Association of low-level inorganic arsenic exposure from rice with age-standardized mortality risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in England and Wales

Adverse health outcomes, including death from cardiovascular disease (CVD), arising from chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) are well documented. Consumption of rice is a major iAs exposure route for over 3 billion people, however, there is still a lack of epidemiological evidence demonstrating the association between iAs exposure from rice intake and CVD risks. We explored this potential association through an ecological study using data at local authority level across England and Wales. Local authority level daily per capita iAs exposure from rice (E-iAsing,rice) was estimated using ethnicity as a proxy for class of rice consumption. A series of linear and non-linear models were applied to estimate the association between E-iAsing,rice and CVD age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), using Akaike's Information Criterion as the principle model selection criterion. When adjusted for significant confounders, notably smoking prevalence, education level, employment rate, overweight percentage, PM2.5, female percentage and medical and care establishments, the preferred non-linear model indicated that CVD risks increased with iAs exposure from rice at exposures above 0.3 μg/person/day. Also, the best-fitted linear model indicated that CVD ASMR in the highest quartile of iAs exposure (0.375–2.71 μg/person/day) was 1.06 (1.02, 1.11; p-trend <0.001) times higher than that in the lowest quartile (<0.265 μg/person/day). Notwithstanding the well-known limitations of ecological studies, this study further suggests exposure to iAs, including from rice intake, as a potentially important confounder for studies of the factors controlling CVD risks

Market Basket 2010 - Chemical analysis, exposure estimation and health-related assessment of nutrients and toxic compounds in Swedish food baskets

In Market Basket 2010 we collected food baskets from five Swedish major grocery chains by using a shopping list based on per capita food consumption data derived from production and trade statistics. Two types of baskets were purchased at each grocery chain, mirroring the standard price and the low price assortments. The food baskets were purchased in Uppsala in May-June 2010. Based on the food categories included in the per capita statistics, a detailed shopping list was produced and followed at the purchase event. The baskets were divided into 12 food groups, homogenates of each food group were analysed for selected compounds and the supply, or per capita exposure, was calculated. Both nutrients and toxic compounds were analysed and this report includes data on levels in food groups of total fat and fatty acids, carbohy¬drates (sugars, starch, dietary fibre), vitamin D, essential minerals and toxic metals, persistent organic pollutants (POPs), pesticides, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). For these food components food per capita exposure data were calculated, which were assessed against health-based recomm¬endations of supplies of nutrients and tolerable/acceptable exposures of contaminants. Generally, this market basket study is in most cases satisfactory from a health-based point of view. The differences in levels, both regarding toxic compounds and nutrients, between standard and low price baskets, and between grocery chains (when this was studied) were small. For the analysed nutrients, the changes in per capita exposure compared to earlier market basket studies are generally small, and, with some exceptions, in line with recommended intakes or levels. Regarding potentially toxic compounds in food, the estimated per capita exposures are in many cases well below accep¬table/tolerable intake levels or health-based reference doses, and time trends (when present) are mostly favourable, i.e. decreasing levels compared to earlier market basket studies

Animal disease data complementing the European Union One Health 2021 Zoonoses Report

This dataset contains the mandatory annual data reported for bovine tuberculosis and for bovine and ovine and caprine brucellosis based on Directive 2003/99.EU; Excel; [email protected]