendant halo mass (10^10 < M0 < 10^15 Msun),
progenitor mass ratio (10^-5 < xi < 1), and redshift (0 < z < 15). We update
our earlier fitting form for the mean merger rate per halo as a function of
M_0, xi, and z. The overall behavior of this quantity is unchanged: the rate
per unit redshift is nearly independent of z out to z~15; the dependence on
halo mass is weak (M0^0.13); and it is nearly a power law in the progenitor
mass ratio (xi^-2). We also present a simple and accurate fitting formula for
the mean mass growth rate of haloes as a function of mass and redshift. This
mean rate is 46 Msun/yr for 10^12 Msun haloes at z=0, and it increases with
mass as M^{1.1} and with redshift as (1+z)^2.5 (for z > 1). When the fit for
the mean mass growth rate is integrated over a halo's history, we find
excellent match to the mean mass assembly histories of the simulated haloes. By
combining merger rates and mass assembly histories, we present results for the
number of mergers over a halo's history and the statistics of the redshift of
the last major merger.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, accepted in MNRA
Dark Matter Halo Growth II: Diffuse Accretion and its Environmental Dependence
Dark matter haloes in Lambda CDM simulations grow by mergers with other
haloes as well as accretion of "diffuse" non-halo material. We quantify the
mass growth rates via these two processes, dM_mer/dt and dM_dif/dt, and their
dependence on halo environment using the ~500,000 haloes in the Millennium
simulation. Adopting a local mass density parameter as a measure of halo
environment, we find the two rates show strong but opposite environmental
dependence, with mergers playing an increasingly important role for halo
growths in overdense regions and diffuse accretion dominating growth in voids.
This behaviour is independent of the mass cuts used to define haloes vs
non-haloes. For galaxy-scale haloes, these two opposite correlations largely
cancel out, but a weak environmental dependence remains that results in a
slightly lower mean total growth rate, and hence an earlier mean formation
redshift, for haloes in denser regions. The mean formation redshift of the
~5000 cluster-mass haloes, on the other hand, appears to have no correlation
with halo environment. The origin of the positive correlation of dM_mer/dt with
local density can be traced to the surrounding mass reservoir outside the
haloes, where more progenitor haloes are available in denser regions. The
negative correlation of dM_dif/dt with density, however, is not explained by
the available diffuse mass in the reservoir, which is in fact larger in denser
regions. The non-halo component may therefore be partially comprised of truly
diffuse dark matter particles that are dynamically hotter and are accreted at a
suppressed rate in denser regions. We also discuss the implications of these
results for how to modify the Extended Press-Schechter model of halo growth,
which in its original form does not predict environmental dependence.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures, accepted in MNRA
Teoría del dolo vs. teoría de la culpabilidad Un modelo para afrontar la cuestión del error en Derecho penal
En el artículo se revisan los presupuestos de la teoría del error manejada por la doctrina mayoritaria tanto en España como en Alemania al hilo de la especial problemática que plantean los tipos penales que introducen remisiones a otras normas para complementar el tipo penal (tipos penales en blanco, elementos normativos del tipo); apuntándose una manera distinta de delimitar entre los errores que excluyen el dolo y los que no tienen ese efecto. Esta solución se ve acompañada de una propuesta de interpretación de la regulación legal, así como por una propuesta de ubicación dentro del sistema del delito
Indentification of non-linear systems using the Wiener Model
Am algorithm for the identification of non-linear systems which can be described by a Wiener model consisting of a linear system followed by a single-valued non-linearity is presented.Cross correlation techniques are employed to decouple the identification of the linear dynamics from the characterization of the non-linear element
Factors Associated With Self-Reported Depression in Arab, Chaldean, and African Americans
Although depression is a chronic illness with high morbidity and personal and economic losses, little is known about depression in immigrants with an Arab or Chaldean ethnic background.
Our primary objective was to determine the overall and ethnicity-specific prevalence of self-reported depression in Arab Americans, Chaldean Americans, and African Americans in the Midwest. The secondary objective was to evaluate the associations between potential risk and protective factors and the presence of self-reported depression.
A total of 3543 adults were recruited from the Arab and Chaldean communities in Metropolitan Detroit. The sample in this study was restricted to those of Arab, Chaldean, and African ethnic backgrounds, resulting in 81.2% of the original sample (n52878). A health assessment survey questionnaire was administered
The overall rate of self-reported depression was 18.2%. The highest rate of depression was found in Arab American participants (23.2%), followed by African Americans (15%) and Chaldeans (13.3%). Self-reported prevalence of depression by country of origin differed significantly.
Our results show the need to provide culturally competent mental health services for Arab Americans and other minority American subgroups. Research is needed to identify risk factors, preferably modifiable factors, and to ascertain which factors are similar and non-similar to the general American population
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